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01-freqlist.html
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01-freqlist.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head>
<script src="01-freqlist_files/libs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script src="01-freqlist_files/libs/quarto-html/tabby.min.js"></script>
<script src="01-freqlist_files/libs/quarto-html/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="01-freqlist_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.umd.min.js"></script>
<link href="01-freqlist_files/libs/quarto-html/tippy.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="01-freqlist_files/libs/quarto-html/light-border.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="01-freqlist_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto-html.min.css" rel="stylesheet" data-mode="light">
<link href="01-freqlist_files/libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting.css" rel="stylesheet" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles"><meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.4.550">
<meta name="author" content="Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg">
<meta name="dcterms.date" content="2024-07-20">
<title>Frequency List</title>
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="01-freqlist_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reset.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="01-freqlist_files/libs/revealjs/dist/reveal.css">
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
div.columns{display: flex; gap: min(4vw, 1.5em);}
div.column{flex: auto; overflow-x: auto;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
ul.task-list li input[type="checkbox"] {
width: 0.8em;
margin: 0 0.8em 0.2em -1em; /* quarto-specific, see https://github.com/quarto-dev/quarto-cli/issues/4556 */
vertical-align: middle;
}
/* CSS for citations */
div.csl-bib-body { }
div.csl-entry {
clear: both;
margin-bottom: 0em;
}
.hanging-indent div.csl-entry {
margin-left:2em;
text-indent:-2em;
}
div.csl-left-margin {
min-width:2em;
float:left;
}
div.csl-right-inline {
margin-left:2em;
padding-left:1em;
}
div.csl-indent {
margin-left: 2em;
} </style>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="01-freqlist_files/libs/revealjs/dist/theme/quarto.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
<link href="01-freqlist_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-line-highlight/line-highlight.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="01-freqlist_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/menu.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="01-freqlist_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/reveal-menu/quarto-menu.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="01-freqlist_files/libs/revealjs/plugin/quarto-support/footer.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style type="text/css">
.callout {
margin-top: 1em;
margin-bottom: 1em;
border-radius: .25rem;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple {
padding: 0em 0.5em;
border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
border-right: solid 1px silver;
border-top: solid 1px silver;
border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
display: flex;
}
.callout.callout-style-default {
border-left: solid #acacac .3rem;
border-right: solid 1px silver;
border-top: solid 1px silver;
border-bottom: solid 1px silver;
}
.callout .callout-body-container {
flex-grow: 1;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple .callout-body {
font-size: 1rem;
font-weight: 400;
}
.callout.callout-style-default .callout-body {
font-size: 0.9rem;
font-weight: 400;
}
.callout.callout-titled.callout-style-simple .callout-body {
margin-top: 0.2em;
}
.callout:not(.callout-titled) .callout-body {
display: flex;
}
.callout:not(.no-icon).callout-titled.callout-style-simple .callout-content {
padding-left: 1.6em;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-header {
padding-top: 0.2em;
margin-bottom: -0.2em;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-title p {
margin-top: 0.5em;
margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-titled.callout-style-simple .callout-content p {
margin-top: 0;
}
.callout.callout-titled.callout-style-default .callout-content p {
margin-top: 0.7em;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple div.callout-title {
border-bottom: none;
font-size: .9rem;
font-weight: 600;
opacity: 75%;
}
.callout.callout-style-default div.callout-title {
border-bottom: none;
font-weight: 600;
opacity: 85%;
font-size: 0.9rem;
padding-left: 0.5em;
padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-style-default div.callout-content {
padding-left: 0.5em;
padding-right: 0.5em;
}
.callout.callout-style-simple .callout-icon::before {
height: 1rem;
width: 1rem;
display: inline-block;
content: "";
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 1rem 1rem;
}
.callout.callout-style-default .callout-icon::before {
height: 0.9rem;
width: 0.9rem;
display: inline-block;
content: "";
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-size: 0.9rem 0.9rem;
}
.callout-title {
display: flex
}
.callout-icon::before {
margin-top: 1rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
.callout.no-icon::before {
display: none !important;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-body > .callout-content > :last-child {
padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.callout.callout-titled .callout-icon::before {
margin-top: .5rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
.callout:not(.callout-titled) .callout-icon::before {
margin-top: 1rem;
padding-right: .5rem;
}
/* Callout Types */
div.callout-note {
border-left-color: #4582ec !important;
}
div.callout-note .callout-icon::before {
background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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');
}
div.callout-note.callout-style-default .callout-title {
background-color: #dae6fb
}
div.callout-important {
border-left-color: #d9534f !important;
}
div.callout-important .callout-icon::before {
background-image: url('data:image/png;base64,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');
}
div.callout-important.callout-style-default .callout-title {
background-color: #f7dddc
}
div.callout-warning {
border-left-color: #f0ad4e !important;
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<body class="quarto-light">
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section id="title-slide" class="quarto-title-block center">
<h1 class="title">Frequency List</h1>
<div class="quarto-title-authors">
<div class="quarto-title-author">
<div class="quarto-title-author-name">
<a href="https://www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/people/gede-rajeg">Gede Primahadi Wijaya Rajeg</a> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-8621" class="quarto-title-author-orcid"> <img src="data:image/png;base64,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"></a>
</div>
<p class="quarto-title-affiliation">
<a href="https://www.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/people/gede-rajeg" target="_blank" style="color:DodgerBlue;">University of Oxford</a> / <a href="https://www.cirhss.org/" target="_blank" style="color:DodgerBlue;">CIRHSS</a> & <a href="https://github.com/complexico" target="_blank" style="color:DodgerBlue;">CompLexico</a>, Udayana University
</p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="date">2024-07-20</p>
</section>
<section id="outline" class="slide level2">
<h2>Outline</h2>
<div>
<ol type="1">
<li class="fragment"><p>What is a frequency list?</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>Two basic types of frequency</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>Frequency of different linguistic units</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>Examples of uses of frequency list</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>Demo & Practice</p></li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section id="what-is-a-frequency-list" class="slide level2">
<h2>What is a frequency list?</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>“The most basic corpus-linguistic tool” <span class="citation" data-cites="gries2017">(<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">Gries 2017: 12</a>)</span></p></li>
<li><p>How often a given <u>linguistic unit</u> occurs in a corpus</p>
<ul>
<li>Often, this unit is a <em>word</em></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="what-is-a-frequency-list-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>What is a frequency list?</h2>
<img data-src="img/01-freqlist-simple.png" class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-left r-stretch"><p class="caption"><em>Words</em> (starting with <code>gl</code>) and their frequency of occurrences</p></section>
<section>
<section id="but-whats-a-word" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>But, what’s a word? 🤔</h1>
</section>
<section id="what-is-a-word" class="slide level2">
<h2>What is a word?</h2>
<div>
<div class="extrapad">
<ul>
<li class="fragment"><p>“entities in text that are separated by either white-space or punctuation.” <span class="citation" data-cites="weisser2016">(<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">Weisser 2016: 147</a>)</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">how about: <em>can’t</em>, <em>widely-held</em>, <em>co-operate</em>, or <em>white-space</em>?</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="what-is-a-word-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>What is a word?</h2>
<h3 id="english-compound"><em>English compound</em></h3>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment"><p><strong>written together</strong>: <em>icecream</em> (14,590 matches)</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p><strong>hypenated</strong>: <em>ice-cream</em> (55,506 matches)</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p><strong>separated by white-space</strong>: <em>ice cream</em> (676,402 matches)</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Searches done in <em>English Web 2021</em> in Sketch Engine (SE)</p>
</section>
<section id="what-is-a-word-2" class="slide level2">
<h2>What is a word?</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Practical consideration: <em>tool-specific</em></p></li>
<li><p>In SE:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>“begin with a letter of the alphabet” (<a href="https://www.sketchengine.eu/my_keywords/word/" class="uri">https://www.sketchengine.eu/my_keywords/word/</a>)</p></li>
<li><p>Examples: <em>book</em>, <em>working</em>, <em>Mary</em>, <em>T-shirt</em>, <em>post-1945</em>, <em>mp3</em> or <em>CO2</em></p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Methodological consideration:</p>
<ul>
<li>be explicit about word criteria (e.g., in the tool used)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="outline-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Outline</h2>
<div>
<p><del>1. What is a frequency list?</del></p>
<ol start="2" type="1">
<li><p>Two basic types of frequency</p></li>
<li><p>Frequency of different linguistic units</p></li>
<li><p>Examples of uses of frequency list</p></li>
<li><p>Demo & Practice</p></li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section id="two-basic-types-of-frequency" class="slide level2">
<h2>Two basic types of frequency</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>Types vs. Tokens <span class="citation" data-cites="cheng2012 gries2017">(cf. <a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">Cheng 2012: 62</a>; <a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">Gries 2017: 12</a>)</span></p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>Types: the number of unique/distinct words in a corpus</p></li>
<li><p>Tokens:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>the total occurrences of all (unique) words in a corpus</p></li>
<li><p>the total occurrences of <strong>a</strong> (unique) word in a corpus</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="two-basic-types-of-frequency-1" class="slide level2">
<h2>Two basic types of frequency</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>Types vs. Tokens <span class="citation" data-cites="cheng2012 gries2017">(cf. <a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">Cheng 2012: 62</a>; <a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">Gries 2017: 12</a>)</span></p>
</blockquote>
<p><em>The sky is sky blue while the estuary is turquoise.</em></p>
<div>
<ul>
<li class="fragment"><p>Tokens: 10 (2 tokens of <em>sky</em>, 2 tokens of <em>the</em>, 2 tokens of <em>is</em>, …)</p></li>
<li class="fragment"><p>Types: 7 (<em>the</em>, <em>sky</em>, <em>is</em>, <em>blue</em>, …)</p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p><img data-src="img/02-bak-blau-Enggano.JPG" class="absolute" style="bottom: 40px; right: 0px; width: 50%; "></p>
<div class="absolute" style="font-size:.4em;bottom: 10px; right: 0px; ">
<p>The estuary of the Bak Blau lake, on the Enggano island, Indonesia.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="two-basic-types-of-frequency-2" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Two basic types of frequency</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>absolute vs. relative</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>absolute frequency:</p>
<ul>
<li>real, observed freq. of an item in the (sub)corpus</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>relative frequency:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>normalised frequency of an item on the basis of a base frequency (usually 1 million word-tokens) (cf. <a href="https://www.sketchengine.eu/my_keywords/freqmill/">SE’s page here</a> for the formula)</p></li>
<li><p>often used in comparing frequency of the same word in two different corpus that are not equal in size</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>SE allows both options.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="two-basic-types-of-frequency-3" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Two basic types of frequency</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>absolute vs. relative</p>
</blockquote>
<p>How to compute the relative frequency of a linguistic item</p>
<p><span class="math display">\[
Rel. Freq = \frac{absolute frequency \times 1,000,000}{corpus size}
\]</span></p>
</section>
<section id="two-basic-types-of-frequency-4" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Two basic types of frequency</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>absolute vs. relative</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="relative-frequency-examples">Relative frequency: Examples</h3>
<p>Say, in the ICE-GB corpus, you found the following <span class="citation" data-cites="gries2010">(see <a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">Gries 2010: 271</a>)</span> :</p>
<ul>
<li><p>297 tokens of <em>give</em> (in the <strong>spoken</strong> sub-corpus)</p></li>
<li><p>144 tokens of <em>give</em> (in the <strong>written</strong> sub-corpus)</p></li>
<li><p>128 tokens of <em>bring</em> (in the <strong>spoken</strong> sub-corpus)</p></li>
<li><p>69 tokens of <em>bring</em> (in the <strong>written</strong> sub-corpus)</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The size of <span style="color:crimson">ICE-GB<sub>spoken</sub> is 637,682</span> (word-tokens) while the size of <span style="color:crimson">ICE-GB<sub>written</sub> is 423,581</span> (word-tokens). The relative frequencies of <em>give</em> and <em>bring</em> in the two sub-corpora become:</p>
<p><span class="math display">\[
give_s : \frac{297 \times 1,000,000}{637,682} \approx 465.75
\]</span></p>
<p><span class="math display">\[
give_w : \frac{144 \times 1,000,000}{423,581} \approx 339.96
\]</span></p>
<p><span class="math display">\[
bring_s : \frac{128 \times 1,000,000}{637,682} \approx 200.73
\]</span></p>
<p><span class="math display">\[
bring_w : \frac{69 \times 1,000,000}{423,581} \approx 162.9
\]</span></p>
</section>
<section id="two-basic-types-of-frequency-5" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Two basic types of frequency</h2>
<div class="panel-tabset">
<ul id="tabset-1" class="panel-tabset-tabby"><li><a data-tabby-default="" href="#tabset-1-1">Take away</a></li><li><a href="#tabset-1-2">Examples</a></li></ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<div id="tabset-1-1">
<p>Important to know how to compute relative frequency!</p>
<p>Sometimes (most of the time?), the corpus-software tool we use <strong>cannot</strong> do what we want.</p>
</div>
<div id="tabset-1-2">
<div class="cell">
<div class="cell-output-display">
<div class="quarto-figure quarto-figure-center">
<figure>
<p><img data-src="img/03-rajeg-denistia-2023.png" style="width:7in;height:4in"></p>
<figcaption>Productivity analysis (based on <strong>relative type frequency</strong>) of four Indonesian verbal prefixes across genres <span class="citation" data-cites="rajeg2023">(<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">Rajeg & Denistia 2023</a>)</span>.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="outline-2" class="slide level2">
<h2>Outline</h2>
<div>
<p><del>1. What is a frequency list?</del></p>
<p><del>2. Two basic types of frequency</del></p>
<ol start="3" type="1">
<li><p>Frequency of different linguistic units</p></li>
<li><p>Examples of uses of frequency list</p></li>
<li><p>Demo & Practice</p></li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section id="frequency-of-different-linguistic-units" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Frequency of different linguistic units</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>words</p>
<ul>
<li><p>words and their word class (i.e., part-of-speech)</p></li>
<li><p>words containing particular strings/characters (e.g., prefixes/suffixes)</p></li>
<li><p>…</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>lemmas</p>
<ul>
<li><p>the base/uninflected form of words from a given part-of-speech</p>
<ul>
<li>the verbs <em>go</em>, <em>went</em>, <em>going</em>, <em>gone</em>, <em>goes</em> are word-forms for the same lemma GO</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>n-grams (multi-word units with n-number of components)</p>
<ul>
<li><em>part of the</em>, <em>for the purposes</em>, <em>on behalf of the</em>, …</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>word sequence, phrases</p>
<ul>
<li><p>phrases containing a fixed word</p></li>
<li><p>…</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="outline-3" class="slide level2">
<h2>Outline</h2>
<div>
<p><del>1. What is a frequency list?</del></p>
<p><del>2. Two basic types of frequency</del></p>
<p><del>3. Frequency of different linguistic units</del></p>
<ol start="4" type="1">
<li><p>Examples of uses of frequency list</p></li>
<li><p>Demo & Practice</p></li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section id="uses-of-word-frequency-list" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Uses of (word-)frequency list</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>List of frequently occurring lexical items (e.g., General Service List [West 1953], Academic Word List [Coxhead 2000])</p></li>
<li><p>Usage-based Cognitive Linguistics</p>
<ul>
<li>degree of productivity (based on type frequency) and cognitive entrenchment (based on token frequency) of certain linguistic units</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Choosing experimental stimuli</p></li>
<li><p>Spelling error correction</p></li>
<li><p>Determining vocabulary sizes of learners</p></li>
<li><p>Selection and ordering of language features in course textbooks</p></li>
<li><p>In other corpus linguistic tools: keyword and collocation statistics</p></li>
<li><p>…</p></li>
</ul>
<p>See Gries <span class="citation" data-cites="gries2017">(<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">2017: 13–14</a>)</span> and Miller <span class="citation" data-cites="miller2020">(<a href="#/references" role="doc-biblioref" onclick="">2020: 77–78</a>)</span> for details</p>
</section>
<section id="outline-4" class="slide level2">
<h2>Outline</h2>
<div>
<p><del>1. What is a frequency list?</del></p>
<p><del>2. Two basic types of frequency</del></p>
<p><del>3. Frequency of different linguistic units</del></p>
<p><del>4. Examples of uses of frequency list</del></p>
<ol start="5" type="1">
<li>Demo & Practice</li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section id="demo-practice" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Demo & Practice</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Demo:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Queries: Basic & Advanced features of SE’s <em>Wordlist</em></p></li>
<li><p>Outputs: Options for exploring outputs</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Corpus: <code>Brown Family (CLAWS + TreeTagger tags)</code></p></li>
<li><p>Practices</p>
<ul>
<li>also need a spreadsheet software (e.g., Excel, LibreOffice Calc, Google Spreadsheet)</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="demo-practice-1" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Demo & Practice</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Demo:</p>
<ul>
<li>Queries: Basic <del>& Advanced</del> features of SE’s <em>Wordlist</em></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p><img data-src="img/demo-01-wordlist-basic-search-interface.png" class="absolute" style="top: 300px; left: 0px; width: 90%; "></p>
<div class="absolute" style="font-size:.6em;bottom: 80px; right: 90px; ">
<p>Layer 1:</p>
<p>Various restricted searches (words, lemmas, POS)</p>
<p>Layer 2:</p>
<p>Capturing all or parts of the units restricted in Layer 1</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="demo-practice-2" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Demo & Practice</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Demo:</p>
<ul>
<li>Queries: <del>Basic &</del> Advanced features of SE’s <em>Wordlist</em></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p><img data-src="img/demo-02-wordlist-advanced-search-interface.png" class="absolute" style="top: 250px; left: 0px; width: 75%; "></p>
</section>
<section id="demo-practice-3" class="slide level2 scrollable">
<h2>Demo & Practice</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>Demo: Advanced feature</p></li>
<li><p>Question:</p>
<ul>
<li>contrasting the list of nouns in the Mystery sub-genre of the Fiction genre of the American vs. British variety of the Brown Family</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Requirement(s):</p>
<ul>
<li><p>the preloaded Brown Family has provided the (combined) subcorpora category for “American” and “British”</p></li>
<li><p>two searches: one for each variety</p></li>
<li><p>save each output into .csv</p></li>
<li><p>Explore the first 30 items: are there non-overlapping nouns? How many of them?</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Operationalisation (demo):</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Find<sup>?</sup>: <strong>noun</strong> (layer 1) ; <strong>all</strong> (layer 2)</p></li>
<li><p>Display as:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>check <code>tag</code></p></li>
<li><p>check <code>lemma</code> (check the <code>A = a</code> of <code>lemma</code>)</p></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Text types:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>doc.genre: Mystery sub-genre of Fiction</p></li>
<li><p>doc.region: American</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Results (demo)</p>
<ul>
<li><p>save into .csv and call it <code>noun-in-mystery-brownfam-AmE.csv</code></p></li>
<li><p>run the search for British by changing only one criteria: doc.region (DEMO)</p></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section></section>
<section>
<section id="end-of-frequency-list" class="title-slide slide level1 center">
<h1>End of <code>Frequency List</code></h1>
<ul>
<li><p>source files for all materials:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024" class="uri">https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>pdf version as a handout <a href="https://github.com/complexico/dipscorling2024/blob/main/01-freqlist.pdf">here</a></p></li>
<li><p>How to cite these materials:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya. 2024. Materials for the <em>Diponegoro Summer Course in Corpus Linguistics</em> (<em>DipSCORLING 2024</em>) (22 - 27 July 2024). R Quarto. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12793922">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12793922</a>. (22 July, 2024).</p>
</blockquote></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="references" class="slide level2 smaller scrollable">
<h2>References</h2>
<div class="quarto-auto-generated-content">
<div class="footer footer-default">
</div>
</div>
<div id="refs" class="references csl-bib-body hanging-indent" data-entry-spacing="0" role="list">
<div id="ref-cheng2012" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Cheng, Winnie. 2012. <em>Exploring corpus linguistics: Language in action</em> (Routledge Introductions to Applied Linguistics). London ; New York, NY: Routledge.
</div>
<div id="ref-gries2010" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Gries, Stefan Th. 2010. Useful statistics for corpus linguistics. In Aquilino Sánchez & Moisés Almela (eds.), <em>A mosaic of corpus linguistics: <span>Selected</span> approaches</em>, 269–291. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. <a href="http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/stgries/research/2010_STG_UsefulStats4CorpLing_MosaicCorpLing.pdf">http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/faculty/stgries/research/2010_STG_UsefulStats4CorpLing_MosaicCorpLing.pdf</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-gries2017" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Gries, Stefan Th. 2017. <em>Quantitative corpus linguistics with <span>R</span>: A practical introduction</em>. Second edition. New York: Routledge.
</div>
<div id="ref-miller2020" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Miller, Don. 2020. Analysing Frequency Lists. In Magali Paquot & Stefan Th. Gries (eds.), <em>A <span>Practical</span> <span>Handbook</span> of <span>Corpus</span> <span>Linguistics</span></em>, 77–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46216-1_4">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46216-1_4</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-rajeg2023" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya & Karlina Denistia. 2023. Afiksasi Verba dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Bali, Indonesia. <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22336729">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22336729</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-weisser2016" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Weisser, Martin. 2016. <em>Practical corpus linguistics: An introduction to corpus-based language analysis</em>. First edition. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
</div>
</div>
</section></section>
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