ggsankey

The goal of ggsankey is to make beautiful sankey, alluvial and sankey bump plots in ggplot2

Installation

You can install the development version of ggsankey from github with:

# install.packages("devtools")
devtools::install_github("davidsjoberg/ggsankey")

How does it work

Google defines a sankey as:

A sankey diagram is a visualization used to depict a flow from one set of values to another. The things being connected are called nodes and the connections are called links. Sankeys are best used when you want to show a many-to-many mapping between two domains or multiple paths through a set of stages.

To plot a sankey diagram with ggsankey each observation has a stage (called a discrete x-value in ggplot) and be part of a node. Furthermore, each observation needs to have instructions of which node it will belong to in the next stage. See the image below for some clarification.

Hence, to use geom_sankey the aesthetics x, next_x, node and next_node are required. The last stage should point to NA. The aesthetics fill and color will affect both nodes and flows.

To plot a sankey diagram with ggsankey each observation has a stage (called a discrete x-value in ggplot) and be part of a node. Furthermore, each observation needs to have instructions of which node it will belong to in the next stage. See the image below for some clarification.

To control geometries (not changed by data) like fill, color, size, alpha etc for nodes and flows you can either choose to set a global value that affect both, or you can specify which one you want to alter. For example node.color = 'black' will only draw a black line around the nodes, but not the flows (links).

Basic usage

geom_sankey

A basic sankey plot that shows how dimensions are linked.

df <- mtcars %>%
  make_long(cyl, vs, am, gear, carb)

ggplot(df, aes(x = x, 
               next_x = next_x, 
               node = node, 
               next_node = next_node,
               fill = factor(node))) +
  geom_sankey() +
  scale_fill_discrete(drop=FALSE)

And by adding a little pimp.

• Labels with geom_sankey_label which places labels in the center of nodes if given the same aesthetics.
• ggsankey also comes with custom minimalistic themes that can be used. Here I use theme_sankey.

ggplot(df, aes(x = x, next_x = next_x, node = node, next_node = next_node, fill = factor(node), label = node)) +
  geom_sankey(flow.alpha = .6,
              node.color = "gray30") +
  geom_sankey_label(size = 3, color = "white", fill = "gray40") +
  scale_fill_viridis_d(drop = FALSE) +
  theme_sankey(base_size = 18) +
  labs(x = NULL) +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        plot.title = element_text(hjust = .5)) +
  ggtitle("Car features")

geom_alluvial

Alluvial plots are very similiar to sankey plots but have no spaces between nodes and start at y = 0 instead being centered around the x-axis.

ggplot(df, aes(x = x, next_x = next_x, node = node, next_node = next_node, fill = factor(node), label = node)) +
  geom_alluvial(flow.alpha = .6) +
  geom_alluvial_text(size = 3, color = "white") +
  scale_fill_viridis_d(drop = FALSE) +
  theme_alluvial(base_size = 18) +
  labs(x = NULL) +
  theme(legend.position = "none",
        plot.title = element_text(hjust = .5)) +
  ggtitle("Car features")

geom_sankey_bump

Sankey bump plots is mix between bump plots and sankey and mostly useful for time series. When a group becomes larger than another it bumps above it.

df <- gapminder %>%
  group_by(continent, year) %>%
  summarise(gdp = (sum(pop * gdpPercap)/1e9) %>% round(0), .groups = "keep") %>%
  ungroup()

ggplot(df, aes(x = year,
               node = continent,
               fill = continent,
               value = gdp)) +
  geom_sankey_bump(space = 0, type = "alluvial", color = "transparent", smooth = 6) +
  scale_fill_viridis_d(option = "A", alpha = .8) +
  theme_sankey_bump(base_size = 16) +
  labs(x = NULL,
       y = "GDP ($ bn)",
       fill = NULL,
       color = NULL) +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
  labs(title = "GDP development per continent")