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vld.cpp
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vld.cpp
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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Visual Leak Detector - VisualLeakDetector Class Implementation
// Copyright (c) 2005-2009 Dan Moulding
//
// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
// Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
//
// See COPYING.txt for the full terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#pragma comment(lib, "dbghelp.lib")
#include <cassert>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstdio>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <windows.h>
#ifndef __out_xcount
#define __out_xcount(x) // Workaround for the specstrings.h bug in the Platform SDK.
#endif
#define DBGHELP_TRANSLATE_TCHAR
#include <dbghelp.h> // Provides symbol handling services.
#define VLDBUILD // Declares that we are building Visual Leak Detector.
#include "callstack.h" // Provides a class for handling call stacks.
#include "crtmfcpatch.h" // Provides CRT and MFC patch functions.
#include "map.h" // Provides a lightweight STL-like map template.
#include "ntapi.h" // Provides access to NT APIs.
#include "set.h" // Provides a lightweight STL-like set template.
#include "utility.h" // Provides various utility functions.
#include "vldheap.h" // Provides internal new and delete operators.
#include "vldint.h" // Provides access to the Visual Leak Detector internals.
#define BLOCKMAPRESERVE 64 // This should strike a balance between memory use and a desire to minimize heap hits.
#define HEAPMAPRESERVE 2 // Usually there won't be more than a few heaps in the process, so this should be small.
#define MAXSYMBOLNAMELENGTH 256 // Maximum symbol name length that we will allow. Longer names will be truncated.
#define MODULESETRESERVE 16 // There are likely to be several modules loaded in the process.
// Imported global variables.
extern vldblockheader_t *vldblocklist;
extern HANDLE vldheap;
extern CRITICAL_SECTION vldheaplock;
// Global variables.
HANDLE currentprocess; // Pseudo-handle for the current process.
HANDLE currentthread; // Pseudo-handle for the current thread.
CRITICAL_SECTION imagelock; // Serializes calls to the Debug Help Library PE image access APIs.
HANDLE processheap; // Handle to the process's heap (COM allocations come from here).
CRITICAL_SECTION stackwalklock; // Serializes calls to StackWalk64 from the Debug Help Library.
CRITICAL_SECTION symbollock; // Serializes calls to the Debug Help Library symbols handling APIs.
// The one and only VisualLeakDetector object instance.
__declspec(dllexport) VisualLeakDetector vld;
// Global function pointers for explicit dynamic linking with functions listed
// in the import patch table. Using explicit dynamic linking minimizes VLD's
// footprint by loading only modules that are actually used. These pointers will
// be linked to the real functions the first time they are used.
// The import patch table: lists the heap-related API imports that VLD patches
// through to replacement functions provided by VLD. Having this table simply
// makes it more convenient to add additional IAT patches.
patchentry_t VisualLeakDetector::m_patchtable [] = {
// Win32 heap APIs.
"kernel32.dll", "GetProcAddress", 0x0, _GetProcAddress, // Not heap related, but can be used to obtain pointers to heap functions.
"kernel32.dll", "HeapAlloc", 0x0, _RtlAllocateHeap,
"kernel32.dll", "HeapCreate", 0x0, _HeapCreate,
"kernel32.dll", "HeapDestroy", 0x0, _HeapDestroy,
"kernel32.dll", "HeapFree", 0x0, _RtlFreeHeap,
"kernel32.dll", "HeapReAlloc", 0x0, _RtlReAllocateHeap,
// MFC new operators (exported by ordinal).
// XXX why are the vector new operators missing for mfc42d.dll?
"mfc42d.dll", (LPCSTR)711, 0x0, VS60::mfcd_scalar_new,
"mfc42d.dll", (LPCSTR)712, 0x0, VS60::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc42d.dll", (LPCSTR)714, 0x0, VS60::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc42ud.dll", (LPCSTR)711, 0x0, VS60::mfcud_scalar_new,
"mfc42ud.dll", (LPCSTR)712, 0x0, VS60::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc42ud.dll", (LPCSTR)714, 0x0, VS60::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc70d.dll", (LPCSTR)257, 0x0, VS70::mfcd_vector_new,
"mfc70d.dll", (LPCSTR)258, 0x0, VS70::mfcd__vector_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc70d.dll", (LPCSTR)259, 0x0, VS70::mfcd__vector_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc70d.dll", (LPCSTR)832, 0x0, VS70::mfcd_scalar_new,
"mfc70d.dll", (LPCSTR)833, 0x0, VS70::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc70d.dll", (LPCSTR)834, 0x0, VS70::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc70ud.dll", (LPCSTR)258, 0x0, VS70::mfcud_vector_new,
"mfc70ud.dll", (LPCSTR)259, 0x0, VS70::mfcud__vector_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc70ud.dll", (LPCSTR)260, 0x0, VS70::mfcud__vector_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc70ud.dll", (LPCSTR)833, 0x0, VS70::mfcud_scalar_new,
"mfc70ud.dll", (LPCSTR)834, 0x0, VS70::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc70ud.dll", (LPCSTR)835, 0x0, VS70::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc71d.dll", (LPCSTR)267, 0x0, VS71::mfcd_vector_new,
"mfc71d.dll", (LPCSTR)268, 0x0, VS71::mfcd__vector_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc71d.dll", (LPCSTR)269, 0x0, VS71::mfcd__vector_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc71d.dll", (LPCSTR)893, 0x0, VS71::mfcd_scalar_new,
"mfc71d.dll", (LPCSTR)894, 0x0, VS71::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc71d.dll", (LPCSTR)895, 0x0, VS71::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc71ud.dll", (LPCSTR)267, 0x0, VS71::mfcud_vector_new,
"mfc71ud.dll", (LPCSTR)268, 0x0, VS71::mfcud__vector_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc71ud.dll", (LPCSTR)269, 0x0, VS71::mfcud__vector_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc71ud.dll", (LPCSTR)893, 0x0, VS71::mfcud_scalar_new,
"mfc71ud.dll", (LPCSTR)894, 0x0, VS71::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc71ud.dll", (LPCSTR)895, 0x0, VS71::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc80d.dll", (LPCSTR)267, 0x0, VS80::mfcd_vector_new,
"mfc80d.dll", (LPCSTR)268, 0x0, VS80::mfcd__vector_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc80d.dll", (LPCSTR)269, 0x0, VS80::mfcd__vector_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc80d.dll", (LPCSTR)893, 0x0, VS80::mfcd_scalar_new,
"mfc80d.dll", (LPCSTR)894, 0x0, VS80::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc80d.dll", (LPCSTR)895, 0x0, VS80::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc80ud.dll", (LPCSTR)267, 0x0, VS80::mfcud_vector_new,
"mfc80ud.dll", (LPCSTR)268, 0x0, VS80::mfcud__vector_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc80ud.dll", (LPCSTR)269, 0x0, VS80::mfcud__vector_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc80ud.dll", (LPCSTR)893, 0x0, VS80::mfcud_scalar_new,
"mfc80ud.dll", (LPCSTR)894, 0x0, VS80::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc80ud.dll", (LPCSTR)895, 0x0, VS80::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc90d.dll", (LPCSTR)267, 0x0, VS90::mfcd_vector_new,
"mfc90d.dll", (LPCSTR)268, 0x0, VS90::mfcd__vector_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc90d.dll", (LPCSTR)269, 0x0, VS90::mfcd__vector_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc90d.dll", (LPCSTR)931, 0x0, VS90::mfcd_scalar_new,
"mfc90d.dll", (LPCSTR)932, 0x0, VS90::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc90d.dll", (LPCSTR)933, 0x0, VS90::mfcd__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc90ud.dll", (LPCSTR)267, 0x0, VS90::mfcud_vector_new,
"mfc90ud.dll", (LPCSTR)268, 0x0, VS90::mfcud__vector_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc90ud.dll", (LPCSTR)269, 0x0, VS90::mfcud__vector_new_dbg_3p,
"mfc90ud.dll", (LPCSTR)935, 0x0, VS90::mfcud_scalar_new,
"mfc90ud.dll", (LPCSTR)936, 0x0, VS90::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_4p,
"mfc90ud.dll", (LPCSTR)937, 0x0, VS90::mfcud__scalar_new_dbg_3p,
// CRT new operators and heap APIs.
"msvcrtd.dll", "_calloc_dbg", 0x0, VS60::crtd__calloc_dbg,
"msvcrtd.dll", "_malloc_dbg", 0x0, VS60::crtd__malloc_dbg,
"msvcrtd.dll", "_realloc_dbg", 0x0, VS60::crtd__realloc_dbg,
"msvcrtd.dll", "??2@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS60::crtd__scalar_new_dbg,
// "msvcrtd.dll", "??_U@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS60::crtd__vector_new_dbg,
"msvcrtd.dll", "calloc", 0x0, VS60::crtd_calloc,
"msvcrtd.dll", "malloc", 0x0, VS60::crtd_malloc,
"msvcrtd.dll", "realloc", 0x0, VS60::crtd_realloc,
"msvcrtd.dll", "??2@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS60::crtd_scalar_new,
// "msvcrtd.dll", "??_U@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS60::crtd_vector_new,
"msvcr70d.dll", "_calloc_dbg", 0x0, VS70::crtd__calloc_dbg,
"msvcr70d.dll", "_malloc_dbg", 0x0, VS70::crtd__malloc_dbg,
"msvcr70d.dll", "_realloc_dbg", 0x0, VS70::crtd__realloc_dbg,
"msvcr70d.dll", "??2@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS70::crtd__scalar_new_dbg,
"msvcr70d.dll", "??_U@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS70::crtd__vector_new_dbg,
"msvcr70d.dll", "calloc", 0x0, VS70::crtd_calloc,
"msvcr70d.dll", "malloc", 0x0, VS70::crtd_malloc,
"msvcr70d.dll", "realloc", 0x0, VS70::crtd_realloc,
"msvcr70d.dll", "??2@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS70::crtd_scalar_new,
"msvcr70d.dll", "??_U@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS70::crtd_vector_new,
"msvcr71d.dll", "_calloc_dbg", 0x0, VS71::crtd__calloc_dbg,
"msvcr71d.dll", "_malloc_dbg", 0x0, VS71::crtd__malloc_dbg,
"msvcr71d.dll", "_realloc_dbg", 0x0, VS71::crtd__realloc_dbg,
"msvcr71d.dll", "??2@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS71::crtd__scalar_new_dbg,
"msvcr71d.dll", "??_U@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS71::crtd__vector_new_dbg,
"msvcr71d.dll", "calloc", 0x0, VS71::crtd_calloc,
"msvcr71d.dll", "malloc", 0x0, VS71::crtd_malloc,
"msvcr71d.dll", "realloc", 0x0, VS71::crtd_realloc,
"msvcr71d.dll", "??2@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS71::crtd_scalar_new,
"msvcr71d.dll", "??_U@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS71::crtd_vector_new,
"msvcr80d.dll", "_calloc_dbg", 0x0, VS80::crtd__calloc_dbg,
"msvcr80d.dll", "_malloc_dbg", 0x0, VS80::crtd__malloc_dbg,
"msvcr80d.dll", "_realloc_dbg", 0x0, VS80::crtd__realloc_dbg,
"msvcr80d.dll", "??2@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS80::crtd__scalar_new_dbg,
"msvcr80d.dll", "??_U@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS80::crtd__vector_new_dbg,
"msvcr80d.dll", "calloc", 0x0, VS80::crtd_calloc,
"msvcr80d.dll", "malloc", 0x0, VS80::crtd_malloc,
"msvcr80d.dll", "realloc", 0x0, VS80::crtd_realloc,
"msvcr80d.dll", "??2@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS80::crtd_scalar_new,
"msvcr80d.dll", "??_U@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS80::crtd_vector_new,
"msvcr90d.dll", "_calloc_dbg", 0x0, VS90::crtd__calloc_dbg,
"msvcr90d.dll", "_malloc_dbg", 0x0, VS90::crtd__malloc_dbg,
"msvcr90d.dll", "_realloc_dbg", 0x0, VS90::crtd__realloc_dbg,
"msvcr90d.dll", "??2@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS90::crtd__scalar_new_dbg,
"msvcr90d.dll", "??_U@YAPAXIHPBDH@Z", 0x0, VS90::crtd__vector_new_dbg,
"msvcr90d.dll", "calloc", 0x0, VS90::crtd_calloc,
"msvcr90d.dll", "malloc", 0x0, VS90::crtd_malloc,
"msvcr90d.dll", "realloc", 0x0, VS90::crtd_realloc,
"msvcr90d.dll", "??2@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS90::crtd_scalar_new,
"msvcr90d.dll", "??_U@YAPAXI@Z", 0x0, VS90::crtd_vector_new,
// NT APIs.
"ntdll.dll", "RtlAllocateHeap", 0x0, _RtlAllocateHeap,
"ntdll.dll", "RtlFreeHeap", 0x0, _RtlFreeHeap,
"ntdll.dll", "RtlReAllocateHeap", 0x0, _RtlReAllocateHeap,
// COM heap APIs.
"ole32.dll", "CoGetMalloc", 0x0, _CoGetMalloc,
"ole32.dll", "CoTaskMemAlloc", 0x0, _CoTaskMemAlloc,
"ole32.dll", "CoTaskMemRealloc", 0x0, _CoTaskMemRealloc
};
// Constructor - Initializes private data, loads configuration options, and
// attaches Visual Leak Detector to all other modules loaded into the current
// process.
//
VisualLeakDetector::VisualLeakDetector ()
{
WCHAR bom = BOM; // Unicode byte-order mark.
HMODULE kernel32;
ModuleSet *newmodules;
HMODULE ntdll;
LPWSTR symbolpath;
// Initialize configuration options and related private data.
_wcsnset_s(m_forcedmodulelist, MAXMODULELISTLENGTH, '\0', _TRUNCATE);
m_maxdatadump = 0xffffffff;
m_maxtraceframes = 0xffffffff;
m_options = 0x0;
m_reportfile = NULL;
wcsncpy_s(m_reportfilepath, MAX_PATH, VLD_DEFAULT_REPORT_FILE_NAME, _TRUNCATE);
m_status = 0x0;
// Load configuration options.
configure();
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_VLDOFF) {
report(L"Visual Leak Detector is turned off.\n");
return;
}
kernel32 = GetModuleHandle(L"kernel32.dll");
ntdll = GetModuleHandle(L"ntdll.dll");
// Initialize global variables.
currentprocess = GetCurrentProcess();
currentthread = GetCurrentThread();
InitializeCriticalSection(&imagelock);
LdrLoadDll = (LdrLoadDll_t)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "LdrLoadDll");
processheap = GetProcessHeap();
RtlAllocateHeap = (RtlAllocateHeap_t)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "RtlAllocateHeap");
RtlFreeHeap = (RtlFreeHeap_t)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "RtlFreeHeap");
RtlReAllocateHeap = (RtlReAllocateHeap_t)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "RtlReAllocateHeap");
InitializeCriticalSection(&stackwalklock);
InitializeCriticalSection(&symbollock);
vldheap = HeapCreate(0x0, 0, 0);
InitializeCriticalSection(&vldheaplock);
// Initialize remaining private data.
m_heapmap = new HeapMap;
m_heapmap->reserve(HEAPMAPRESERVE);
m_imalloc = NULL;
m_leaksfound = 0;
m_loadedmodules = NULL;
InitializeCriticalSection(&m_loaderlock);
InitializeCriticalSection(&m_maplock);
InitializeCriticalSection(&m_moduleslock);
m_selftestfile = __FILE__;
m_selftestline = 0;
m_tlsindex = TlsAlloc();
InitializeCriticalSection(&m_tlslock);
m_tlsset = new TlsSet;
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_SELF_TEST) {
// Self-test mode has been enabled. Intentionally leak a small amount of
// memory so that memory leak self-checking can be verified.
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_UNICODE_REPORT) {
wcsncpy_s(new WCHAR [wcslen(SELFTESTTEXTW) + 1], wcslen(SELFTESTTEXTW) + 1, SELFTESTTEXTW, _TRUNCATE);
m_selftestline = __LINE__ - 1;
}
else {
strncpy_s(new CHAR [strlen(SELFTESTTEXTA) + 1], strlen(SELFTESTTEXTA) + 1, SELFTESTTEXTA, _TRUNCATE);
m_selftestline = __LINE__ - 1;
}
}
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_START_DISABLED) {
// Memory leak detection will initially be disabled.
m_status |= VLD_STATUS_NEVER_ENABLED;
}
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_FILE) {
// Reporting to file enabled.
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_UNICODE_REPORT) {
// Unicode data encoding has been enabled. Write the byte-order
// mark before anything else gets written to the file. Open the
// file for binary writing.
if (_wfopen_s(&m_reportfile, m_reportfilepath, L"wb") == EINVAL) {
// Couldn't open the file.
m_reportfile = NULL;
}
else {
fwrite(&bom, sizeof(WCHAR), 1, m_reportfile);
setreportencoding(unicode);
}
}
else {
// Open the file in text mode for ASCII output.
if (_wfopen_s(&m_reportfile, m_reportfilepath, L"w") == EINVAL) {
// Couldn't open the file.
m_reportfile = NULL;
}
else {
setreportencoding(ascii);
}
}
if (m_reportfile == NULL) {
report(L"WARNING: Visual Leak Detector: Couldn't open report file for writing: %s\n"
L" The report will be sent to the debugger instead.\n", m_reportfilepath);
}
else {
// Set the "report" function to write to the file.
setreportfile(m_reportfile, m_options & VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_DEBUGGER);
}
}
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_SLOW_DEBUGGER_DUMP) {
// Insert a slight delay between messages sent to the debugger for
// output. (For working around a bug in VC6 where data sent to the
// debugger gets lost if it's sent too fast).
insertreportdelay();
}
// This is highly unlikely to happen, but just in case, check to be sure
// we got a valid TLS index.
if (m_tlsindex == TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES) {
report(L"ERROR: Visual Leak Detector could not be installed because thread local"
L" storage could not be allocated.");
return;
}
// Initialize the symbol handler. We use it for obtaining source file/line
// number information and function names for the memory leak report.
symbolpath = buildsymbolsearchpath();
SymSetOptions(SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES | SYMOPT_UNDNAME);
if (!SymInitializeW(currentprocess, symbolpath, FALSE)) {
report(L"WARNING: Visual Leak Detector: The symbol handler failed to initialize (error=%lu).\n"
L" File and function names will probably not be available in call stacks.\n", GetLastError());
}
delete [] symbolpath;
// Patch into kernel32.dll's calls to LdrLoadDll so that VLD can
// dynamically attach to new modules loaded during runtime.
patchimport(kernel32, ntdll, "ntdll.dll", "LdrLoadDll", _LdrLoadDll);
// Attach Visual Leak Detector to every module loaded in the process.
newmodules = new ModuleSet;
newmodules->reserve(MODULESETRESERVE);
EnumerateLoadedModulesW64(currentprocess, addloadedmodule, newmodules);
attachtoloadedmodules(newmodules);
m_loadedmodules = newmodules;
m_status |= VLD_STATUS_INSTALLED;
report(L"Visual Leak Detector Version " VLDVERSION L" installed.\n");
if (m_status & VLD_STATUS_FORCE_REPORT_TO_FILE) {
// The report is being forced to a file. Let the human know why.
report(L"NOTE: Visual Leak Detector: Unicode-encoded reporting has been enabled, but the\n"
L" debugger is the only selected report destination. The debugger cannot display\n"
L" Unicode characters, so the report will also be sent to a file. If no file has\n"
L" been specified, the default file name is \"" VLD_DEFAULT_REPORT_FILE_NAME L"\".\n");
}
reportconfig();
}
// Destructor - Detaches Visual Leak Detector from all modules loaded in the
// process, frees internally allocated resources, and generates the memory
// leak report.
//
VisualLeakDetector::~VisualLeakDetector ()
{
BlockMap::Iterator blockit;
BlockMap *blockmap;
size_t count;
vldblockheader_t *header;
HANDLE heap;
HeapMap::Iterator heapit;
SIZE_T internalleaks = 0;
const char *leakfile = NULL;
WCHAR leakfilew [MAX_PATH];
int leakline = 0;
ModuleSet::Iterator moduleit;
HANDLE thread;
BOOL threadsactive= FALSE;
TlsSet::Iterator tlsit;
DWORD dwCurProcessID;
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_VLDOFF) {
// VLD has been turned off.
return;
}
if (m_status & VLD_STATUS_INSTALLED) {
// Detach Visual Leak Detector from all previously attached modules.
EnumerateLoadedModulesW64(currentprocess, detachfrommodule, NULL);
dwCurProcessID = GetCurrentProcessId();
// See if any threads that have ever entered VLD's code are still active.
EnterCriticalSection(&m_tlslock);
for (tlsit = m_tlsset->begin(); tlsit != m_tlsset->end(); ++tlsit) {
if ((*tlsit)->threadid == GetCurrentThreadId()) {
// Don't wait for the current thread to exit.
continue;
}
thread = OpenThread(SYNCHRONIZE | THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, (*tlsit)->threadid);
if (thread == NULL) {
// Couldn't query this thread. We'll assume that it exited.
continue; // XXX should we check GetLastError()?
}
if (GetProcessIdOfThread(thread) != dwCurProcessID) {
//The thread ID has been recycled.
CloseHandle(thread);
continue;
}
while (WaitForSingleObject(thread, 10000) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) { // 10 seconds
// There is still at least one other thread running. The CRT
// will stomp it dead when it cleans up, which is not a
// graceful way for a thread to go down. Warn about this,
// and wait until the thread has exited so that we know it
// can't still be off running somewhere in VLD's code.
//
// Since we've been waiting a while, let the human know we are
// still here and alive.
threadsactive = TRUE;
report(L"Visual Leak Detector: Waiting for threads to terminate...\n");
}
CloseHandle(thread);
}
LeaveCriticalSection(&m_tlslock);
if (m_status & VLD_STATUS_NEVER_ENABLED) {
// Visual Leak Detector started with leak detection disabled and
// it was never enabled at runtime. A lot of good that does.
report(L"WARNING: Visual Leak Detector: Memory leak detection was never enabled.\n");
}
else {
// Generate a memory leak report for each heap in the process.
for (heapit = m_heapmap->begin(); heapit != m_heapmap->end(); ++heapit) {
heap = (*heapit).first;
reportleaks(heap);
}
// Show a summary.
if (m_leaksfound == 0) {
report(L"No memory leaks detected.\n");
}
else {
report(L"Visual Leak Detector detected %lu memory leak", m_leaksfound);
report((m_leaksfound > 1) ? L"s.\n" : L".\n");
}
}
// Free resources used by the symbol handler.
if (!SymCleanup(currentprocess)) {
report(L"WARNING: Visual Leak Detector: The symbol handler failed to deallocate resources (error=%lu).\n",
GetLastError());
}
// Free internally allocated resources used by the heapmap and blockmap.
for (heapit = m_heapmap->begin(); heapit != m_heapmap->end(); ++heapit) {
blockmap = &(*heapit).second->blockmap;
for (blockit = blockmap->begin(); blockit != blockmap->end(); ++blockit) {
delete (*blockit).second->callstack;
delete (*blockit).second;
}
delete blockmap;
}
delete m_heapmap;
// Free internally allocated resources used by the loaded module set.
for (moduleit = m_loadedmodules->begin(); moduleit != m_loadedmodules->end(); ++moduleit) {
delete (*moduleit).name;
delete (*moduleit).path;
}
delete m_loadedmodules;
// Free internally allocated resources used for thread local storage.
for (tlsit = m_tlsset->begin(); tlsit != m_tlsset->end(); ++tlsit) {
delete *tlsit;
}
delete m_tlsset;
// Do a memory leak self-check.
header = vldblocklist;
while (header) {
// Doh! VLD still has an internally allocated block!
// This won't ever actually happen, right guys?... guys?
internalleaks++;
leakfile = header->file;
leakline = header->line;
mbstowcs_s(&count, leakfilew, MAX_PATH, leakfile, _TRUNCATE);
report(L"ERROR: Visual Leak Detector: Detected a memory leak internal to Visual Leak Detector!!\n");
report(L"---------- Block %ld at " ADDRESSFORMAT L": %u bytes ----------\n", header->serialnumber,
VLDBLOCKDATA(header), header->size);
report(L" Call Stack:\n");
report(L" %s (%d): Full call stack not available.\n", leakfilew, leakline);
if (m_maxdatadump != 0) {
report(L" Data:\n");
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_UNICODE_REPORT) {
dumpmemoryw(VLDBLOCKDATA(header), (m_maxdatadump < header->size) ? m_maxdatadump : header->size);
}
else {
dumpmemorya(VLDBLOCKDATA(header), (m_maxdatadump < header->size) ? m_maxdatadump : header->size);
}
}
report(L"\n");
header = header->next;
}
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_SELF_TEST) {
if ((internalleaks == 1) && (strcmp(leakfile, m_selftestfile) == 0) && (leakline == m_selftestline)) {
report(L"Visual Leak Detector passed the memory leak self-test.\n");
}
else {
report(L"ERROR: Visual Leak Detector: Failed the memory leak self-test.\n");
}
}
if (threadsactive == TRUE) {
report(L"WARNING: Visual Leak Detector: Some threads appear to have not terminated normally.\n"
L" This could cause inaccurate leak detection results, including false positives.\n");
}
report(L"Visual Leak Detector is now exiting.\n");
}
else {
// VLD failed to load properly.
delete m_heapmap;
delete m_tlsset;
}
HeapDestroy(vldheap);
DeleteCriticalSection(&imagelock);
DeleteCriticalSection(&m_loaderlock);
DeleteCriticalSection(&m_maplock);
DeleteCriticalSection(&m_moduleslock);
DeleteCriticalSection(&stackwalklock);
DeleteCriticalSection(&symbollock);
DeleteCriticalSection(&vldheaplock);
if (m_tlsindex != TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES) {
TlsFree(m_tlsindex);
}
if (m_reportfile != NULL) {
fclose(m_reportfile);
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Private Leak Detection Functions
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// attachtoloadedmodules - Attaches VLD to all modules contained in the provided
// ModuleSet. Not all modules are in the ModuleSet will actually be included
// in leak detection. Only modules that import the global VisualLeakDetector
// class object, or those that are otherwise explicitly included in leak
// detection, will be checked for memory leaks.
//
// When VLD attaches to a module, it means that any of the imports listed in
// the import patch table which are imported by the module, will be redirected
// to VLD's designated replacements.
//
// - newmodules (IN): Pointer to a ModuleSet containing information about any
// loaded modules that need to be attached.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
VOID VisualLeakDetector::attachtoloadedmodules (ModuleSet *newmodules)
{
size_t count;
DWORD64 modulebase;
UINT32 moduleflags;
IMAGEHLP_MODULE64 moduleimageinfo;
LPCSTR modulename;
#define MAXMODULENAME (_MAX_FNAME + _MAX_EXT)
WCHAR modulenamew [MAXMODULENAME];
LPCSTR modulepath;
DWORD modulesize;
ModuleSet::Iterator newit;
ModuleSet::Iterator oldit;
ModuleSet *oldmodules;
BOOL refresh;
UINT tablesize = sizeof(m_patchtable) / sizeof(patchentry_t);
ModuleSet::Muterator updateit;
// Iterate through the supplied set, until all modules have been attached.
for (newit = newmodules->begin(); newit != newmodules->end(); ++newit) {
modulebase = (DWORD64)(*newit).addrlow;
moduleflags = 0x0;
modulename = (*newit).name;
modulepath = (*newit).path;
modulesize = (DWORD)((*newit).addrhigh - (*newit).addrlow) + 1;
refresh = FALSE;
EnterCriticalSection(&m_moduleslock);
oldmodules = m_loadedmodules;
if (oldmodules != NULL) {
// This is not the first time we have been called to attach to the
// currently loaded modules.
oldit = oldmodules->find(*newit);
if (oldit != oldmodules->end()) {
// We've seen this "new" module loaded in the process before.
moduleflags = (*oldit).flags;
LeaveCriticalSection(&m_moduleslock);
if (moduleispatched((HMODULE)modulebase, m_patchtable, tablesize)) {
// This module is already attached. Just update the module's
// flags, nothing more.
updateit = newit;
(*updateit).flags = moduleflags;
continue;
}
else {
// This module may have been attached before and has been
// detached. We'll need to try reattaching to it in case it
// was unloaded and then subsequently reloaded.
refresh = TRUE;
}
}
else {
LeaveCriticalSection(&m_moduleslock);
}
}
else {
LeaveCriticalSection(&m_moduleslock);
}
EnterCriticalSection(&symbollock);
if ((refresh == TRUE) && (moduleflags & VLD_MODULE_SYMBOLSLOADED)) {
// Discard the previously loaded symbols, so we can refresh them.
if (SymUnloadModule64(currentprocess, modulebase) == FALSE) {
report(L"WARNING: Visual Leak Detector: Failed to unload the symbols for %s. Function names and line"
L" numbers shown in the memory leak report for %s may be inaccurate.", modulename, modulename);
}
}
// Try to load the module's symbols. This ensures that we have loaded
// the symbols for every module that has ever been loaded into the
// process, guaranteeing the symbols' availability when generating the
// leak report.
moduleimageinfo.SizeOfStruct = sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64);
if ((SymGetModuleInfoW64(currentprocess, (DWORD64)modulebase, &moduleimageinfo) == TRUE) ||
((SymLoadModule64(currentprocess, NULL, modulepath, NULL, modulebase, modulesize) == modulebase) &&
(SymGetModuleInfoW64(currentprocess, modulebase, &moduleimageinfo) == TRUE))) {
moduleflags |= VLD_MODULE_SYMBOLSLOADED;
}
LeaveCriticalSection(&symbollock);
if (_stricmp("vld.dll", modulename) == 0) {
// What happens when a module goes through it's own portal? Bad things.
// Like infinite recursion. And ugly bald men wearing dresses. VLD
// should not, therefore, attach to itself.
continue;
}
mbstowcs_s(&count, modulenamew, MAXMODULENAME, modulename, _TRUNCATE);
if ((findimport((HMODULE)modulebase, m_vldbase, "vld.dll", "?vld@@3VVisualLeakDetector@@A") == FALSE) &&
(wcsstr(vld.m_forcedmodulelist, modulenamew) == NULL)) {
// This module does not import VLD. This means that none of the module's
// sources #included vld.h. Exclude this module from leak detection.
moduleflags |= VLD_MODULE_EXCLUDED;
}
else if (!(moduleflags & VLD_MODULE_SYMBOLSLOADED) || (moduleimageinfo.SymType == SymExport)) {
// This module is going to be included in leak detection, but complete
// symbols for this module couldn't be loaded. This means that any stack
// traces through this module may lack information, like line numbers
// and function names.
report(L"WARNING: Visual Leak Detector: A module, %s, included in memory leak detection\n"
L" does not have any debugging symbols available, or they could not be located.\n"
L" Function names and/or line numbers for this module may not be available.\n", modulename);
}
// Update the module's flags in the "new modules" set.
updateit = newit;
(*updateit).flags = moduleflags;
// Attach to the module.
patchmodule((HMODULE)modulebase, m_patchtable, tablesize);
}
}
// buildsymbolsearchpath - Builds the symbol search path for the symbol handler.
// This helps the symbol handler find the symbols for the application being
// debugged.
//
// Return Value:
//
// Returns a string containing the search path. The caller is responsible for
// freeing the string.
//
LPWSTR VisualLeakDetector::buildsymbolsearchpath ()
{
WCHAR directory [_MAX_DIR];
WCHAR drive [_MAX_DRIVE];
LPWSTR env;
DWORD envlen;
SIZE_T index;
SIZE_T length;
HMODULE module;
LPWSTR path = new WCHAR [MAX_PATH];
SIZE_T pos = 0;
WCHAR system [MAX_PATH];
WCHAR windows [MAX_PATH];
// Oddly, the symbol handler ignores the link to the PDB embedded in the
// executable image. So, we'll manually add the location of the executable
// to the search path since that is often where the PDB will be located.
path[0] = L'\0';
module = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
GetModuleFileName(module, path, MAX_PATH);
_wsplitpath_s(path, drive, _MAX_DRIVE, directory, _MAX_DIR, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
wcsncpy_s(path, MAX_PATH, drive, _TRUNCATE);
strapp(&path, directory);
// When the symbol handler is given a custom symbol search path, it will no
// longer search the default directories (working directory, system root,
// etc). But we'd like it to still search those directories, so we'll add
// them to our custom search path.
//
// Append the working directory.
strapp(&path, L";.\\");
// Append the Windows directory.
if (GetWindowsDirectory(windows, MAX_PATH) != 0) {
strapp(&path, L";");
strapp(&path, windows);
}
// Append the system directory.
if (GetSystemDirectory(system, MAX_PATH) != 0) {
strapp(&path, L";");
strapp(&path, system);
}
// Append %_NT_SYMBOL_PATH%.
envlen = GetEnvironmentVariable(L"_NT_SYMBOL_PATH", NULL, 0);
if (envlen != 0) {
env = new WCHAR [envlen];
if (GetEnvironmentVariable(L"_NT_SYMBOL_PATH", env, envlen) != 0) {
strapp(&path, L";");
strapp(&path, env);
}
delete [] env;
}
// Append %_NT_ALT_SYMBOL_PATH%.
envlen = GetEnvironmentVariable(L"_NT_ALT_SYMBOL_PATH", NULL, 0);
if (envlen != 0) {
env = new WCHAR [envlen];
if (GetEnvironmentVariable(L"_NT_ALT_SYMBOL_PATH", env, envlen) != 0) {
strapp(&path, L";");
strapp(&path, env);
}
delete [] env;
}
// Remove any quotes from the path. The symbol handler doesn't like them.
pos = 0;
length = wcslen(path);
while (pos < length) {
if (path[pos] == L'\"') {
for (index = pos; index < length; index++) {
path[index] = path[index + 1];
}
}
pos++;
}
return path;
}
// configure - Configures VLD using values read from the vld.ini file.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
VOID VisualLeakDetector::configure ()
{
#define BSIZE 64
WCHAR buffer [BSIZE];
WCHAR filename [MAX_PATH];
WCHAR inipath [MAX_PATH];
BOOL keyopen = FALSE;
DWORD length;
HKEY productkey;
LONG regstatus;
struct _stat s;
DWORD valuetype;
if (_wstat(L".\\vld.ini", &s) == 0) {
// Found a copy of vld.ini in the working directory. Use it.
wcsncpy_s(inipath, MAX_PATH, L".\\vld.ini", _TRUNCATE);
}
else {
// Get the location of the vld.ini file from the registry.
regstatus = RegOpenKeyEx(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, VLDREGKEYPRODUCT, 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE, &productkey);
if (regstatus == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
keyopen = TRUE;
regstatus = RegQueryValueEx(productkey, L"IniFile", NULL, &valuetype, (LPBYTE)&inipath, &length);
}
if (keyopen) {
RegCloseKey(productkey);
}
if ((regstatus != ERROR_SUCCESS) || (_wstat(inipath, &s) != 0)) {
// The location of vld.ini could not be read from the registry. As a
// last resort, look in the Windows directory.
wcsncpy_s(inipath, MAX_PATH, L"vld.ini", _TRUNCATE);
}
}
// Read the boolean options.
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"VLD", L"on", buffer, BSIZE, inipath);
if (strtobool(buffer) == FALSE) {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_VLDOFF;
return;
}
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"AggregateDuplicates", L"", buffer, BSIZE, inipath);
if (strtobool(buffer) == TRUE) {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_AGGREGATE_DUPLICATES;
}
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"SelfTest", L"", buffer, BSIZE, inipath);
if (strtobool(buffer) == TRUE) {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_SELF_TEST;
}
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"SlowDebuggerDump", L"", buffer, BSIZE, inipath);
if (strtobool(buffer) == TRUE) {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_SLOW_DEBUGGER_DUMP;
}
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"StartDisabled", L"", buffer, BSIZE, inipath);
if (strtobool(buffer) == TRUE) {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_START_DISABLED;
}
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"TraceInternalFrames", L"", buffer, BSIZE, inipath);
if (strtobool(buffer) == TRUE) {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_TRACE_INTERNAL_FRAMES;
}
// Read the integer configuration options.
m_maxdatadump = GetPrivateProfileInt(L"Options", L"MaxDataDump", VLD_DEFAULT_MAX_DATA_DUMP, inipath);
m_maxtraceframes = GetPrivateProfileInt(L"Options", L"MaxTraceFrames", VLD_DEFAULT_MAX_TRACE_FRAMES, inipath);
if (m_maxtraceframes < 1) {
m_maxtraceframes = VLD_DEFAULT_MAX_TRACE_FRAMES;
}
// Read the force-include module list.
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"ForceIncludeModules", L"", m_forcedmodulelist, MAXMODULELISTLENGTH, inipath);
_wcslwr_s(m_forcedmodulelist, MAXMODULELISTLENGTH);
// Read the report destination (debugger, file, or both).
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"ReportFile", L"", filename, MAX_PATH, inipath);
if (wcslen(filename) == 0) {
wcsncpy_s(filename, MAX_PATH, VLD_DEFAULT_REPORT_FILE_NAME, _TRUNCATE);
}
_wfullpath(m_reportfilepath, filename, MAX_PATH);
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"ReportTo", L"", buffer, BSIZE, inipath);
if (_wcsicmp(buffer, L"both") == 0) {
m_options |= (VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_DEBUGGER | VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_FILE);
}
else if (_wcsicmp(buffer, L"file") == 0) {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_FILE;
}
else {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_DEBUGGER;
}
// Read the report file encoding (ascii or unicode).
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"ReportEncoding", L"", buffer, BSIZE, inipath);
if (_wcsicmp(buffer, L"unicode") == 0) {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_UNICODE_REPORT;
}
if ((m_options & VLD_OPT_UNICODE_REPORT) && !(m_options & VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_FILE)) {
// If Unicode report encoding is enabled, then the report needs to be
// sent to a file because the debugger will not display Unicode
// characters, it will display question marks in their place instead.
m_options |= VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_FILE;
m_status |= VLD_STATUS_FORCE_REPORT_TO_FILE;
}
// Read the stack walking method.
GetPrivateProfileString(L"Options", L"StackWalkMethod", L"", buffer, BSIZE, inipath);
if (_wcsicmp(buffer, L"safe") == 0) {
m_options |= VLD_OPT_SAFE_STACK_WALK;
}
}
// enabled - Determines if memory leak detection is enabled for the current
// thread.
//
// Return Value:
//
// Returns true if Visual Leak Detector is enabled for the current thread.
// Otherwise, returns false.
//
BOOL VisualLeakDetector::enabled ()
{
tls_t *tls = vld.gettls();
if (!(m_status & VLD_STATUS_INSTALLED)) {
// Memory leak detection is not yet enabled because VLD is still
// initializing.
return FALSE;
}
if (!(tls->flags & VLD_TLS_DISABLED) && !(tls->flags & VLD_TLS_ENABLED)) {
// The enabled/disabled state for the current thread has not been
// initialized yet. Use the default state.
if (m_options & VLD_OPT_START_DISABLED) {
tls->flags |= VLD_TLS_DISABLED;
}
else {
tls->flags |= VLD_TLS_ENABLED;
}
}
return ((tls->flags & VLD_TLS_ENABLED) != 0);
}
// eraseduplicates - Erases, from the block maps, blocks that appear to be
// duplicate leaks of an already identified leak.
//
// - element (IN): BlockMap Iterator referencing the block of which to search
// for duplicates.
//
// Return Value:
//
// Returns the number of duplicate blocks erased from the block map.
//
SIZE_T VisualLeakDetector::eraseduplicates (const BlockMap::Iterator &element)
{
BlockMap::Iterator blockit;
BlockMap *blockmap;
blockinfo_t *elementinfo;
SIZE_T erased = 0;
HeapMap::Iterator heapit;
blockinfo_t *info;
BlockMap::Iterator previt;
elementinfo = (*element).second;
// Iteratate through all block maps, looking for blocks with the same size
// and callstack as the specified element.
for (heapit = m_heapmap->begin(); heapit != m_heapmap->end(); ++heapit) {
blockmap = &(*heapit).second->blockmap;
for (blockit = blockmap->begin(); blockit != blockmap->end(); ++blockit) {
if (blockit == element) {
// Don't delete the element of which we are searching for
// duplicates.
continue;
}
info = (*blockit).second;
if ((info->size == elementinfo->size) && (*(info->callstack) == *(elementinfo->callstack))) {
// Found a duplicate. Erase it.
delete info->callstack;
delete info;
previt = blockit - 1;
blockmap->erase(blockit);
blockit = previt;
erased++;
}
}
}
return erased;
}
// gettls - Obtains the thread local storage structure for the calling thread.
//
// Return Value:
//
// Returns a pointer to the thread local storage structure. (This function
// always succeeds).
//
tls_t* VisualLeakDetector::gettls ()
{
tls_t *tls;
// Get the pointer to this thread's thread local storage structure.
tls = (tls_t*)TlsGetValue(m_tlsindex);
assert(GetLastError() == ERROR_SUCCESS);
if (tls == NULL) {
// This thread's thread local storage structure has not been allocated.
tls = new tls_t;
TlsSetValue(m_tlsindex, tls);
tls->addrfp = 0x0;
tls->flags = 0x0;
tls->threadid = GetCurrentThreadId();
// Add this thread's TLS to the TlsSet.
EnterCriticalSection(&m_tlslock);
m_tlsset->insert(tls);
LeaveCriticalSection(&m_tlslock);