part3 - variables and control flow.ipynb

{
 "metadata": {
  "name": "part3 - variables and control flow"
 },
 "nbformat": 3,
 "nbformat_minor": 0,
 "worksheets": [
  {
   "cells": [
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "from __future__ import print_function"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [],
     "prompt_number": 1
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "markdown",
     "metadata": {},
     "source": [
      "# Plotting a parabola\n",
      "\n",
      "The equation of the parabola is:\n",
      "\n",
      "$y = ax^2 + bx + c$\n",
      "\n",
      "We'll come back to this after having discussed the different variable types and control flow structures."
     ]
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "import pylab\n",
      "\n",
      "x = range(-10,11)\n",
      "\n",
      "y = []\n",
      "\n",
      "a = 2\n",
      "b = 0\n",
      "c = 50\n",
      "\n",
      "for xi in x:\n",
      "    yi = a * xi ** 2 + b * xi + c\n",
      "    y.append(yi)\n",
      "\n",
      "pylab.plot(x,y)\n",
      "\n",
      "grid()\n",
      "xlabel('$x$')\n",
      "ylabel('$y = ax^2 + bx + c$')\n",
      "title('my parabola')\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 21,
       "text": [
        "<matplotlib.text.Text at 0x33d4dd0>"
       ]
      },
      {
       "output_type": "display_data",
       "png": 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D1q3Vgr/bbzc6GiG812+/qRrGggXw0ENGR+NZHlncB2qnW4CPPvrIlbcLHTRo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\n"
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 21
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "a = 1\n",
      "a = 0.3\n",
      "a = \"this is a string\"\n",
      "\n",
      "print(\"The value of a is\", a)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "('The value of a is', 'this is a string')\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 22
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# integer division\n",
      "a = 4 / 3\n",
      "\n",
      "# floating point division\n",
      "#a = 4.0 / 3\n",
      "\n",
      "print(\"The value of a is\", a)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "('The value of a is', 1)\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 23
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "a = [1, 2, \"cats are not nice\", 0.3]\n",
      "\n",
      "# lists are mutable: we can change their elements\n",
      "a[1] = \"another string\"\n",
      "\n",
      "print(a)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "[1, 'another string', 'cats are not nice', 0.3]\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 24
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "b = (1, 2, 3, 'hello there')\n",
      "\n",
      "# tuples are not mutable, so this will raise an exception\n",
      "# (but unlike lists they are hashable, which is often useful)\n",
      "b[1] = 'aoeu'\n",
      "\n",
      "print(b)"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "ename": "TypeError",
       "evalue": "'tuple' object does not support item assignment",
       "output_type": "pyerr",
       "traceback": [
        "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
        "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-17-67f75938c7c8>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      3\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# tuples are not mutable, so this will raise an exception\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      4\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# (but unlike lists they are hashable, which is often useful)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 5\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;34m'aoeu'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mb\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
        "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "for i in a:\n",
      "    print(i)\n",
      "    print(\"hello there\")\n",
      "print(\"after the loop\")\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "1\n",
        "hello there\n",
        "another string\n",
        "hello there\n",
        "cats are not nice\n",
        "hello there\n",
        "0.3\n",
        "hello there\n",
        "after the loop\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 18
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# a simple integer loop\n",
      "# Python always stops right before the stop number\n",
      "# in this case it will go from 0 to 9.\n",
      "for i in range(10):\n",
      "    print(i)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "0\n",
        "1\n",
        "2\n",
        "3\n",
        "4\n",
        "5\n",
        "6\n",
        "7\n",
        "8\n",
        "9\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 17
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# reverse for loop with if-elif-else clause\n",
      "for i in range(10, 0, -1):\n",
      "    if i == 7:\n",
      "        print(\"that's my lucky number, I'm not going to tell you what it is!\")\n",
      "        \n",
      "    elif i == 5:\n",
      "        print(\"that's not a bad number either\")\n",
      "        \n",
      "    else:\n",
      "        print(i)\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "stream",
       "stream": "stdout",
       "text": [
        "10\n",
        "9\n",
        "8\n",
        "that's my lucky number, I'm not going to tell you what it is!\n",
        "6\n",
        "that's not a bad number either\n",
        "4\n",
        "3\n",
        "2\n",
        "1\n"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 19
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# the all-powerful dictionary\n",
      "# it maps from any hashable object (string, integer, list, object) to any value\n",
      "# it's really really fast: O(1) lookups.\n",
      "e = {'cat': 0, 'dog': 1, 'giraffe': 2}\n",
      "\n",
      "e['dog']\n"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 20,
       "text": [
        "1"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 20
    },
    {
     "cell_type": "code",
     "collapsed": false,
     "input": [
      "# this is how you \"allocate\" a list with 3 elements\n",
      "z = [0] * 3\n",
      "z[1] = 2\n",
      "z"
     ],
     "language": "python",
     "metadata": {},
     "outputs": [
      {
       "output_type": "pyout",
       "prompt_number": 4,
       "text": [
        "[0, 2, 0]"
       ]
      }
     ],
     "prompt_number": 4
    }
   ],
   "metadata": {}
  }
 ]
}