diff --git a/.github/workflows/basic-checks.yml b/.github/workflows/basic-checks.yml
index 86fab21ecf..f4dd6dbda6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/basic-checks.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/basic-checks.yml
@@ -12,3 +12,5 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Check consistency of files in Makefiles
       run: dev/tools/check-make-sync.sh
+    - name: Check for duplicate files
+      run: dev/tools/check-duplicate-files.sh
diff --git a/dev/tools/check-duplicate-files.sh b/dev/tools/check-duplicate-files.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..b23527330a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dev/tools/check-duplicate-files.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# List of all files in the coq repo
+FILES_PRELUDE="\
+  ArrayAxioms.v \
+  Basics.v \
+  BinNums.v \
+  CMorphisms.v \
+  CRelationClasses.v \
+  CarryType.v \
+  Datatypes.v \
+  Decimal.v \
+  Equivalence.v \
+  FloatAxioms.v \
+  FloatClass.v \
+  FloatOps.v \
+  Hexadecimal.v \
+  Init.v \
+  IntDef.v \
+  ListDef.v \
+  Logic.v \
+  Ltac.v \
+  Morphisms.v \
+  Morphisms_Prop.v \
+  Nat.v \
+  NatDef.v \
+  Notations.v \
+  Number.v \
+  Peano.v \
+  PosDef.v \
+  Prelude.v \
+  PrimArray.v \
+  PrimFloat.v \
+  PrimInt63.v \
+  PrimString.v \
+  PrimStringAxioms.v \
+  RelationClasses.v \
+  Relation_Definitions.v \
+  Setoid.v \
+  SetoidTactics.v \
+  Sint63Axioms.v \
+  SpecFloat.v \
+  Specif.v \
+  Sumbool.v \
+  Tactics.v \
+  Uint63Axioms.v \
+  Utils.v \
+  Wf.v \
+  ssrbool.v \
+  ssrclasses.v \
+  ssreflect.v \
+  ssrfun.v \
+  ssrmatching.v \
+  ssrsetoid.v \
+  ssrunder.v"
+
+ALL_FILES=all_files__
+ALL_FILES_UNIQ=all_files_uniq__
+
+rm -f ${ALL_FILES} ${ALL_FILES_UNIQ}
+(for f in ${FILES_PRELUDE} $(find theories -name "*.v") ; do basename $f ; done) | sort > ${ALL_FILES}
+uniq ${ALL_FILES} > ${ALL_FILES_UNIQ}
+
+if $(diff -q ${ALL_FILES_UNIQ} ${ALL_FILES} > /dev/null) ; then
+  echo "No files with duplicate name"
+else
+  echo "Some files with the same name"
+  diff ${ALL_FILES_UNIQ} ${ALL_FILES}
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+rm -f ${ALL_FILES} ${ALL_FILES_UNIQ}