diff --git a/app/Views/errors/cli/error_exception.php b/app/Views/errors/cli/error_exception.php
index 9f47d25141d2..2bf1459d4094 100644
--- a/app/Views/errors/cli/error_exception.php
+++ b/app/Views/errors/cli/error_exception.php
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
         $args = implode(', ', array_map(static fn ($value) => match (true) {
             is_object($value) => 'Object(' . $value::class . ')',
-            is_array($value)  => count($value) ? '[...]' : '[]',
+            is_array($value)  => $value !== [] ? '[...]' : '[]',
             $value === null   => 'null', // return the lowercased version
             default           => var_export($value, true),
         }, array_values($error['args'] ?? [])));
diff --git a/rector.php b/rector.php
index e7c98746eb86..ee8621691862 100644
--- a/rector.php
+++ b/rector.php
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 use Rector\Php80\Rector\Class_\ClassPropertyAssignToConstructorPromotionRector;
 use Rector\Php81\Rector\FuncCall\NullToStrictStringFuncCallArgRector;
 use Rector\PHPUnit\CodeQuality\Rector\Class_\YieldDataProviderRector;
-use Rector\PHPUnit\Set\PHPUnitSetList;
 use Rector\Privatization\Rector\Property\PrivatizeFinalClassPropertyRector;
 use Rector\Strict\Rector\Empty_\DisallowedEmptyRuleFixerRector;
 use Rector\Strict\Rector\If_\BooleanInIfConditionRuleFixerRector;
@@ -56,11 +55,8 @@
 
 return RectorConfig::configure()
     ->withPhpSets(php81: true)
-    ->withPreparedSets(deadCode: true)
-    ->withSets([
-        PHPUnitSetList::PHPUNIT_CODE_QUALITY,
-        PHPUnitSetList::PHPUNIT_100,
-    ])
+    ->withPreparedSets(deadCode: true, instanceOf: true, strictBooleans: true, phpunitCodeQuality: true)
+    ->withComposerBased(phpunit: true)
     ->withParallel(120, 8, 10)
     ->withCache(
         // Github action cache or local
diff --git a/system/CLI/CLI.php b/system/CLI/CLI.php
index 236e5b685fff..1a349d4d3a4c 100644
--- a/system/CLI/CLI.php
+++ b/system/CLI/CLI.php
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ public static function prompt(string $field, $options = null, $validation = null
         }
 
         if (! is_array($validation)) {
-            $validation = $validation ? explode('|', $validation) : [];
+            $validation = $validation !== null && $validation !== '' && $validation !== '0' ? explode('|', $validation) : [];
         }
 
         if (is_string($options)) {
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ public static function promptByMultipleKeys(string $text, array $options): array
             // return the prompt again if $input contain(s) non-numeric character, except a comma.
             // And if max from $options less than max from input,
             // it means user tried to access null value in $options
-            if (! $pattern || $maxOptions < $maxInput) {
+            if ($pattern === 0 || $pattern === false || $maxOptions < $maxInput) {
                 static::error('Please select correctly.');
                 CLI::newLine();
 
diff --git a/system/Cache/Handlers/FileHandler.php b/system/Cache/Handlers/FileHandler.php
index fd0630a9982c..ea7c00e382e2 100644
--- a/system/Cache/Handlers/FileHandler.php
+++ b/system/Cache/Handlers/FileHandler.php
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ protected function deleteFiles(string $path, bool $delDir = false, bool $htdocs
             if ($filename !== '.' && $filename !== '..') {
                 if (is_dir($path . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $filename) && $filename[0] !== '.') {
                     $this->deleteFiles($path . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $filename, $delDir, $htdocs, $_level + 1);
-                } elseif (! $htdocs || ! preg_match('/^(\.htaccess|index\.(html|htm|php)|web\.config)$/i', $filename)) {
+                } elseif (! $htdocs || in_array(preg_match('/^(\.htaccess|index\.(html|htm|php)|web\.config)$/i', $filename), [0, false], true)) {
                     @unlink($path . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $filename);
                 }
             }
diff --git a/system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/AutoRouterImproved/ControllerMethodReader.php b/system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/AutoRouterImproved/ControllerMethodReader.php
index e08a16ff7a60..2755a389ffc3 100644
--- a/system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/AutoRouterImproved/ControllerMethodReader.php
+++ b/system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/AutoRouterImproved/ControllerMethodReader.php
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ private function getRouteForDefaultController(
         if ($classShortname === $defaultController) {
             $pattern                = '#' . preg_quote(lcfirst($defaultController), '#') . '\z#';
             $routeWithoutController = rtrim(preg_replace($pattern, '', $uriByClass), '/');
-            $routeWithoutController = $routeWithoutController ?: '/';
+            $routeWithoutController = $routeWithoutController !== '' && $routeWithoutController !== '0' ? $routeWithoutController : '/';
 
             [$params, $routeParams] = $this->getParameters($method);
 
diff --git a/system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/ControllerMethodReader.php b/system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/ControllerMethodReader.php
index c443b669465a..b40a832b4f48 100644
--- a/system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/ControllerMethodReader.php
+++ b/system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/ControllerMethodReader.php
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ private function getRouteWithoutController(
 
         $pattern                = '#' . preg_quote(lcfirst($defaultController), '#') . '\z#';
         $routeWithoutController = rtrim(preg_replace($pattern, '', $uriByClass), '/');
-        $routeWithoutController = $routeWithoutController ?: '/';
+        $routeWithoutController = $routeWithoutController !== '' && $routeWithoutController !== '0' ? $routeWithoutController : '/';
 
         return [[
             'route'   => $routeWithoutController,
diff --git a/system/Config/DotEnv.php b/system/Config/DotEnv.php
index db7152fd09d5..9c120afec523 100644
--- a/system/Config/DotEnv.php
+++ b/system/Config/DotEnv.php
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ public function parse(): ?array
      */
     protected function setVariable(string $name, string $value = '')
     {
-        if (! getenv($name, true)) {
+        if (in_array(getenv($name, true), ['', '0'], true) || getenv($name, true) === [] || getenv($name, true) === false) {
             putenv("{$name}={$value}");
         }
 
diff --git a/system/Config/Services.php b/system/Config/Services.php
index 61026de4292c..aa8c180a3388 100644
--- a/system/Config/Services.php
+++ b/system/Config/Services.php
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ public static function image(?string $handler = null, ?Images $config = null, bo
         $config ??= config(Images::class);
         assert($config instanceof Images);
 
-        $handler = $handler ?: $config->defaultHandler;
+        $handler = $handler !== null && $handler !== '' && $handler !== '0' ? $handler : $config->defaultHandler;
         $class   = $config->handlers[$handler];
 
         return new $class($config);
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ public static function language(?string $locale = null, bool $getShared = true)
         }
 
         // Use '?:' for empty string check
-        $locale = $locale ?: $requestLocale;
+        $locale = $locale !== null && $locale !== '' && $locale !== '0' ? $locale : $requestLocale;
 
         return new Language($locale);
     }
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ public static function parser(?string $viewPath = null, ?ViewConfig $config = nu
             return static::getSharedInstance('parser', $viewPath, $config);
         }
 
-        $viewPath = $viewPath ?: (new Paths())->viewDirectory;
+        $viewPath = $viewPath !== null && $viewPath !== '' && $viewPath !== '0' ? $viewPath : (new Paths())->viewDirectory;
         $config ??= config(ViewConfig::class);
 
         return new Parser($config, $viewPath, AppServices::get('locator'), CI_DEBUG, AppServices::get('logger'));
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ public static function renderer(?string $viewPath = null, ?ViewConfig $config =
             return static::getSharedInstance('renderer', $viewPath, $config);
         }
 
-        $viewPath = $viewPath ?: (new Paths())->viewDirectory;
+        $viewPath = $viewPath !== null && $viewPath !== '' && $viewPath !== '0' ? $viewPath : (new Paths())->viewDirectory;
         $config ??= config(ViewConfig::class);
 
         return new View($config, $viewPath, AppServices::get('locator'), CI_DEBUG, AppServices::get('logger'));
diff --git a/system/Cookie/Cookie.php b/system/Cookie/Cookie.php
index 01b10db19b65..d75cce26ac09 100644
--- a/system/Cookie/Cookie.php
+++ b/system/Cookie/Cookie.php
@@ -482,7 +482,7 @@ public function withNeverExpiring()
      */
     public function withPath(?string $path)
     {
-        $path = $path ?: self::$defaults['path'];
+        $path = $path !== null && $path !== '' && $path !== '0' ? $path : self::$defaults['path'];
         $this->validatePrefix($this->prefix, $this->secure, $path, $this->domain);
 
         $cookie = clone $this;
diff --git a/system/Database/BaseBuilder.php b/system/Database/BaseBuilder.php
index e52baa39f570..2b947ce952e2 100644
--- a/system/Database/BaseBuilder.php
+++ b/system/Database/BaseBuilder.php
@@ -1736,7 +1736,7 @@ public function countAllResults(bool $reset = true)
         // Restore the LIMIT setting
         $this->QBLimit = $limit;
 
-        $row = ! $result instanceof ResultInterface ? null : $result->getRow();
+        $row = $result instanceof ResultInterface ? $result->getRow() : null;
 
         if (empty($row)) {
             return 0;
@@ -3167,11 +3167,11 @@ protected function compileWhereHaving(string $qbKey): string
                     $op = $this->getOperator($condition);
                     if (
                         $op === false
-                        || ! preg_match(
+                        || in_array(preg_match(
                             '/^(\(?)(.*)(' . preg_quote($op, '/') . ')\s*(.*(?<!\)))?(\)?)$/i',
                             $condition,
                             $matches
-                        )
+                        ), [0, false], true)
                     ) {
                         continue;
                     }
diff --git a/system/Database/BaseConnection.php b/system/Database/BaseConnection.php
index 464791df2aaf..e38c682adb09 100644
--- a/system/Database/BaseConnection.php
+++ b/system/Database/BaseConnection.php
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ abstract protected function execute(string $sql);
      */
     public function query(string $sql, $binds = null, bool $setEscapeFlags = true, string $queryClass = '')
     {
-        $queryClass = $queryClass ?: $this->queryClass;
+        $queryClass = $queryClass !== '' && $queryClass !== '0' ? $queryClass : $this->queryClass;
 
         if (empty($this->connID)) {
             $this->initialize();
diff --git a/system/Database/Database.php b/system/Database/Database.php
index 23b6cd0f8d16..3d4840f2e595 100644
--- a/system/Database/Database.php
+++ b/system/Database/Database.php
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ protected function parseDSN(array $params): array
     {
         $dsn = parse_url($params['DSN']);
 
-        if (! $dsn) {
+        if ($dsn === 0 || ($dsn === '' || $dsn === '0') || $dsn === [] || $dsn === false || $dsn === null) {
             throw new InvalidArgumentException('Your DSN connection string is invalid.');
         }
 
diff --git a/system/Database/MigrationRunner.php b/system/Database/MigrationRunner.php
index cf736171a7cf..bd94607d9105 100644
--- a/system/Database/MigrationRunner.php
+++ b/system/Database/MigrationRunner.php
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ protected function migrationFromFile(string $path, string $namespace)
 
         $filename = basename($path, '.php');
 
-        if (! preg_match($this->regex, $filename)) {
+        if (in_array(preg_match($this->regex, $filename), [0, false], true)) {
             return false;
         }
 
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ protected function getMigrationNumber(string $migration): string
     {
         preg_match($this->regex, $migration, $matches);
 
-        return count($matches) ? $matches[1] : '0';
+        return $matches !== [] ? $matches[1] : '0';
     }
 
     /**
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ protected function getMigrationName(string $migration): string
     {
         preg_match($this->regex, $migration, $matches);
 
-        return count($matches) ? $matches[2] : '';
+        return $matches !== [] ? $matches[2] : '';
     }
 
     /**
@@ -725,7 +725,7 @@ public function getBatchStart(int $batch): string
             ->get()
             ->getResultObject();
 
-        return count($migration) ? $migration[0]->version : '0';
+        return count($migration) !== 0 ? $migration[0]->version : '0';
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/system/Database/MySQLi/Forge.php b/system/Database/MySQLi/Forge.php
index 3bde0c518daf..54c073389fd3 100644
--- a/system/Database/MySQLi/Forge.php
+++ b/system/Database/MySQLi/Forge.php
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ protected function _createTableAttributes(array $attributes): string
             }
         }
 
-        if ($this->db->charset !== '' && ! strpos($sql, 'CHARACTER SET') && ! strpos($sql, 'CHARSET')) {
+        if ($this->db->charset !== '' && in_array(strpos($sql, 'CHARACTER SET'), [0, false], true) && in_array(strpos($sql, 'CHARSET'), [0, false], true)) {
             $sql .= ' DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = ' . $this->db->escapeString($this->db->charset);
         }
 
-        if ($this->db->DBCollat !== '' && ! strpos($sql, 'COLLATE')) {
+        if ($this->db->DBCollat !== '' && in_array(strpos($sql, 'COLLATE'), [0, false], true)) {
             $sql .= ' COLLATE = ' . $this->db->escapeString($this->db->DBCollat);
         }
 
diff --git a/system/Database/Postgre/Connection.php b/system/Database/Postgre/Connection.php
index 2826ab1bf53c..8d2edc94296c 100644
--- a/system/Database/Postgre/Connection.php
+++ b/system/Database/Postgre/Connection.php
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ public function error(): array
     {
         return [
             'code'    => '',
-            'message' => pg_last_error($this->connID) ?: '',
+            'message' => ! in_array(pg_last_error($this->connID), ['', '0'], true) ? pg_last_error($this->connID) : '',
         ];
     }
 
diff --git a/system/Email/Email.php b/system/Email/Email.php
index b82779eb891d..a88a067763af 100644
--- a/system/Email/Email.php
+++ b/system/Email/Email.php
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ public function setFrom($from, $name = '', $returnPath = null)
 
         if ($name !== '') {
             // only use Q encoding if there are characters that would require it
-            if (! preg_match('/[\200-\377]/', $name)) {
+            if (in_array(preg_match('/[\200-\377]/', $name), [0, false], true)) {
                 $name = '"' . addcslashes($name, "\0..\37\177'\"\\") . '"';
             } else {
                 $name = $this->prepQEncoding($name);
@@ -532,7 +532,7 @@ public function setReplyTo($replyto, $name = '')
             $this->tmpArchive['replyName'] = $name;
 
             // only use Q encoding if there are characters that would require it
-            if (! preg_match('/[\200-\377]/', $name)) {
+            if (in_array(preg_match('/[\200-\377]/', $name), [0, false], true)) {
                 $name = '"' . addcslashes($name, "\0..\37\177'\"\\") . '"';
             } else {
                 $name = $this->prepQEncoding($name);
diff --git a/system/HTTP/Files/UploadedFile.php b/system/HTTP/Files/UploadedFile.php
index 78643aa7166e..0626aeb5581f 100644
--- a/system/HTTP/Files/UploadedFile.php
+++ b/system/HTTP/Files/UploadedFile.php
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ public function getTempName(): string
      */
     public function getExtension(): string
     {
-        return $this->guessExtension() ?: $this->getClientExtension();
+        return ! in_array($this->guessExtension(), ['', '0'], true) ? $this->guessExtension() : $this->getClientExtension();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/system/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php b/system/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php
index 45f07d186170..9daad33d0e18 100644
--- a/system/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php
+++ b/system/HTTP/ResponseTrait.php
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ public function getCookieStore()
      */
     public function hasCookie(string $name, ?string $value = null, string $prefix = ''): bool
     {
-        $prefix = $prefix ?: Cookie::setDefaults()['prefix']; // to retain BC
+        $prefix = $prefix !== '' && $prefix !== '0' ? $prefix : Cookie::setDefaults()['prefix']; // to retain BC
 
         return $this->cookieStore->has($name, $prefix, $value);
     }
@@ -586,7 +586,7 @@ public function getCookie(?string $name = null, string $prefix = '')
         }
 
         try {
-            $prefix = $prefix ?: Cookie::setDefaults()['prefix']; // to retain BC
+            $prefix = $prefix !== '' && $prefix !== '0' ? $prefix : Cookie::setDefaults()['prefix']; // to retain BC
 
             return $this->cookieStore->get($name, $prefix);
         } catch (CookieException $e) {
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ public function deleteCookie(string $name = '', string $domain = '', string $pat
             return $this;
         }
 
-        $prefix = $prefix ?: Cookie::setDefaults()['prefix']; // to retain BC
+        $prefix = $prefix !== '' && $prefix !== '0' ? $prefix : Cookie::setDefaults()['prefix']; // to retain BC
 
         $prefixed = $prefix . $name;
         $store    = $this->cookieStore;
diff --git a/system/HTTP/SiteURI.php b/system/HTTP/SiteURI.php
index 91b14bc05456..2be70a7773ef 100644
--- a/system/HTTP/SiteURI.php
+++ b/system/HTTP/SiteURI.php
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ public function siteUrl($relativePath = '', ?string $scheme = null, ?App $config
         $relativePath = $this->stringifyRelativePath($relativePath);
 
         // Check current host.
-        $host = ! $config instanceof App ? $this->getHost() : null;
+        $host = $config instanceof App ? null : $this->getHost();
 
         $config ??= config(App::class);
 
diff --git a/system/Helpers/filesystem_helper.php b/system/Helpers/filesystem_helper.php
index 4b0b49be6464..fded9f64ef20 100644
--- a/system/Helpers/filesystem_helper.php
+++ b/system/Helpers/filesystem_helper.php
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ function delete_files(string $path, bool $delDir = false, bool $htdocs = false,
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                if (! $htdocs || ! preg_match('/^(\.htaccess|index\.(html|htm|php)|web\.config)$/i', $filename)) {
+                if (! $htdocs || in_array(preg_match('/^(\.htaccess|index\.(html|htm|php)|web\.config)$/i', $filename), [0, false], true)) {
                     $isDir = $object->isDir();
                     if ($isDir && $delDir) {
                         rmdir($object->getPathname());
diff --git a/system/Helpers/form_helper.php b/system/Helpers/form_helper.php
index 58cd828e3faa..92651afb991c 100644
--- a/system/Helpers/form_helper.php
+++ b/system/Helpers/form_helper.php
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ function form_open(string $action = '', $attributes = [], array $hidden = []): s
         // Add CSRF field if enabled, but leave it out for GET requests and requests to external websites
         $before = service('filters')->getFilters()['before'];
 
-        if ((in_array('csrf', $before, true) || array_key_exists('csrf', $before)) && str_contains($action, base_url()) && ! stripos($form, 'method="get"')) {
+        if ((in_array('csrf', $before, true) || array_key_exists('csrf', $before)) && str_contains($action, base_url()) && in_array(stripos($form, 'method="get"'), [0, false], true)) {
             $form .= csrf_field($csrfId ?? null);
         }
 
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@ function parse_form_attributes($attributes, array $default): string
             if (! is_bool($val)) {
                 if ($key === 'value') {
                     $val = esc($val);
-                } elseif ($key === 'name' && ! strlen($default['name'])) {
+                } elseif ($key === 'name' && (string) $default['name'] === '') {
                     continue;
                 }
                 $att .= $key . '="' . $val . '"' . ($key === array_key_last($default) ? '' : ' ');
diff --git a/system/Helpers/html_helper.php b/system/Helpers/html_helper.php
index 30733acd5175..736960606457 100644
--- a/system/Helpers/html_helper.php
+++ b/system/Helpers/html_helper.php
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ function img($src = '', bool $indexPage = false, $attributes = ''): string
         $img = '<img';
 
         // Check for a relative URI
-        if (! preg_match('#^([a-z]+:)?//#i', $src['src']) && ! str_starts_with($src['src'], 'data:')) {
+        if (in_array(preg_match('#^([a-z]+:)?//#i', $src['src']), [0, false], true) && ! str_starts_with($src['src'], 'data:')) {
             if ($indexPage) {
                 $img .= ' src="' . site_url($src['src']) . '"';
             } else {
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ function script_tag($src = '', bool $indexPage = false): string
         }
 
         foreach ($src as $k => $v) {
-            if ($k === 'src' && ! preg_match('#^([a-z]+:)?//#i', $v)) {
+            if ($k === 'src' && in_array(preg_match('#^([a-z]+:)?//#i', $v), [0, false], true)) {
                 if ($indexPage) {
                     $script .= 'src="' . site_url($v) . '" ';
                 } else {
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ function link_tag(
             $href      = $href['href'] ?? '';
         }
 
-        if (! preg_match('#^([a-z]+:)?//#i', $href)) {
+        if (in_array(preg_match('#^([a-z]+:)?//#i', $href), [0, false], true)) {
             $attributes['href'] = $indexPage ? site_url($href) : slash_item('baseURL') . $href;
         } else {
             $attributes['href'] = $href;
diff --git a/system/Helpers/text_helper.php b/system/Helpers/text_helper.php
index 3de105736f57..e378cc67adb7 100644
--- a/system/Helpers/text_helper.php
+++ b/system/Helpers/text_helper.php
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@ function excerpt(string $text, ?string $phrase = null, int $radius = 100, string
             $count = ++$count + strlen($s);
         }
 
-        $ellPre = $phrase ? $ellipsis : '';
+        $ellPre = $phrase !== null && $phrase !== '' && $phrase !== '0' ? $ellipsis : '';
 
         return str_replace('  ', ' ', $ellPre . $prev . $phrase . $post . $ellipsis);
     }
diff --git a/system/I18n/TimeTrait.php b/system/I18n/TimeTrait.php
index fefb2fc544a3..354b7542e755 100644
--- a/system/I18n/TimeTrait.php
+++ b/system/I18n/TimeTrait.php
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ trait TimeTrait
      */
     public function __construct(?string $time = null, $timezone = null, ?string $locale = null)
     {
-        $this->locale = $locale ?: Locale::getDefault();
+        $this->locale = $locale !== null && $locale !== '' && $locale !== '0' ? $locale : Locale::getDefault();
 
         $time ??= '';
 
@@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ public function sameAs($testTime, ?string $timezone = null): bool
         if ($testTime instanceof DateTimeInterface) {
             $testTime = $testTime->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
         } elseif (is_string($testTime)) {
-            $timezone = $timezone ?: $this->timezone;
+            $timezone = $timezone !== null && $timezone !== '' && $timezone !== '0' ? $timezone : $this->timezone;
             $timezone = $timezone instanceof DateTimeZone ? $timezone : new DateTimeZone($timezone);
             $testTime = new DateTime($testTime, $timezone);
             $testTime = $testTime->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');
@@ -1108,7 +1108,7 @@ public function getUTCObject($time, ?string $timezone = null)
         if ($time instanceof self) {
             $time = $time->toDateTime();
         } elseif (is_string($time)) {
-            $timezone = $timezone ?: $this->timezone;
+            $timezone = $timezone !== null && $timezone !== '' && $timezone !== '0' ? $timezone : $this->timezone;
             $timezone = $timezone instanceof DateTimeZone ? $timezone : new DateTimeZone($timezone);
             $time     = new DateTime($time, $timezone);
         }
diff --git a/system/Images/Image.php b/system/Images/Image.php
index ec6d4b8fa5c0..1f857b00f780 100644
--- a/system/Images/Image.php
+++ b/system/Images/Image.php
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public function getProperties(bool $return = false)
     {
         $path = $this->getPathname();
 
-        if (! $vals = getimagesize($path)) {
+        if ($vals = getimagesize($path) === [] || $vals = getimagesize($path) === false) {
             throw ImageException::forFileNotSupported();
         }
 
diff --git a/system/Router/AutoRouter.php b/system/Router/AutoRouter.php
index bb47bf96c89a..19654adae1e2 100644
--- a/system/Router/AutoRouter.php
+++ b/system/Router/AutoRouter.php
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public function getRoute(string $uri, string $httpVerb): array
         if ($httpVerb !== 'CLI') {
             $controller = '\\' . $this->defaultNamespace;
 
-            $controller .= $this->directory ? str_replace('/', '\\', $this->directory) : '';
+            $controller .= $this->directory !== null && $this->directory !== '' && $this->directory !== '0' ? str_replace('/', '\\', $this->directory) : '';
             $controller .= $controllerName;
 
             $controller = strtolower($controller);
diff --git a/system/Router/RouteCollection.php b/system/Router/RouteCollection.php
index ad5c01a4858f..fae2a7a2934a 100644
--- a/system/Router/RouteCollection.php
+++ b/system/Router/RouteCollection.php
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ public function getRoutesOptions(?string $from = null, ?string $verb = null): ar
     {
         $options = $this->loadRoutesOptions($verb);
 
-        return $from ? $options[$from] ?? [] : $options;
+        return $from !== null && $from !== '' && $from !== '0' ? $options[$from] ?? [] : $options;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1329,7 +1329,7 @@ protected function fillRouteParams(string $from, ?array $params = null): string
         $patterns = $matches[0];
 
         foreach ($patterns as $index => $pattern) {
-            if (! preg_match('#^' . $pattern . '$#u', $params[$index])) {
+            if (in_array(preg_match('#^' . $pattern . '$#u', $params[$index]), [0, false], true)) {
                 throw RouterException::forInvalidParameterType();
             }
 
@@ -1391,7 +1391,7 @@ protected function buildReverseRoute(string $from, array $params): string
             // or maybe $placeholder is not a placeholder, but a regex.
             $pattern = $this->placeholders[$placeholderName] ?? $placeholder;
 
-            if (! preg_match('#^' . $pattern . '$#u', (string) $params[$index])) {
+            if (in_array(preg_match('#^' . $pattern . '$#u', (string) $params[$index]), [0, false], true)) {
                 throw RouterException::forInvalidParameterType();
             }
 
diff --git a/system/Session/Handlers/FileHandler.php b/system/Session/Handlers/FileHandler.php
index 4dbec779526a..e0e52442569f 100644
--- a/system/Session/Handlers/FileHandler.php
+++ b/system/Session/Handlers/FileHandler.php
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ public function gc($max_lifetime)
 
         while (($file = readdir($directory)) !== false) {
             // If the filename doesn't match this pattern, it's either not a session file or is not ours
-            if (! preg_match($pattern, $file)
+            if (in_array(preg_match($pattern, $file), [0, false], true)
                 || ! is_file($this->savePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file)
                 || ($mtime = filemtime($this->savePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file)) === false
                 || $mtime > $ts
diff --git a/system/Session/Handlers/MemcachedHandler.php b/system/Session/Handlers/MemcachedHandler.php
index 79bb4ca4613f..8e8b575aff31 100644
--- a/system/Session/Handlers/MemcachedHandler.php
+++ b/system/Session/Handlers/MemcachedHandler.php
@@ -93,12 +93,12 @@ public function open($path, $name): bool
         }
 
         if (
-            ! preg_match_all(
+            in_array(preg_match_all(
                 '#,?([^,:]+)\:(\d{1,5})(?:\:(\d+))?#',
                 $this->savePath,
                 $matches,
                 PREG_SET_ORDER
-            )
+            ), [0, false], true)
         ) {
             $this->memcached = null;
             $this->logger->error('Session: Invalid Memcached save path format: ' . $this->savePath);
diff --git a/system/Session/Session.php b/system/Session/Session.php
index 60e4dbef4101..ca26c44df420 100644
--- a/system/Session/Session.php
+++ b/system/Session/Session.php
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ public function start()
 
         // Sanitize the cookie, because apparently PHP doesn't do that for userspace handlers
         if (isset($_COOKIE[$this->config->cookieName])
-            && (! is_string($_COOKIE[$this->config->cookieName]) || ! preg_match('#\A' . $this->sidRegexp . '\z#', $_COOKIE[$this->config->cookieName]))
+            && (! is_string($_COOKIE[$this->config->cookieName]) || in_array(preg_match('#\A' . $this->sidRegexp . '\z#', $_COOKIE[$this->config->cookieName]), [0, false], true))
         ) {
             unset($_COOKIE[$this->config->cookieName]);
         }
diff --git a/system/Test/CIUnitTestCase.php b/system/Test/CIUnitTestCase.php
index 62c0fff83844..faa1a0bd5fbe 100644
--- a/system/Test/CIUnitTestCase.php
+++ b/system/Test/CIUnitTestCase.php
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ public function assertLogContains(string $level, string $logMessage, string $mes
     {
         $this->assertTrue(
             TestLogger::didLog($level, $logMessage, false),
-            $message ?: sprintf(
+            $message !== '' && $message !== '0' ? $message : sprintf(
                 'Failed asserting that logs have a record of message containing "%s" with level "%s".',
                 $logMessage,
                 $level
diff --git a/system/Typography/Typography.php b/system/Typography/Typography.php
index c8ca5131171c..be2d0b36c7da 100644
--- a/system/Typography/Typography.php
+++ b/system/Typography/Typography.php
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ public function autoTypography(string $str, bool $reduceLinebreaks = false): str
         }
 
         // No opening block level tag? Add it if needed.
-        if (! preg_match('/^\s*<(?:' . $this->blockElements . ')/i', $str)) {
+        if (in_array(preg_match('/^\s*<(?:' . $this->blockElements . ')/i', $str), [0, false], true)) {
             $str = preg_replace('/^(.*?)<(' . $this->blockElements . ')/i', '<p>$1</p><$2', $str);
         }
 
diff --git a/system/Validation/Rules.php b/system/Validation/Rules.php
index 715e2e51c7e1..7ee680d90698 100644
--- a/system/Validation/Rules.php
+++ b/system/Validation/Rules.php
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public function is_not_unique($str, string $field, array $data): bool
         if (
             $whereField !== null && $whereField !== ''
             && $whereValue !== null && $whereValue !== ''
-            && ! preg_match('/^\{(\w+)\}$/', $whereValue)
+            && in_array(preg_match('/^\{(\w+)\}$/', $whereValue), [0, false], true)
         ) {
             $row = $row->where($whereField, $whereValue);
         }
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ public function is_unique($str, string $field, array $data): bool
         if (
             $ignoreField !== null && $ignoreField !== ''
             && $ignoreValue !== null && $ignoreValue !== ''
-            && ! preg_match('/^\{(\w+)\}$/', $ignoreValue)
+            && in_array(preg_match('/^\{(\w+)\}$/', $ignoreValue), [0, false], true)
         ) {
             $row = $row->where("{$ignoreField} !=", $ignoreValue);
         }
diff --git a/system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php b/system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
index ec02a4e0a0ac..3bc130bd93e4 100644
--- a/system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
+++ b/system/Validation/StrictRules/Rules.php
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ public function is_not_unique($str, string $field, array $data): bool
         if (
             $whereField !== null && $whereField !== ''
             && $whereValue !== null && $whereValue !== ''
-            && ! preg_match('/^\{(\w+)\}$/', $whereValue)
+            && in_array(preg_match('/^\{(\w+)\}$/', $whereValue), [0, false], true)
         ) {
             $row = $row->where($whereField, $whereValue);
         }
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ public function is_unique($str, string $field, array $data): bool
         if (
             $ignoreField !== null && $ignoreField !== ''
             && $ignoreValue !== null && $ignoreValue !== ''
-            && ! preg_match('/^\{(\w+)\}$/', $ignoreValue)
+            && in_array(preg_match('/^\{(\w+)\}$/', $ignoreValue), [0, false], true)
         ) {
             $row = $row->where("{$ignoreField} !=", $ignoreValue);
         }
diff --git a/system/Validation/Validation.php b/system/Validation/Validation.php
index a942a32bceea..c00329d670bb 100644
--- a/system/Validation/Validation.php
+++ b/system/Validation/Validation.php
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ public function run(?array $data = null, ?string $group = null, $dbGroup = null)
                 );
 
                 // if keys not found
-                $values = $values ?: [$field => null];
+                $values = $values !== [] ? $values : [$field => null];
             } else {
                 $values = dot_array_search($field, $data);
             }
diff --git a/system/View/Parser.php b/system/View/Parser.php
index 8a26cf825d3f..80af795bceb8 100644
--- a/system/View/Parser.php
+++ b/system/View/Parser.php
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ public function shouldAddEscaping(string $key)
             $escape = false;
         }
         // If no `esc` filter is found, then we'll need to add one.
-        elseif (! preg_match('/\s+esc/u', $key)) {
+        elseif (in_array(preg_match('/\s+esc/u', $key), [0, false], true)) {
             $escape = 'html';
         }
 
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ protected function parsePlugins(string $template)
              *   $matches[1] = all parameters string in opening tag
              *   $matches[2] = content between the tags to send to the plugin.
              */
-            if (! preg_match_all($pattern, $template, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER)) {
+            if (in_array(preg_match_all($pattern, $template, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER), [0, false], true)) {
                 continue;
             }
 
diff --git a/utils/phpstan-baseline/booleanNot.exprNotBoolean.neon b/utils/phpstan-baseline/booleanNot.exprNotBoolean.neon
index 41a36091437c..b645d7d0a2b4 100644
--- a/utils/phpstan-baseline/booleanNot.exprNotBoolean.neon
+++ b/utils/phpstan-baseline/booleanNot.exprNotBoolean.neon
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# total 13 errors
+# total 12 errors
 
 parameters:
     ignoreErrors:
@@ -27,11 +27,6 @@ parameters:
             count: 1
             path: ../../system/Filters/Filters.php
 
-        -
-            message: '#^Only booleans are allowed in a negated boolean, int\<0, max\> given\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Helpers/form_helper.php
-
         -
             message: '#^Only booleans are allowed in a negated boolean, CodeIgniter\\CodeIgniter given\.$#'
             count: 1
diff --git a/utils/phpstan-baseline/identical.alwaysFalse.neon b/utils/phpstan-baseline/identical.alwaysFalse.neon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a048001eed03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/phpstan-baseline/identical.alwaysFalse.neon
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# total 1 error
+
+parameters:
+    ignoreErrors:
+        -
+            message: '#^Strict comparison using \=\=\= between array\{0\: int\<0, max\>, 1\: int\<0, max\>, 2\: int, 3\: string, mime\: string, channels\?\: int, bits\?\: int\}\|false and array\{\} will always evaluate to false\.$#'
+            count: 1
+            path: ../../system/Images/Image.php
diff --git a/utils/phpstan-baseline/loader.neon b/utils/phpstan-baseline/loader.neon
index 40d901a7ab2d..c86c433953da 100644
--- a/utils/phpstan-baseline/loader.neon
+++ b/utils/phpstan-baseline/loader.neon
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ includes:
     - generator.returnType.neon
     - generator.valueType.neon
     - greaterOrEqual.invalid.neon
+    - identical.alwaysFalse.neon
     - if.condNotBoolean.neon
     - isset.offset.neon
     - isset.property.neon
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ includes:
     - nullCoalesce.expr.neon
     - nullCoalesce.property.neon
     - nullCoalesce.variable.neon
+    - offsetAccess.nonOffsetAccessible.neon
     - offsetAccess.notFound.neon
     - parameterByRef.unusedType.neon
     - property.defaultValue.neon
diff --git a/utils/phpstan-baseline/offsetAccess.nonOffsetAccessible.neon b/utils/phpstan-baseline/offsetAccess.nonOffsetAccessible.neon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9aa901319837
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/phpstan-baseline/offsetAccess.nonOffsetAccessible.neon
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# total 4 errors
+
+parameters:
+    ignoreErrors:
+        -
+            message: '#^Cannot access offset 0 on false\.$#'
+            count: 2
+            path: ../../system/Images/Image.php
+
+        -
+            message: '#^Cannot access offset 1 on false\.$#'
+            count: 2
+            path: ../../system/Images/Image.php
+
+        -
+            message: '#^Cannot access offset 2 on false\.$#'
+            count: 3
+            path: ../../system/Images/Image.php
+
+        -
+            message: '#^Cannot access offset 3 on false\.$#'
+            count: 2
+            path: ../../system/Images/Image.php
diff --git a/utils/phpstan-baseline/ternary.condNotBoolean.neon b/utils/phpstan-baseline/ternary.condNotBoolean.neon
index 97d5bc785dac..8e0254deec41 100644
--- a/utils/phpstan-baseline/ternary.condNotBoolean.neon
+++ b/utils/phpstan-baseline/ternary.condNotBoolean.neon
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# total 8 errors
+# total 3 errors
 
 parameters:
     ignoreErrors:
@@ -7,16 +7,6 @@ parameters:
             count: 1
             path: ../../system/BaseModel.php
 
-        -
-            message: '#^Only booleans are allowed in a ternary operator condition, string\|null given\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/CLI/CLI.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Only booleans are allowed in a ternary operator condition, int\<0, max\> given\.$#'
-            count: 3
-            path: ../../system/Database/MigrationRunner.php
-
         -
             message: '#^Only booleans are allowed in a ternary operator condition, string\|null given\.$#'
             count: 1
@@ -26,18 +16,3 @@ parameters:
             message: '#^Only booleans are allowed in a ternary operator condition, int\|null given\.$#'
             count: 1
             path: ../../system/HTTP/OutgoingRequest.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Only booleans are allowed in a ternary operator condition, string\|null given\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Helpers/text_helper.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Only booleans are allowed in a ternary operator condition, string\|null given\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Router/AutoRouter.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Only booleans are allowed in a ternary operator condition, string\|null given\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Router/RouteCollection.php
diff --git a/utils/phpstan-baseline/ternary.shortNotAllowed.neon b/utils/phpstan-baseline/ternary.shortNotAllowed.neon
index 15e447d499c0..a3dfc431cd94 100644
--- a/utils/phpstan-baseline/ternary.shortNotAllowed.neon
+++ b/utils/phpstan-baseline/ternary.shortNotAllowed.neon
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# total 34 errors
+# total 27 errors
 
 parameters:
     ignoreErrors:
@@ -17,16 +17,6 @@ parameters:
             count: 1
             path: ../../system/Commands/Utilities/Namespaces.php
 
-        -
-            message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/AutoRouterImproved/ControllerMethodReader.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Commands/Utilities/Routes/ControllerMethodReader.php
-
         -
             message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
             count: 2
@@ -35,23 +25,8 @@ parameters:
         -
             message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
             count: 4
-            path: ../../system/Config/Services.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 5
             path: ../../system/Cookie/Cookie.php
 
-        -
-            message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Database/BaseConnection.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Database/Postgre/Connection.php
-
         -
             message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
             count: 1
@@ -79,12 +54,7 @@ parameters:
 
         -
             message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/HTTP/Files/UploadedFile.php
-
-        -
-            message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 5
+            count: 2
             path: ../../system/HTTP/Response.php
 
         -
@@ -94,12 +64,12 @@ parameters:
 
         -
             message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 4
+            count: 1
             path: ../../system/I18n/Time.php
 
         -
             message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 4
+            count: 1
             path: ../../system/I18n/TimeLegacy.php
 
         -
@@ -117,11 +87,6 @@ parameters:
             count: 1
             path: ../../system/Session/Session.php
 
-        -
-            message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 1
-            path: ../../system/Test/CIUnitTestCase.php
-
         -
             message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
             count: 2
@@ -129,7 +94,7 @@ parameters:
 
         -
             message: '#^Short ternary operator is not allowed\. Use null coalesce operator if applicable or consider using long ternary\.$#'
-            count: 2
+            count: 1
             path: ../../system/Validation/Validation.php
 
         -
diff --git a/utils/src/Rector/UnderscoreToCamelCaseVariableNameRector.php b/utils/src/Rector/UnderscoreToCamelCaseVariableNameRector.php
index 1e1469c7f615..381a7dfb3a1c 100644
--- a/utils/src/Rector/UnderscoreToCamelCaseVariableNameRector.php
+++ b/utils/src/Rector/UnderscoreToCamelCaseVariableNameRector.php
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ private function updateDocblock(string $variableName, string $camelCaseName, ?Fu
             return;
         }
 
-        if (! preg_match(sprintf(self::PARAM_NAME_REGEX, $variableName), $docCommentText)) {
+        if (in_array(preg_match(sprintf(self::PARAM_NAME_REGEX, $variableName), $docCommentText), [0, false], true)) {
             return;
         }