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简单
位运算
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English Version

题目描述

给定一个正整数 n,编写一个函数,获取一个正整数的二进制形式并返回其二进制表达式中 设置位 的个数(也被称为汉明重量)。

 

示例 1:

输入:n = 11
输出:3
解释:输入的二进制串 1011 中,共有 3 个设置位。

示例 2:

输入:n = 128
输出:1
解释:输入的二进制串 10000000 中,共有 1 个设置位。

示例 3:

输入:n = 2147483645
输出:30
解释:输入的二进制串 1111111111111111111111111111101 中,共有 30 个设置位。

 

提示:

  • 1 <= n <= 231 - 1

 

进阶

  • 如果多次调用这个函数,你将如何优化你的算法?

解法

方法一:位运算

利用 n & (n - 1) 消除 n 中最后一位 1 这一特点,优化过程:

HAMMING-WEIGHT(n)
    r = 0
    while n != 0
        n &= n - 1
        r += 1
    r

以 5 为例,演示推演过程:

[0, 1, 0, 1] // 5
[0, 1, 0, 0] // 5 - 1 = 4
[0, 1, 0, 0] // 5 & 4 = 4

[0, 1, 0, 0] // 4
[0, 0, 1, 1] // 4 - 1 = 3
[0, 0, 0, 0] // 4 & 3 = 0

Python3

class Solution:
    def hammingWeight(self, n: int) -> int:
        ans = 0
        while n:
            n &= n - 1
            ans += 1
        return ans

Java

public class Solution {
    // you need to treat n as an unsigned value
    public int hammingWeight(int n) {
        int ans = 0;
        while (n != 0) {
            n &= n - 1;
            ++ans;
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int hammingWeight(uint32_t n) {
        int ans = 0;
        while (n) {
            n &= n - 1;
            ++ans;
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

Go

func hammingWeight(num uint32) int {
	ans := 0
	for num != 0 {
		num &= num - 1
		ans++
	}
	return ans
}

TypeScript

function hammingWeight(n: number): number {
    let ans: number = 0;
    while (n !== 0) {
        ans++;
        n &= n - 1;
    }
    return ans;
}

Rust

impl Solution {
    pub fn hammingWeight(n: u32) -> i32 {
        n.count_ones() as i32
    }
}

JavaScript

/**
 * @param {number} n - a positive integer
 * @return {number}
 */
var hammingWeight = function (n) {
    let ans = 0;
    while (n) {
        n &= n - 1;
        ++ans;
    }
    return ans;
};

C

int hammingWeight(uint32_t n) {
    int ans = 0;
    while (n) {
        n &= n - 1;
        ans++;
    }
    return ans;
}

Kotlin

class Solution {
    fun hammingWeight(n: Int): Int {
        var count = 0
        var num = n
        while (num != 0) {
            num = num and (num - 1)
            count++
        }
        return count
    }
}

方法二:lowbit

x -= (x & -x) 可以消除二进制形式的最后一位 1。

剑指 Offer 15. 二进制中 1 的个数

Python3

class Solution:
    def hammingWeight(self, n: int) -> int:
        ans = 0
        while n:
            n -= n & -n
            ans += 1
        return ans

Java

public class Solution {
    // you need to treat n as an unsigned value
    public int hammingWeight(int n) {
        int ans = 0;
        while (n != 0) {
            n -= (n & -n);
            ++ans;
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    int hammingWeight(uint32_t n) {
        int ans = 0;
        while (n) {
            n -= (n & -n);
            ++ans;
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

Go

func hammingWeight(num uint32) int {
	ans := 0
	for num != 0 {
		num -= (num & -num)
		ans++
	}
	return ans
}

TypeScript

function hammingWeight(n: number): number {
    let count = 0;
    while (n) {
        n -= n & -n;
        count++;
    }
    return count;
}

Rust

impl Solution {
    pub fn hammingWeight(mut n: u32) -> i32 {
        let mut res = 0;
        while n != 0 {
            n &= n - 1;
            res += 1;
        }
        res
    }
}

JavaScript

/**
 * @param {number} n
 * @return {number}
 */
var hammingWeight = function (n) {
    let count = 0;
    while (n) {
        n -= n & -n;
        count++;
    }
    return count;
};

Kotlin

class Solution {
    fun hammingWeight(n: Int): Int {
        var count = 0
        var num = n
        while (num != 0) {
            num -= num and (-num)
            count++
        }
        return count
    }
}