Rust serialization benchmark

The goal of these benchmarks is to provide thorough and complete benchmarks for various rust serialization frameworks.

These benchmarks are a work in progress

These benchmarks are still being developed and pull requests to improve benchmarks are welcome.

Interactive site

Calculate the number of messages per second that can be sent/received with various rust serialization frameworks and compression libraries. Documentation

Format

All tests benchmark the following properties (time or size):

• Serialize: serialize data into a buffer
• Deserialize: deserializes a buffer into a normal rust object
• Size: the size of the buffer when serialized
• Zlib: the size of the buffer after zlib compression
• Zstd: the size of the buffer after zstd compression
• Zstd Time: the time taken to compress the serialized buffer with zstd

Zero-copy deserialization libraries have an additional set of benchmarks:

• Access: accesses a buffer as structured data
• Read: runs through a buffer and reads fields out of it
• Update: updates a buffer as structured data

Some benchmark results may be italicized and followed by an asterisk. Mouse over these for more details on what situation was benchmarked. Other footnotes are located at the bottom.

Last updated: 2024-9-17 2:50:58

Runtime info

rustc version

rustc 1.83.0-nightly (c52c23b6f 2024-09-16)
binary: rustc
commit-hash: c52c23b6f44cd19718721a5e3b2eeb169e9c96ff
commit-date: 2024-09-16
host: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
release: 1.83.0-nightly
LLVM version: 19.1.0

CPU info

Architecture:                       x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                     32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                      48 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                         Little Endian
CPU(s):                             4
On-line CPU(s) list:                0-3
Vendor ID:                          AuthenticAMD
Model name:                         AMD EPYC 7763 64-Core Processor
CPU family:                         25
Model:                              1
Thread(s) per core:                 2
Core(s) per socket:                 2
Socket(s):                          1
Stepping:                           1
BogoMIPS:                           4890.85
Flags:                              fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw topoext invpcid_single vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero xsaveerptr rdpru arat npt nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold v_vmsave_vmload umip vaes vpclmulqdq rdpid fsrm
Virtualization:                     AMD-V
Hypervisor vendor:                  Microsoft
Virtualization type:                full
L1d cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L1i cache:                          64 KiB (2 instances)
L2 cache:                           1 MiB (2 instances)
L3 cache:                           32 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                       1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):                  0-3
Vulnerability Gather data sampling: Not affected
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:        Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:                 Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:                  Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:             Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:      Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:             Not affected
Vulnerability Spec rstack overflow: Vulnerable: Safe RET, no microcode
Vulnerability Spec store bypass:    Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:           Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:           Mitigation; Retpolines; STIBP disabled; RSB filling; PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected; BHI Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:                Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:      Not affected

log

This data set is composed of HTTP request logs that are small and contain many strings.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	696.30 µs* 627.02 µs*	3.2225 ms	874632	355446	311723	5.9176 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	327.62 µs	2.7430 ms	741295	303944	257153	3.9956 ms
bincode 1.3.3	522.15 µs	2.3722 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.9219 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	146.14 µs	1.4838 ms	703710	288826	229755	2.4565 ms
borsh 1.5.1	545.86 µs	2.1871 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.5638 ms
capnp 0.19.7	478.98 µs	†	1443216	513986	428649	6.8509 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	595.77 µs	5.2779 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.9208 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	4.3400 ms	12.113 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.8952 ms
databuf 0.5.0	255.15 µs	2.0632 ms	765778	311715	264630	4.1894 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	711.81 µs	2.8752 ms	724953	301446	253629	3.8404 ms
flatbuffers 24.3.25	1.0259 ms	†	1276368	468539	388832	5.5752 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	943.65 µs	2.7212 ms	764996	315291	264898	4.2210 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.8087 ms	4.5676 ms	818669	332556	285514	4.6654 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	261.02 µs	2.0712 ms	1045784	373127	311761	4.5550 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	657.11 µs	2.2587 ms	765778	311743	264518	3.9943 ms
postcard 1.0.10	398.35 µs	2.1727 ms	724953	302399	253747	3.6706 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.3759 ms	6.8393 ms	971922	372513	304122	5.0875 ms
prost 0.13.2	951.17 µs* 2.5158 ms*	3.3263 ms	884628	363130	315494	4.9086 ms
rkyv 0.8.5	243.10 µs	1.5883 ms* 2.1743 ms*	1011488	393526	326517	5.3054 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.3409 ms	3.1621 ms	784997	325384	278219	4.2725 ms
ron 0.8.1	11.389 ms	14.878 ms	1607459	449158	349713	5.7919 ms
savefile 0.17.7	189.56 µs	2.8373 ms	1045800	373140	311777	4.5761 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	694.93 µs	2.1020 ms	765778	311715	264630	3.8792 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.9622 ms	4.9327 ms	1407835	403440	324081	4.8214 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	3.8112 ms	5.5805 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.6848 ms
simd-json 0.13.10	2.1634 ms	4.6308 ms	1827461	470560	361090	5.6499 ms
speedy 0.8.7	204.20 µs	1.7854 ms	885780	362204	286514	4.2299 ms
wiring 0.2.2	190.75 µs	1.9875 ms	1045784	337930	276188	3.9679 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	72.554 ns*	167.55 µs*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	2.4730 ns* 1.9811 ms*	51.742 µs* 2.0308 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	1.2369 ns* 591.11 µs*	10.332 µs* 601.85 µs*	7.7403 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	20.99%* 23.31%*	46.04%	80.46%	81.26%	73.70%	41.51%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	44.61%	54.09%	94.93%	95.03%	89.35%	61.48%
bincode 1.3.3	27.99%	62.55%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	49.91%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.1	26.77%	67.84%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	53.83%
capnp 0.19.7	30.51%	†	48.76%	56.19%	53.60%	35.86%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	24.53%	28.11%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	49.92%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.37%	12.25%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	50.18%
databuf 0.5.0	57.28%	71.92%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	58.64%
dlhn 0.1.7	20.53%	51.61%	97.07%	95.81%	90.59%	63.96%
flatbuffers 24.3.25	14.25%	†	55.13%	61.64%	59.09%	44.06%
msgpacker 0.4.3	15.49%	54.53%	91.99%	91.61%	86.73%	58.20%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.52%	32.49%	85.96%	86.85%	80.47%	52.65%
nanoserde 0.1.37	55.99%	71.64%	67.29%	77.41%	73.70%	53.93%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	22.24%	65.69%	91.89%	92.65%	86.86%	61.50%
postcard 1.0.10	36.69%	68.29%	97.07%	95.51%	90.54%	66.92%
pot 3.0.1	6.15%	21.70%	72.40%	77.53%	75.55%	48.29%
prost 0.13.2	15.36%* 5.81%*	44.61%	79.55%	79.54%	72.82%	50.04%
rkyv 0.8.5	60.12%	93.42%* 68.24%*	69.57%	73.39%	70.37%	46.30%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	10.90%	46.92%	89.64%	88.76%	82.58%	57.50%
ron 0.8.1	1.28%	9.97%	43.78%	64.30%	65.70%	42.41%
savefile 0.17.7	77.09%	52.30%	67.29%	77.40%	73.69%	53.68%
serde_bare 0.5.0	21.03%	70.59%	91.89%	92.66%	86.82%	63.32%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.45%	30.08%	49.99%	71.59%	70.89%	50.95%
serde_json 1.0.128	3.83%	26.59%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	43.21%
simd-json 0.13.10	6.76%	32.04%	38.51%	61.38%	63.63%	43.48%
speedy 0.8.7	71.57%	83.11%	79.45%	79.74%	80.19%	58.07%
wiring 0.2.2	76.61%	74.66%	67.29%	85.47%	83.19%	61.91%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	1.70%*	6.17%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	50.02%* 0.00%*	19.97%* 0.51%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 1.72%*	100.00%*

mesh

This data set is a single mesh. The mesh contains an array of triangles, each of which has three vertices and a normal vector.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	6.6861 ms* 8.7410 ms*	9.1053 ms	8625005	6443961	6231572	70.340 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	2.3960 ms	1.0187 ms	6000005	5378497	5345897	7.4417 ms
bincode 1.3.3	5.1944 ms	4.8484 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.6828 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	1.4137 ms	810.24 µs	6000006	5182295	4923880	12.973 ms
borsh 1.5.1	6.0069 ms	4.2985 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.4086 ms
capnp 0.19.7	5.8357 ms	†	14000088	7130367	6051062	81.231 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	9.8444 ms	47.813 ms	13125016	7524114	6757967	92.802 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	66.080 ms	117.85 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	93.222 ms
databuf 0.5.0	2.3956 ms	5.3056 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.4623 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	5.8545 ms	8.6152 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.5253 ms
flatbuffers 24.3.25	875.69 µs	†	6000024	5378434	5345910	7.4619 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	2.0967 ms	4.9552 ms	7500005	6058442	6014337	9.5418 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	129.35 ms	30.905 ms	8125037	6493484	6386940	68.601 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.4626 ms	1.1056 ms	6000008	5378500	5345890	7.4216 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	4.7459 ms	4.0426 ms	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.5883 ms
postcard 1.0.10	489.15 µs	1.3439 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.4920 ms
pot 3.0.1	40.466 ms	73.252 ms	10122342	6814618	6852251	84.290 ms
prost 0.13.2	7.7218 ms* 8.5504 ms*	12.166 ms	8750000	6665735	6421871	70.330 ms
rkyv 0.8.5	258.31 µs	197.34 µs* 197.43 µs*	6000008	5378500	5345892	7.5712 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	15.256 ms	18.012 ms	8125006	6494876	6391037	67.462 ms
ron 0.8.1	168.81 ms	226.14 ms	22192885	8970395	8138755	149.77 ms
savefile 0.17.7	258.63 µs	258.66 µs	6000024	5378513	5345893	7.4224 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	6.4722 ms	4.0653 ms	6000003	5378495	5345900	7.4078 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	33.845 ms	46.538 ms	13122324	7524660	6759658	92.784 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	86.365 ms	87.482 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	154.09 ms
simd-json 0.13.10	52.315 ms	72.231 ms	26192883	9566084	8586741	154.05 ms
speedy 0.8.7	258.56 µs	258.73 µs	6000004	5378496	5345889	7.5257 ms
wiring 0.2.2	197.53 µs	352.47 µs	6000008	5378952	5345894	7.6508 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	105.40 ns*	2.2050 ms*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	2.4743 ns* 39.646 ns*	54.208 µs* 77.487 µs*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	1.2367 ns* 4.6464 ns*	48.411 µs* 38.742 µs*	99.753 µs*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	2.95%* 2.26%*	2.17%	69.57%	80.42%	79.02%	10.53%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	8.24%	19.37%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.54%
bincode 1.3.3	3.80%	4.07%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	96.42%
bitcode 0.6.3	13.97%	24.36%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	57.10%
borsh 1.5.1	3.29%	4.59%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.99%
capnp 0.19.7	3.38%	†	42.86%	72.68%	81.37%	9.12%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	2.01%	0.41%	45.71%	68.88%	72.86%	7.98%
ciborium 0.2.2	0.30%	0.17%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	7.95%
databuf 0.5.0	8.25%	3.72%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.27%
dlhn 0.1.7	3.37%	2.29%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.44%
flatbuffers 24.3.25	22.56%	†	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.27%
msgpacker 0.4.3	9.42%	3.98%	80.00%	85.54%	81.87%	77.64%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	0.15%	0.64%	73.85%	79.81%	77.09%	10.80%
nanoserde 0.1.37	13.51%	17.85%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.81%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	4.16%	4.88%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	97.62%
postcard 1.0.10	40.38%	14.68%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.88%
pot 3.0.1	0.49%	0.27%	59.27%	76.05%	71.86%	8.79%
prost 0.13.2	2.56%* 2.31%*	1.62%	68.57%	77.75%	76.67%	10.53%
rkyv 0.8.5	76.47%	100.00%* 99.95%*	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	97.84%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.29%	1.10%	73.85%	79.79%	77.04%	10.98%
ron 0.8.1	0.12%	0.09%	27.04%	57.77%	60.50%	4.95%
savefile 0.17.7	76.38%	76.29%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	99.80%
serde_bare 0.5.0	3.05%	4.85%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	100.00%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	0.58%	0.42%	45.72%	68.87%	72.84%	7.98%
serde_json 1.0.128	0.23%	0.23%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.81%
simd-json 0.13.10	0.38%	0.27%	22.91%	54.17%	57.34%	4.81%
speedy 0.8.7	76.40%	76.27%	100.00%	96.35%	92.11%	98.43%
wiring 0.2.2	100.00%	55.99%	100.00%	96.34%	92.11%	96.82%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	1.17%*	1.76%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	49.98%* 3.12%*	71.47%* 50.00%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	100.00%* 26.62%*	80.03%* 100.00%*	100.00%*

minecraft_savedata

This data set is composed of Minecraft player saves that contain highly structured data.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	926.62 µs* 840.37 µs*	3.1952 ms	489348	281173	249546	3.0782 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	303.41 µs	2.1171 ms	367413	221291	206273	2.4782 ms
bincode 1.3.3	596.82 µs	1.8650 ms	569975	240525	232423	2.9188 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	133.89 µs	1.2710 ms	327688	200947	182736	749.67 µs
borsh 1.5.1	518.11 µs	1.8416 ms	446595	234236	210008	2.4672 ms
capnp 0.19.7	476.19 µs	†	803896	335606	280851	3.9121 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	786.05 µs	4.6978 ms	1109831	344745	274514	3.8789 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	3.8069 ms	10.319 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8492 ms
databuf 0.5.0	302.01 µs	1.7295 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.3832 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	769.97 µs	2.6426 ms	366496	220600	205683	2.4684 ms
flatbuffers 24.3.25	3.2657 ms	†	844168	345696	294015	3.8239 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	705.01 µs	2.8260 ms	391251	236877	220476	2.6182 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	5.4630 ms	3.8996 ms	449745	252432	231110	2.7578 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	261.40 µs	1.9023 ms	567975	239930	232419	2.8706 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	614.86 µs	2.0959 ms	356311	212976	198524	2.3974 ms
postcard 1.0.10	446.84 µs	2.0228 ms	367489	221913	207344	2.4842 ms
pot 3.0.1	2.3896 ms	6.2034 ms	599125	299158	247693	3.1954 ms
prost 0.13.2	1.2594 ms* 2.9066 ms*	3.4984 ms	596811	305319	269310	3.4975 ms
rkyv 0.8.5	346.04 µs	1.5295 ms* 2.0385 ms*	603776	254776	220087	2.7585 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	1.4175 ms	3.0097 ms	424533	245214	226188	2.7246 ms
ron 0.8.1	7.1574 ms	16.991 ms	1465223	434935	343338	5.9812 ms
savefile 0.17.7	205.85 µs	1.8438 ms	566991	239361	232013	2.8602 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	712.59 µs	2.3776 ms	356311	213062	198488	2.4120 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	1.8081 ms	4.7379 ms	1109821	344751	274526	3.8515 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	3.6719 ms	6.4289 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.0749 ms
simd-json 0.13.10	2.2279 ms	4.5460 ms	1623191	466527	359623	6.0855 ms
speedy 0.8.7	278.90 µs	1.5939 ms	449595	234970	210361	2.5436 ms
wiring 0.2.2	222.12 µs	1.8121 ms	566975	247810	225259	2.9275 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	72.463 ns*	424.88 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	2.4781 ns* 2.1849 ms*	1.3575 µs* 2.2118 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	1.2371 ns* 500.73 µs*	163.21 ns* 500.39 µs*	775.85 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	14.45%* 15.93%*	39.78%	66.96%	71.47%	73.23%	24.35%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	44.13%	60.03%	89.19%	90.81%	88.59%	30.25%
bincode 1.3.3	22.43%	68.15%	57.49%	83.55%	78.62%	25.68%
bitcode 0.6.3	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.1	25.84%	69.02%	73.37%	85.79%	87.01%	30.39%
capnp 0.19.7	28.12%	†	40.76%	59.88%	65.07%	19.16%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	17.03%	27.06%	29.53%	58.29%	66.57%	19.33%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.52%	12.32%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.48%
databuf 0.5.0	44.33%	73.49%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	31.46%
dlhn 0.1.7	17.39%	48.10%	89.41%	91.09%	88.84%	30.37%
flatbuffers 24.3.25	4.10%	†	38.82%	58.13%	62.15%	19.60%
msgpacker 0.4.3	18.99%	44.98%	83.75%	84.83%	82.88%	28.63%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.45%	32.59%	72.86%	79.60%	79.07%	27.18%
nanoserde 0.1.37	51.22%	66.81%	57.69%	83.75%	78.62%	26.12%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	21.78%	60.64%	91.97%	94.35%	92.05%	31.27%
postcard 1.0.10	29.96%	62.83%	89.17%	90.55%	88.13%	30.18%
pot 3.0.1	5.60%	20.49%	54.69%	67.17%	73.78%	23.46%
prost 0.13.2	10.63%* 4.61%*	36.33%	54.91%	65.82%	67.85%	21.43%
rkyv 0.8.5	38.69%	83.10%* 62.35%*	54.27%	78.87%	83.03%	27.18%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	9.45%	42.23%	77.19%	81.95%	80.79%	27.52%
ron 0.8.1	1.87%	7.48%	22.36%	46.20%	53.22%	12.53%
savefile 0.17.7	65.04%	68.93%	57.79%	83.95%	78.76%	26.21%
serde_bare 0.5.0	18.79%	53.46%	91.97%	94.31%	92.06%	31.08%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.41%	26.83%	29.53%	58.29%	66.56%	19.46%
serde_json 1.0.128	3.65%	19.77%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.34%
simd-json 0.13.10	6.01%	27.96%	20.19%	43.07%	50.81%	12.32%
speedy 0.8.7	48.01%	79.74%	72.89%	85.52%	86.87%	29.47%
wiring 0.2.2	60.28%	70.14%	57.80%	81.09%	81.12%	25.61%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	1.71%*	38.41%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	49.92%* 0.00%*	12.02%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.03%*	100.00%*

mk48

This data set is composed of mk48.io game updates that contain data with many exploitable patterns and invariants.

Raw data

For operations, time per iteration; for size, bytes. Lower is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	4.6437 ms* 2.4776 ms*	8.5670 ms	1664428	1264167	1216472	10.967 ms
bincode 2.0.0-rc	1.1938 ms	4.0660 ms	1372381	1091486	1037296	8.9313 ms
bincode 1.3.3	3.5734 ms	4.2899 ms	1811011	1115281	1025627	9.8752 ms
bitcode 0.6.3	709.45 µs	2.3099 ms	948499	857321	837658	3.0476 ms
borsh 1.5.1	2.8702 ms	2.8592 ms	1486162	1082357	1013550	9.4805 ms
capnp 0.19.7	2.3754 ms	†	2664040	1511895	1212087	13.837 ms
cbor4ii 0.3.3	3.2689 ms	17.251 ms	5878791	1655835	1431390	20.705 ms
ciborium 0.2.2	22.529 ms	56.529 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	21.485 ms
databuf 0.5.0	1.2579 ms	4.0254 ms	1288257	1037579	984337	8.4869 ms
dlhn 0.1.7	4.7265 ms	7.7631 ms	1279599	1052061	1021161	8.1670 ms
flatbuffers 24.3.25	5.3193 ms	†	2273740	1408408	1235566	12.655 ms
msgpacker 0.4.3	1.6126 ms	6.2763 ms	1424043	1128758	1110156	9.1673 ms
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	30.081 ms	17.321 ms	1728519	1247642	1233323	12.463 ms
nanoserde 0.1.37	1.2712 ms	2.8730 ms	1770477	1108304	1029947	9.9180 ms
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	2.9800 ms	3.7833 ms	1288257	1039269	986510	8.4109 ms
postcard 1.0.10	2.0733 ms	4.1699 ms	1279599	1058243	1016738	8.3081 ms
pot 3.0.1	13.843 ms	31.587 ms	2544810	1447453	1268390	15.334 ms
prost 0.13.2	5.2988 ms* 9.1610 ms*	8.4523 ms	1818378	1307777	1266311	11.539 ms
rkyv 0.8.5	904.02 µs	2.1523 ms* 2.5731 ms*	2029080	1351984	1183990	12.349 ms
rmp-serde 1.3.0	9.9240 ms	11.401 ms	1703813	1231892	1200208	11.004 ms
ron 0.8.1	36.830 ms	87.014 ms	8476284	2181196	1783971	33.706 ms
savefile 0.17.7	800.62 µs	2.9594 ms	1750226	1101682	1027828	9.7791 ms
serde_bare 0.5.0	4.7583 ms	4.9962 ms	1288257	1037597	984356	8.5924 ms
serde_cbor 0.11.2	9.4197 ms	20.736 ms	5878653	1655791	1431560	20.822 ms
serde_json 1.0.128	20.031 ms	29.215 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	34.056 ms
simd-json 0.13.10	11.410 ms	26.500 ms	9175594	2334253	1800713	35.277 ms
speedy 0.8.7	708.74 µs	2.4172 ms	1546963	1093532	1013443	9.5776 ms
wiring 0.2.2	691.52 µs	2.7131 ms	1750210	1129857	1058906	10.159 ms

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	72.523 ns*	709.61 ns*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	2.4749 ns* 5.0178 ms*	2.6273 µs* 5.0853 ms*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	1.2372 ns* 425.37 µs*	424.35 ns* 429.22 µs*	234.83 ns*

Comparison

Relative to best. Higher is better.

Serialize / deserialize speed and size

Crate	Serialize	Deserialize	Size	Zlib	Zstd	Zstd Time
bilrost 0.1010.0	14.89%* 27.91%*	25.12%	56.99%	67.82%	68.86%	27.79%
bincode 2.0.0-rc	57.93%	52.93%	69.11%	78.55%	80.75%	34.12%
bincode 1.3.3	19.35%	50.17%	52.37%	76.87%	81.67%	30.86%
bitcode 0.6.3	97.47%	93.18%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
borsh 1.5.1	24.09%	75.28%	63.82%	79.21%	82.65%	32.15%
capnp 0.19.7	29.11%	†	35.60%	56.71%	69.11%	22.03%
cbor4ii 0.3.3	21.15%	12.48%	16.13%	51.78%	58.52%	14.72%
ciborium 0.2.2	3.07%	3.81%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	14.18%
databuf 0.5.0	54.97%	53.47%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	35.91%
dlhn 0.1.7	14.63%	27.72%	74.12%	81.49%	82.03%	37.32%
flatbuffers 24.3.25	13.00%	†	41.72%	60.87%	67.80%	24.08%
msgpacker 0.4.3	42.88%	34.29%	66.61%	75.95%	75.45%	33.24%
nachricht-serde 0.4.0	2.30%	12.43%	54.87%	68.72%	67.92%	24.45%
nanoserde 0.1.37	54.40%	74.91%	53.57%	77.35%	81.33%	30.73%
parity-scale-codec 3.6.12	23.21%	56.89%	73.63%	82.49%	84.91%	36.23%
postcard 1.0.10	33.35%	51.62%	74.12%	81.01%	82.39%	36.68%
pot 3.0.1	5.00%	6.81%	37.27%	59.23%	66.04%	19.88%
prost 0.13.2	13.05%* 7.55%*	25.46%	52.16%	65.56%	66.15%	26.41%
rkyv 0.8.5	76.49%	100.00%* 83.65%*	46.75%	63.41%	70.75%	24.68%
rmp-serde 1.3.0	6.97%	18.88%	55.67%	69.59%	69.79%	27.70%
ron 0.8.1	1.88%	2.47%	11.19%	39.31%	46.95%	9.04%
savefile 0.17.7	86.37%	72.73%	54.19%	77.82%	81.50%	31.16%
serde_bare 0.5.0	14.53%	43.08%	73.63%	82.63%	85.10%	35.47%
serde_cbor 0.11.2	7.34%	10.38%	16.13%	51.78%	58.51%	14.64%
serde_json 1.0.128	3.45%	7.37%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	8.95%
simd-json 0.13.10	6.06%	8.12%	10.34%	36.73%	46.52%	8.64%
speedy 0.8.7	97.57%	89.04%	61.31%	78.40%	82.65%	31.82%
wiring 0.2.2	100.00%	79.33%	54.19%	75.88%	79.11%	30.00%

Zero-copy deserialization speed

Crate	Access	Read	Update
capnp 0.19.7	1.71%*	59.80%*	‡
flatbuffers 24.3.25	49.99%* 0.00%*	16.15%* 0.01%*	‡
rkyv 0.8.5	100.00%* 0.00%*	100.00%* 0.10%*	100.00%*

Footnotes:

* mouse over for situational details

† do not provide deserialization capabilities, but the user can write their own

‡ do not support buffer mutation (capnp and flatbuffers may but not for rust)