sof_helper: implement trait for component states

Revises the code by using trait for generic API design of component
states.

BUG=b:349072680
TEST=run `sof_helper cstate` on SOF-backed devices and check output
is expected.

Change-Id: I3b0b8c4bdf216b9b1076da6087ec46adc67385be
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromiumos/third_party/adhd/+/5859682
Auto-Submit: Pin-chih Lin <johnylin@google.com>
Tested-by: chromeos-cop-builder@chromeos-cop.iam.gserviceaccount.com <chromeos-cop-builder@chromeos-cop.iam.gserviceaccount.com>
Commit-Queue: Li-Yu Yu <aaronyu@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Li-Yu Yu <aaronyu@google.com>