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terraform-azurerm-vm-mssql

README.md

#AzureSandbox - terraform-azurerm-vm-mssql

vm-mssql-diagram

Contents

Overview

This configuration implements an IaaS database server virtual machine based on the SQL Server virtual machines in Azure offering.

Activity Estimated time required
Pre-configuration ~10 minutes
Provisioning ~30 minutes
Smoke testing ~10 minutes

Before you start

terraform-azurerm-vnet-app must be provisioned first before starting. This configuration is optional and can be skipped to reduce costs. Proceed with terraform-azurerm-mssql if you wish to skip it.

Getting started

This section describes how to provision this configuration using default settings.

  • Change the working directory.

    cd ~/azuresandbox/terraform-azurerm-vm-mssql

  • Add an environment variable containing the password for the service principal.

    export TF_VAR_arm_client_secret=YourServicePrincipalSecret

  • Run bootstrap.sh using the default settings or custom settings.

    ./bootstrap.sh

  • Apply the Terraform configuration.

    # Initialize terraform providers
terraform init

# Validate configuration files
terraform validate

# Review plan output
terraform plan

# Apply configuration
terraform apply

  • Monitor output. Upon completion, you should see a message similar to the following:

    Apply complete! Resources: 7 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.

    Note: The script aadsc-register-node-ps1 may report errors, but implements retry logic to ensure that Azure Automation Desired State Configuration node registration succeeds up to a maximum of 180 attempts.

  • Inspect terraform.tfstate.

    # List resources managed by terraform
terraform state list

Smoke testing

  • From jumpwin1, test DNS queries for SQL Server (IaaS)

    • Using Windows PowerShell, run the command:

      Resolve-DnsName mssqlwin1

    • Verify the IPAddress returned is within the subnet IP address prefix for azurerm_subnet.vnet_app_01_subnets["snet-db-01"], e.g. 10.2.1.*.

    • Note: This DNS query is resolved by the DNS Server running on azurerm_windows_virtual_machine.vm_adds.

  • From jumpwin1, test SQL Server Connectivity with SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)
    • Navigate to Start > Microsoft SQL Server Tools 18 > Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio 18
    • Connect to the default instance of SQL Server installed on the database server virtual machine using the following default values:
      • Server name: mssqlwin1
      • Authentication: Windows Authentication (this will default to MYSANDBOX\bootstrapadmin)
      • Create a new database named testdb.
        • Verify the data files were stored on the M: drive
        • Verify the log file were stored on the L: drive

Documentation

This section provides additional information on various aspects of this configuration.

Bootstrap script

This configuration uses the script bootstrap.sh to create a terraform.tfvars file for generating and applying Terraform plans. For simplified deployment, several runtime defaults are initialized using output variables stored in the terraform.tfstate file associated with the terraform-azurerm-vnet-shared and terraform-azurerm-vnet-app configurations, including:

Output variable Sample value
aad_tenant_id "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
adds_domain_name "mysandbox.local"
admin_password_secret "adminpassword"
admin_username_secret "adminuser"
arm_client_id "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
automation_account_name "auto-9a633c2bba9351cc-01"
key_vault_id "/subscriptions/00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000/resourceGroups/rg-sandbox-01/providers/Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/kv-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
key_vault_name "kv-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
location "eastus"
resource_group_name "rg-sandbox-01"
storage_account_name "stXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"
storage_container_name "scripts"
subscription_id "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
tags tomap( { "costcenter" = "10177772" "environment" = "dev" "project" = "#AzureSandbox" } )
vnet_app_01_subnets Contains all the subnet definitions including snet-app-01, snet-db-01, snet-mysql-01 and snet-privatelink-01.

The following PowerShell scripts are uploaded to the scripts container in the storage account using the access key stored in the key vault secret storage_account_key so they can be referenced by virtual machine extensions:

Configuration of Azure Automation State Configuration (DSC) is performed by configure-automation.ps1 including the following:

Terraform Resources

This section lists the resources included in this configuration.

Database server virtual machine

The configuration for these resources can be found in 020-vm-mssql-win.tf.

Resource name (ARM) Notes
azurerm_windows_virtual_machine . vm_mssql_win (mssqlwin1) By default, provisions a Standard_B4ms virtual machine for use as a database server. See below for more information.
azurerm_network_interface . vm_mssql_win_nic_01 (nic‑mssqlwin1‑1) The configured subnet is azurerm_subnet.vnet_app_01_subnets["snet-db-01"].
azurerm_managed_disk . vm_mssql_win_data_disks ["sqldata"] (disk‑mssqlwin1‑vol_sqldata_M) By default, provisions an E10 Standard SSD managed disk for storing SQL Server data files. Caching is set to ReadOnly by default.
azurerm_managed_disk . vm_mssql_win_data_disks ["sqllog"] (disk‑mssqlwin1‑vol_sqllog_L) By default, provisions an E4 Standard SSD managed disk for storing SQL Server log files. Caching is set to None by default.
azurerm_virtual_machine_data_disk_attachment . vm_mssql_win_data_disk_attachments ["sqldata"] Attaches azurerm_managed_disk.vm_mssql_win_data_disks["sqldata"] to azurerm_windows_virtual_machine.vm_mssql_win.
azurerm_virtual_machine_data_disk_attachment . vm_mssql_win_data_disk_attachments ["sqllog"] Attaches azurerm_managed_disk.vm_mssql_win_data_disks["sqllog"] to azurerm_windows_virtual_machine.vm_mssql_win
azurerm_virtual_machine_extension . vm_mssql_win_postdeploy_script (vmext‑mssqlwin1‑postdeploy‑script) Downloads configure‑vm‑mssql.ps1 and sql‑startup.ps1 to azurerm_windows_virtual_machine.vm_mssql_win and executes configure‑vm‑mssql.ps1 using the Custom Script Extension for Windows.
  • Guest OS: Windows Server 2022 Datacenter.
  • Database: Microsoft SQL Server 2022 Developer Edition
  • By default the patch orchestration mode is set to AutomaticByOS rather than AutomaticByPlatform. This is intentional in case the user wishes to use the SQL Server IaaS Agent extension for patching both Windows Server and SQL Server.
  • admin_username and admin_password are configured using key vault secrets adminuser and adminpassword.
  • This resource is configured using a provisioner that runs aadsc-register-node.ps1 which registers the node with azurerm_automation_account.automation_account_01 and applies the configuration MssqlVmConfig.ps1.
    • The default SQL Server instance is configured to support mixed mode authentication. This is to facilitate post-installation configuration of the default instance before the virtual machine is domain joined, and can be reconfigured to Windows authentication mode if required.
      • The builtin sa account is enabled and the password is configured using adminpassword key vault secret.
      • The LoginMode registry key is modified to support mixed mode authentication.
    • The virtual machine is domain joined.
    • The Windows Firewall is Configured to Allow SQL Server Access. A new firewall rule is created that allows inbound traffic over port 1433.
    • A SQL Server Windows login is added for the domain administrator and added to the SQL Server builtin sysadmin role.
  • Post-deployment configuration is then implemented using a custom script extension that runs configure-mssql.ps1 following guidelines established in Checklist: Best practices for SQL Server on Azure VMs.
    • Data disk metadata is retrieved dynamically using the Azure Instance Metadata Service (Windows) including:
      • Volume label and drive letter, e.g. vol_sqldata_M
      • Size
      • Lun
    • The metadata is then used to partition and format the raw data disks using the SQL Server recommended allocation unit size of 64K.
    • The tempdb database is moved from the OS disk to the Azure local temporary disk (D:) and special logic is implemented to avoid errors if the Azure virtual machine is stopped, deallocated and restarted on a different host. If this occurs the D:\SQLTEMP folder must be recreated with appropriate permissions in order to start the SQL Server.
      • The SQL Server is configured for manual startup
      • The scheduled task sql-startup.ps1 is created to recreate the D:\SQLTEMP folder then start SQL Server. The scheduled task is set to run automatically at startup using domain administrator credentials.
    • The data and log files for the master, model and msdb system databases are moved to the data and log disks respectively.
    • The SQL Server errorlog is moved to the data disk.

Next steps

Move on to the next configuration terraform-azurerm-mssql.