calculator.c

#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> /* for atof() */

#define MAXOP 100 /* max size of operand or operator */
#define MAXVARS 26 /* number of variables */
#define MAXLINE 1000 /* max line length */
#define NUMBER 'N' /* signal that a number was found */
#define FUNCTION 'F' /* signal that a number was found */
#define VARIABLE 'V' /* signal that a variable was found */

void callFunc(char funcName[]);
void duplicate(void);
void swap(void);
void printTopOfStack(void);
void push(double d);
void pushv(char f[]);
double pop(void);
char* popv(void);

/* must compile with 'gcc calculator.c -lm -o a.out' */

double vars[MAXVARS];

/* reverse Polish calculator */
int main() {
    /* used for variables */
    int i;

    /* used by calculations */
    double op2;

    /* used by scanf */
    double a = 0;
    char s[MAXOP], c, e = '\0';

    /* We set all our variables to zero as a default value to
     * avoid any issues when accessing variables that are not
     * explicitly set. */
    printf("all variables are set to zero by default\n");
    for (i = 0; i < MAXVARS; ++i)
        vars[i] = 0;

    while (scanf("%s%c", s, &e) == 2) {
        if (sscanf(s, " %lf", &a) == 1) { /* is it a number */
            /* push the number onto the stack */
            push(a);
        } else if (sscanf(s, " %s", s) == 1) { /* is it a string */
             /* if it has a length > 1, then consider it a function */
            if (strlen(s) > 1) {
                callFunc(s);
                printTopOfStack();
                continue;
            }

            c = s[0];

            /* If c is a letter, then treat it like a variable */
            if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')) {
                pushv(s);
                continue;
            }

            /* Else consider it a operator. */
            switch (c) {
                case '+':
                    push(pop() + pop());
                    break;
                case '*':
                    push(pop() * pop());
                    break;
                case '-':
                    op2 = pop();
                    push(pop() - op2);
                    break;
                case '/':
                    op2 = pop();
                    if (op2 != 0.0)
                        push(pop() / op2);
                    else
                        printf("error: zero division\n");
                    break;
                case '%':
                    op2 = pop();
                    if (op2 != 0.0) {
                        int r = fmod(pop(), op2);
                        push((r * op2 < 0) ? r + op2 : r);
                    } else
                        printf("error: cannot mod by zero");
                    break;
                default:
                    printf("error: unknown command type: \"%c\", inpt: \"%s\"\n",
                           c, s);
                    break;
            }

            /* Report result of the operation */
            printTopOfStack();
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

void callFunc(char funcName[]) {
    double op2;
    char vop2[MAXOP];

    if (strcmp(funcName, "sin") == 0)
        push(sin(pop()));
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "cos") == 0)
        push(cos(pop()));
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "tan") == 0)
        push(tan(pop()));
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "exp") == 0)
        push(exp(pop()));
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "log") == 0)
        push(log(pop()));
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "pow") == 0) {
        op2 = pop();
        push(pow(pop(), op2));
    }
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "sqrt") == 0)
        push(sqrt(pop()));
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "floor") == 0)
        push(floor(pop()));
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "ceil") == 0)
        push(ceil(pop()));
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "abs") == 0)
        push(fabs(pop()));
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "top") == 0)
        ; /* this is always called after function calls */
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "swap") == 0)
        swap();
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "duplicate") == 0)
        duplicate();
    else if (strcmp(funcName, "set") == 0) {
        /* We pop both our operands, validate their types and
         * set the corresponding index for our variable in the
         * vars array. */
        strcpy(vop2, popv());
        op2 = pop();

        if (!isalpha(vop2[0])) {
            printf("error: second argument must be variable\n");
        } else {
            int index = vop2[0] - 'a';
            vars[index] = op2;

            printf("set var \"%c\" to \"%g\", pushing \"%c\" onto stack\n",
                   vop2[0], op2, vop2[0]);

            pushv(vop2);
        }
    } else
        printf("error: unknown function %s\n", funcName);
}

#define MAXVAL 100 /* maximum depth of val stack */

int sp = 0; /* next free stack position */
char val[MAXOP][MAXVAL]; /* value stack */

/* print: print top two elements of stack */
void printTopOfStack(void) {
    if (sp < 1) { /* need minimum of two elements */
        printf("not enough elements\n");
        return;
    }

    printf("\t%s\n", val[sp - 1]);
}

/* swap: swap top two stack elements */
void swap(void) {
    if (sp < 2) { /* need minimum of two elements */
        printf("not enough elements\n");
        return;
    }

    char temp[MAXOP];
    strcpy(temp, val[sp - 1]);
    strcpy(val[sp - 1], val[sp - 2]);
    strcpy(val[sp - 2], temp);
    printf("swapped\n\n");
}

/* duplicate: duplicate the stack */
void duplicate(void) {
    int j, t = sp;
    for (j = 0; j < t; j++)
        pushv(val[j]);
    printf("duplicated\n\n");
}

/* push: push number d onto value stack */
void push(double d) {
    char temp[MAXOP];
    if (sp < MAXVAL) {
        sprintf(temp, "%g", d);
        pushv(temp);
    } else
        printf("error: stack full, can't push %g\n", d);
}

/* pushv: push variable or number f onto value stack */
void pushv(char f[]) {
    if (sp < MAXVAL)
        strcpy(val[sp++], f);
    else
        printf("error: stack full, can't push %s\n", f);
}

/* pop: pop and return top value from stack as number */
double pop(void) {
    char r[MAXOP];
    if (sp > 0) {
        strcpy(r, val[--sp]);
        /* If we pop a variable, find its numeric value. */
        if (isalpha(r[0]))
            return vars[r[0] - 'a'];
        else
            return atof(r);
    } else {
        printf("error: stack empty\n");
        return 0.0;
    }
}

/* popv: pop and return top value from stack as number or variable */
char* popv(void) {
    if (sp > 0)
        return val[--sp];
    else {
        printf("error: stack empty\n");
        return "0.0";
    }
}