rain.js

/**
 * Raindrop fragment shader, being used by PIXI.js in the EffectCanvas object
 * {{uniforms: {time: {type: string, value: number}, iResolution: {type: string, value: [*]}}, fragment: string}}
 */
 const shaderData = {
  uniforms: {
    iResolution: {
      type: 'v2',
      value: [
        window.innerWidth,
        window.innerHeight,
      ],
    },
    vTextureSize: {
      type: 'v2',
      value: [
        0,
        0,
      ],
    },
    uTextureForeground: {
      type: 'sampler2D',
      value: null,
    },
    uTextureBackground: {
      type: 'sampler2D',
      value: null,
    },
    uTextureDropShine: {
      type: 'sampler2D',
      value: null,
    },
  },

  fragment: `
        precision mediump float;
    
        //Textures
        uniform sampler2D uTextureForeground;
        uniform sampler2D uTextureBackground;
        uniform sampler2D uTextureDropShine;
        
        //Canvas image data
        uniform sampler2D uSampler;
    
        //The resolution and coordinates of the current pixel
        uniform vec2 iResolution;
        uniform vec2 vTextureSize;
        varying vec2 vTextureCoord;
        
        //Function to get the vec2 value of the current coordinate
        vec2 texCoord(){
            return vec2(gl_FragCoord.x, iResolution.y - gl_FragCoord.y) / iResolution;
        }

        //Scales the bg up and proportionally to fill the container
        vec2 scaledTextureCoordinate(){
            float ratioCanvas = iResolution.x / iResolution.y;
            float ratioImage = vTextureSize.x / vTextureSize.y;
            
            vec2 scale = vec2(1, 1);
            vec2 offset = vec2(0, 0);
            float ratioDelta = ratioCanvas - ratioImage;

            if(ratioDelta >= 0.0){
                scale.y = (1.0 + ratioDelta);
                offset.y = ratioDelta / 2.0;
            }else{
                scale.x = (1.0 - ratioDelta);
                offset.x = -(ratioDelta / 2.0);
            }

            return (texCoord() + offset) / scale;
        }
        
        //Alpha-blends two colors
        vec4 blend(vec4 bg, vec4 fg){
            vec3 bgm = bg.rgb * bg.a;
            vec3 fgm = fg.rgb * fg.a;
            float ia = 1.0 - fg.a;
            float a = (fg.a + bg.a * ia);
            
            vec3 rgb;
            
            if(a != 0.0){
                rgb = (fgm + bgm * ia) / a;
            }else{
                rgb = vec3(0.0,0.0,0.0);
            }
            
            return vec4(rgb,a);
        }
        
        vec2 pixel(){
            return vec2(1.0, 1.0) / iResolution;
        }
        
        //Get color from fg
        vec4 fgColor(){
            return texture2D(uSampler, vTextureCoord);
        }
                
        void main(){
            vec4 bg = texture2D(uTextureBackground, scaledTextureCoordinate());
            vec4 cur = fgColor();

            float d = cur.b; // "thickness"
            float x = cur.g;
            float y = cur.r;
            float a = smoothstep(0.65, 0.7, cur.a);
            
            vec4 smoothstepped = vec4(y, x, d, a);

            vec2 refraction = (vec2(x, y) - 0.5) * 2.0;
            vec2 refractionPos = scaledTextureCoordinate() + (pixel() * refraction * (256.0 + (d * 512.0)));
            vec4 tex = texture2D(uTextureForeground, refractionPos);
            
            float maxShine = 390.0;
            float minShine = maxShine * 0.18;
            vec2 shinePos = vec2(0.5, 0.5) + ((1.0 / 512.0) * refraction) * -(minShine + ((maxShine-minShine) * d));
            vec4 shine = texture2D(uTextureDropShine, shinePos);
            tex = blend(tex,shine);
            
            vec4 fg = vec4(tex.rgb, a);
            gl_FragColor = blend(bg, fg);
        }
	`,
};

const assets = {
  alphaImage: 'assets/alpha.png',
  shineImage: 'assets/shine.png',
  backgroundImage: `assets/bg.jpg`,
  foregroundImage: `assets/fg.jpg`,
};

/**
 * Application Class
 * Bootstraps the entire application and initializes all objects
 */
class Application {
  /**
   * Application constructor
   */
  constructor() {
    this.width = window.innerWidth;
    this.height = window.innerHeight;
    this.frameRate = 60;
    this.lastFrameTime = 0;

    // Define the assets that PIXI needs to preload to use later in the application
    this.loader = PIXI.loader
      .add(assets.alphaImage)
      .add(assets.shineImage)
      .add(assets.backgroundImage)
      .add(assets.foregroundImage)
      .load(() => this.initialize());
  }

  /**
   * Initialize is ran when the image loader is done loading all resources
   * @return void
   */
  initialize() {
    // Create the Stats object and append it to the DOM
    this.stats = new Stats();
    this.stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
    this.stats.domElement.style.left = '0px';
    this.stats.domElement.style.top = '0px';
    this.stats.domElement.style.zIndex = '9000';
    document.body.appendChild(this.stats.domElement);

    // Create a new instance of the EffectCanvas which is going to produce all of the visuals
    this.effectCanvas = new EffectCanvas(this.width, this.height, this.loader);

    // Resize listener for the canvas to fill browser window dynamically
    window.addEventListener('resize', () => this.resizeCanvas(), false);

    // Start the initial loop function for the first time
    this.loop();
  }

  /**
   * Simple resize function. Reinitializing everything on the canvas while changing the width/height
   * @return {void}
   */
  resizeCanvas() {
    this.width = window.innerWidth;
    this.height = window.innerHeight;

    this.effectCanvas.resize(this.width, this.height);
  }

  /**
   * Update and render the application at least 60 times a second
   * @return {void}
   */
  loop() {
    const currentTime = performance.now(); // Get the current timestamp in milliseconds

    if (currentTime - this.lastFrameTime >= 1000 / this.frameRate) {
      this.lastFrameTime = currentTime;

      window.requestAnimationFrame(() => this.loop());

      this.stats.begin();

      this.effectCanvas.update(this.width, this.height);
      this.effectCanvas.render();

      this.stats.end();
    } else {
      // If the frame rate is too fast, wait for the next frame
      window.requestAnimationFrame(() => this.loop());
    }
  }
}

/**
 * EffectCanvas Class
 */
class EffectCanvas {
  /**
   * EffectCanvas constructor
   */
  constructor(width, height, loader) {
    // Create and configure the renderer
    this.renderer = new PIXI.autoDetectRenderer(width, height, {
      antialias: false,
      transparent: true,
    });
    this.renderer.autoResize = true;
    document.body.appendChild(this.renderer.view);

    // Create a container object called the `stage`
    this.stage = new PIXI.Container();

    // Create a graphics object that is as big as the scene of the users window
    // Else the shader won't fill the entire screen
    this.background = new PIXI.Graphics();
    this.background.fillAlphanumber = 0;
    this.background.beginFill('0xffffff');
    this.background.drawRect(0, 0, width, height);
    this.background.endFill();
    this.background.alpha = 0;
    this.stage.addChild(this.background);

    // Create the DropletManager and pass it the stage so it can insert the droplet containers into it
    this.dropletManager = new DropletManager(this.stage, loader);

    // Send information about the textures and the size of the background texture through the uniforms to the shader
    shaderData.uniforms.uTextureDropShine.value = loader.resources[assets.shineImage].texture;
    shaderData.uniforms.uTextureBackground.value = loader.resources[assets.backgroundImage].texture;
    shaderData.uniforms.uTextureForeground.value = loader.resources[assets.foregroundImage].texture;
    shaderData.uniforms.vTextureSize.value = [
      loader.resources[assets.backgroundImage].texture.width,
      loader.resources[assets.backgroundImage].texture.height,
    ];

    // Create our Pixi filter using our custom shader code
    this.dropletShader = new PIXI.Filter('', shaderData.fragment, shaderData.uniforms);

    // Apply it to our object
    this.stage.filters = [this.dropletShader];
  }

  /**
   * Simple resize function which redraws our graphics object that should fill the entire screen
   * @return {void}
   */
  resize(width, height) {
    this.renderer.resize(width, height);

    this.background.clear();
    this.background.beginFill('0xffffff');
    this.background.drawRect(0, 0, width, height);
    this.background.endFill();
  }

  /**
   * Updates the application and every child of the application
   * @return {void}
   */
  update(width, height) {
    this.updateShader(width, height);
    this.dropletManager.update(width, height);
  }

  /**
   * Updates the uniform values in the shader
   * @return {void}
   */
  updateShader(width, height) {
    this.dropletShader.uniforms.iResolution = [
      width,
      height,
    ];
  }

  /**
   * Renders the application and every child of the application
   * @return {void}
   */
  render() {
    this.renderer.render(this.stage);
  }
}

/**
 * DropletManager class
 */
class DropletManager {
  /**
   * EffectCanvas constructor
   */
  constructor(stage, loader) {
    let smallDropletAmount = 9000;
    let largeDropletAmount = 200;

    //Quick implementation to make sure there aren't out of this world thunderstorms on mobile
    if(stage.width < 700){
      smallDropletAmount = 3000;
      largeDropletAmount = 150;
    }

    this.options = {
      spawnRate: {
        small: 0.6,
        large: 0.05,
      },
      spawnsPerFrame: {
        small: 200,
        large: 5,
      },
      spawnMass: {
        small: {
          min: 1,
          max: 2,
        },
        large: {
          min: 7,
          max: 10,
        },
      },
      poolDroplets: {
        small: {
          min: smallDropletAmount - 500,
          max: smallDropletAmount,
        },
        large: {
          min: largeDropletAmount - 100,
          max: largeDropletAmount,
        },
      },
      maximumMassGravity: 17,
      maximumMass: 21,
      dropletGrowSpeed: 1,
      dropletShrinkSpeed: 2,
      dropletContainerSize: 100,
    };

    // Define a position matrix so we can calculate all the edges of a droplet in a single loop
    this.positionMatrix = [
      [-1, -1],
      [1, -1],
      [-1, 1],
      [1, 1],
    ];

    this.smallDroplets = [];
    this.largeDroplets = [];

    this.dropletSmallTexture = loader.resources[assets.alphaImage].texture;
    this.dropletLargeTexture = loader.resources[assets.alphaImage].texture;

    // Create a container for all the droplets
    this.smallDropletContainer = new DropletPool(Droplet, this.dropletSmallTexture, this.options.poolDroplets.small.min, this.options.poolDroplets.small.max);
    this.largeDropletContainer = new DropletPool(LargeDroplet, this.dropletLargeTexture, this.options.poolDroplets.large.min, this.options.poolDroplets.large.max);

    stage.addChild(this.largeDropletContainer);
    stage.addChild(this.smallDropletContainer);
  }

  /**
   * Updates the application and every child of the application
   * @return {void}
   */
  update(width, height) {
    DropletManager.removeLargeOffscreenDroplets(width, height, this.largeDroplets, this.largeDropletContainer);

    // Trigger the spawn function for a small droplet as much times as is configured in the options
    for (let i = 0; i < this.options.spawnsPerFrame.small; i++) {
      this.spawnNewSmallDroplet(width, height);
    }

    // Trigger the spawn function for a large droplet as much times as is configured in the options
    for (let i = 0; i < this.options.spawnsPerFrame.large; i++) {
      this.spawnNewLargeDroplet(width, height);
    }

    // Check if we need to do anything with a large Droplet
    // We don't process small droplets because they are 'dumb' objects that don't move after they've spawned
    this.checkLargeDropletLogic();
  }

  /**
   * Checks whether a big droplet hits a smaller droplet, if so, it grows by half of the smaller droplets size
   * @return {void}
   */
  checkLargeDropletLogic() {
    // Store the length of the array so the for loop doesn't have to do that every run
    const largeDropletsLength = this.largeDroplets.length;

    for (let i = largeDropletsLength - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      this.updateLargeDropletSize(this.largeDroplets[i]);
      this.checkDropletMovement(this.largeDroplets[i]);
      this.checkLargeToSmallDropletCollision(this.largeDroplets[i]);
      this.checkLargeToLargeDropletCollision(this.largeDroplets[i]);
      this.removeLargeDroplets(i);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Function that checks if a single large Droplet should be removed
   * @param i - The current droplet that we are processing
   */
  removeLargeDroplets(i) {
    if (this.largeDroplets[i].mass === 0 && this.largeDroplets[i].toBeRemoved === true) {
      this.largeDropletContainer.destroy(this.largeDroplets[i]);
      this.largeDroplets.splice(i, 1);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Function that updates the size of a single large Droplet
   * @param droplet
   */
  updateLargeDropletSize(droplet) {
    // If a droplet needs to be removed, we have to shrink it down to 0
    if (droplet.toBeRemoved === true) {
      this.shrinkDropletSize(droplet);
    } else {
      this.growDropletSize(droplet);
    }

    // Update the width and height of the droplet based on the new mass of the droplet
    droplet.width = droplet.mass * 6;
    droplet.height = droplet.mass * 7;
  }

  /**
   * Shrink a droplet based on the configured shrink speed. If it will be too small, we set the mass to 0
   * @param {LargeDroplet} droplet
   */
  shrinkDropletSize(droplet) {
    if (droplet.mass - this.options.dropletShrinkSpeed <= 0) {
      droplet.mass = 0;
    } else {
      droplet.mass -= this.options.dropletShrinkSpeed;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Grow a droplet based on the targetMass he has
   * @param {LargeDroplet} droplet
   */
  growDropletSize(droplet) {
    // If a droplet has already reached its target mass, exit here
    if (droplet.mass === droplet.targetMass) {
      return;
    }

    // Check if we can grow the droplet based on the configured grow speed
    if (droplet.mass + this.options.dropletGrowSpeed >= droplet.targetMass) {
      droplet.mass = droplet.targetMass;
    } else {
      droplet.mass += this.options.dropletGrowSpeed;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Check whether a large droplet should be moving or not
   * @param {LargeDroplet} droplet
   * @return {void}
   */
  checkDropletMovement(droplet) {
    // If the droplet is going to be removed at the end of this loop, don't bother checking it
    if (droplet.toBeRemoved === true) {
      return;
    }

    // Check if the droplets mass is high enough to be moving, and if the droplet is not moving yet
    if (droplet.mass < this.options.maximumMassGravity && droplet.dropletVelocity.y === 0 && droplet.dropletVelocity.x === 0) {
      // There's a slight chance that the droplet starts moving
      if (Math.random() < 0.01) {
        droplet.dropletVelocity.y = Utils.getRandomInt(0.5, 3);
      }
    } else if (droplet.mass < this.options.maximumMassGravity && droplet.dropletVelocity.y !== 0) {
      // There's a slight chance that the droplet shifts to the left or the right, just like real droplets attach to droplets near them
      if (Math.random() < 0.1) {
        droplet.x += Utils.getRandomInt(-10, 10) / 10;
      }

      // There's a slight chance that the droplet stops moving
      if (Math.random() < 0.1) {
        droplet.dropletVelocity.y = 0;
      }
    } else if (droplet.mass >= this.options.maximumMassGravity && droplet.dropletVelocity.y < 10) {
      // The droplet is falling because it is too heavy, its speed and direction are now set
      droplet.dropletVelocity.y = Utils.getRandomInt(10, 20);
      droplet.dropletVelocity.x = Utils.getRandomInt(-10, 10) / 10;
    }

    // Increase the x and y positions of the droplet based on its velocity
    droplet.y += droplet.dropletVelocity.y;
    droplet.x += droplet.dropletVelocity.x;
  }

  /**
   * Checks in which small droplet arrays the large droplet is positioned
   * @param {Droplet} droplet
   */
  getDropletPresenceArray(droplet) {
    // Define a set of array indexes through which we hava to search for collision
    const arrayIndexes = [];
    const length = this.positionMatrix.length;

    // Loop through each positionMatrix to calculate the position of every edge of a droplet
    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      const edgePosition = {
        x: Math.floor((droplet.x + ((droplet.width / 7) * this.positionMatrix[i][0])) / this.options.dropletContainerSize),
        y: Math.floor((droplet.y + ((droplet.height / 7) * this.positionMatrix[i][1])) / this.options.dropletContainerSize),
      };

      // Always push the first position in the arrayIndexes array, we use that value to compare the other edges to
      if (i === 0) {
        arrayIndexes.push(edgePosition);
        continue;
      }

      // If the current position differs from the first position, store the new value because that means that this is also an array we need to check for collision
      if (arrayIndexes[0].x !== edgePosition.x || arrayIndexes[0].y !== edgePosition.y) {
        arrayIndexes.push(edgePosition);
      }
    }

    return arrayIndexes;
  }

  /**
   * Check the collision between one large Droplet and all the other Droplets
   * @param droplet
   */
  checkLargeToLargeDropletCollision(droplet) {
    if (droplet.toBeRemoved === true) {
      return;
    }

    // Store the length of the droplets array so we have that valua cached in the for loop
    const length = this.largeDroplets.length;

    for (let i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      // Don't bother checking this droplet against itself
      if (droplet.x === this.largeDroplets[i].x && droplet.y === this.largeDroplets[i].y) {
        continue;
      }

      // Calculate the difference in position for the horizontal and the vertical axis
      const dx = droplet.x - this.largeDroplets[i].x;
      const dy = droplet.y - this.largeDroplets[i].y;

      // Calculate the distance between the current droplet and the current other droplet
      const distance = Math.sqrt((dx * dx) + (dy * dy));

      // If the distance between the droplets is close enough, the droplet colliding increases in size
      if (distance <= (droplet.width / 7) + (this.largeDroplets[i].width / 7)) {
        if (droplet.mass + this.largeDroplets[i].mass <= this.options.maximumMass) {
          droplet.targetMass = droplet.mass + this.largeDroplets[i].mass;
        } else {
          droplet.targetMass = this.options.maximumMass;
        }

        // The other droplet should be removed at the end of this loop
        this.largeDroplets[i].toBeRemoved = true;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Checks whether a big droplet hits a smaller droplet, if so, it grows by half of the smaller droplets size
   * @param {LargeDroplet} droplet
   * @return {void}
   */
  checkLargeToSmallDropletCollision(droplet) {
    if (droplet.toBeRemoved === true) {
      return;
    }

    // Define a set of array indexes through which we have to search for collision
    const arrayIndexes = this.getDropletPresenceArray(droplet);

    for (let i = 0; i < arrayIndexes.length; i++) {
      // If the small droplet doesn't exist anymore, we can continue to the next value in the loop
      if (typeof this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x] === 'undefined' || typeof this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x][arrayIndexes[i].y] === 'undefined') {
        continue;
      }

      // Store the length of the array so the for loop doesn't have to do that every run
      const smallDropletsLength = this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x][arrayIndexes[i].y].length;

      for (let c = smallDropletsLength - 1; c >= 0; c--) {
        // Calculate the difference in position for the horizontal and the vertical axis
        const dx = droplet.x - this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x][arrayIndexes[i].y][c].x;
        const dy = droplet.y - this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x][arrayIndexes[i].y][c].y;

        // Calculate the distance between the current droplet and the current other droplet
        const distance = Math.sqrt((dx * dx) + (dy * dy));

        // If the distance is small enough we can increase the size of the large droplet and remove the small droplet
        if (distance <= (droplet.width / 7) + (this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x][arrayIndexes[i].y][c].width / 7)) {
          if (droplet.mass + (this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x][arrayIndexes[i].y][c].mass / 3) <= this.options.maximumMass) {
            droplet.targetMass = droplet.mass + (this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x][arrayIndexes[i].y][c].mass / 3);
          }

          // Remove the small droplet and put it back in the object pool
          this.smallDropletContainer.destroy(this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x][arrayIndexes[i].y][c]);
          this.smallDroplets[arrayIndexes[i].x][arrayIndexes[i].y].splice(c, 1);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Spawns a new small droplet on the screen based on the spawn chance
   * @param {number} width
   * @param {number} height
   * @return {void}
   */
  spawnNewSmallDroplet(width, height) {
    // If our random value doesn't match the given spawn rate, we don't spawn a droplet
    if (Math.random() > this.options.spawnRate.small) {
      return;
    }

    // Get a new droplet object from the pool
    const droplet = this.smallDropletContainer.get();

    // If the pool decided that we can't add more droplets, exit here
    if (droplet === null) {
      return;
    }

    const position = {
      x: Utils.getRandomInt(0, width),
      y: Utils.getRandomInt(0, height),
    };
    const mass = Utils.getRandomInt(this.options.spawnMass.small.min, this.options.spawnMass.small.max);
    const arrayIndex = {
      x: Math.floor(position.x / this.options.dropletContainerSize),
      y: Math.floor(position.y / this.options.dropletContainerSize),
    };

    // Make sure the droplet updates with a new position and radius
    droplet.x = position.x;
    droplet.y = position.y;
    droplet.mass = mass;
    droplet.width = droplet.mass * 8;
    droplet.height = droplet.mass * 8;

    if (typeof this.smallDroplets[arrayIndex.x] === 'undefined') {
      this.smallDroplets[arrayIndex.x] = [];
    }

    if (typeof this.smallDroplets[arrayIndex.x][arrayIndex.y] === 'undefined') {
      this.smallDroplets[arrayIndex.x][arrayIndex.y] = [];
    }

    this.smallDroplets[arrayIndex.x][arrayIndex.y].push(droplet);
  }

  /**
   * Spawns a new large droplet on the screen based on the spawn chance
   * @param {number} width
   * @param {number} height
   * @return {void}
   */
  spawnNewLargeDroplet(width, height) {
    // If our random value doesn't match the given spawn rate, we don't spawn a droplet
    if (Math.random() > this.options.spawnRate.large) {
      return;
    }

    // Get a new droplet object from the pool
    const droplet = this.largeDropletContainer.get();

    // If the pool decided that we can't add more droplets, exit here
    if (droplet === null) {
      return;
    }

    // Make sure the droplet updates with a new position and radius
    const mass = Utils.getRandomInt(this.options.spawnMass.large.min, this.options.spawnMass.large.max);
    droplet.x = Utils.getRandomInt(0, width);
    droplet.y = Utils.getRandomInt(-100, height / 1.5);
    droplet.mass = mass / 2;
    droplet.targetMass = mass;
    droplet.width = droplet.mass * 6;
    droplet.height = droplet.mass * 7;
    droplet.dropletVelocity.x = 0;
    droplet.toBeRemoved = false;

    this.largeDroplets.push(droplet);
  }

  /**
   * Checks each droplet to see if it is positioned offscreen. If so, it's being pushed back into the object pool to be reused
   * @param {number} width
   * @param {number} height
   * @param {Array} dropletArray
   * @param {DropletPool} dropletContainer
   * @return {void}
   */
  static removeLargeOffscreenDroplets(width, height, dropletArray, dropletContainer) {
    // Store the length of the array so the for loop doesn't have to do that every run
    const length = dropletArray.length;

    for (let i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      if (dropletArray[i].x > width + 10 || dropletArray[i].x < -10 || dropletArray[i].y > height + 10 || dropletArray[i].y < -100) {
        dropletContainer.destroy(dropletArray[i]);
        dropletArray.splice(i, 1);
      }
    }
  }
}

/**
 * DropletPool class
 * Functions as an object pool so we can re-use droplets over and over again
 */
class DropletPool extends PIXI.particles.ParticleContainer {
  /**
   * DropletPool constructor
   */
  constructor(ObjectToCreate, objectTexture, startingSize, maximumSize) {
    super(maximumSize, {
      scale: true,
      position: true,
      rotation: false,
      uvs: false,
      alpha: false,
    });

    this.ObjectToCreate = ObjectToCreate;
    this.objectTexture = objectTexture;
    this.pool = [];
    this.inUse = 0;
    this.startingSize = startingSize;
    this.maximumSize = maximumSize;

    this.initialize();
  }

  /**
   * Initialize the initial batch of objects that we are going to use throughout the application
   * @return {void}
   */
  initialize() {
    for (let i = 0; i < this.startingSize; i += 1) {
      const droplet = new this.ObjectToCreate(this.objectTexture);
      droplet.x = -100;
      droplet.y = -100;
      droplet.anchor.set(0.5);

      // Add the object to the PIXI Container and store it in the pool
      this.addChild(droplet);
      this.pool.push(droplet);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Get an object from the object pool, checks whether there is an object left or it if may create a new object otherwise
   * @returns {object}
   */
  get() {
    // Check if we have reached the maximum number of objects, if so, return null
    if (this.inUse >= this.maximumSize) {
      return null;
    }

    // We haven't reached the maximum number of objects yet, so we are going to reuse an object
    this.inUse++;

    // If there are still objects in the pool return the last item from the pool
    if (this.pool.length > 0) {
      return this.pool.pop();
    }

    // The pool was empty, but we are still allowed to create a new object and return that
    const droplet = new this.ObjectToCreate(this.objectTexture);
    droplet.x = -100;
    droplet.y = -100;
    droplet.anchor.set(0.5, 0.5);

    // Add the object to the PIXI Container and return it
    this.addChild(droplet);
    return droplet;
  }

  /**
   * Put an element back into the object pool and reset it for later use
   * @param element - The object that should be pushed back into the object pool to be reused later on
   * @return {void}
   */
  destroy(element) {
    if (this.inUse - 1 < 0) {
      console.error('Something went wrong, you cant remove more elements than there are in the total pool');
      return;
    }

    // Move the droplet offscreen, we cant't set visible or rendering to false because that doesn't matter in a PIXI.ParticleContainer
    // @see: https://github.com/pixijs/pixi.js/issues/1910
    element.x = -100;
    element.y = -100;

    // Push the element back into the object pool so it can be reused again
    this.inUse -= 1;
    this.pool.push(element);
  }
}

/**
 * Droplet Class
 */
class Droplet extends PIXI.Sprite {
  /**
   * Droplet constructor
   */
  constructor(texture) {
    super(texture);

    this.mass = 0;
  }
}

/**
 * LargeDroplet Class
 */
class LargeDroplet extends Droplet {
  /**
   * Droplet constructor
   */
  constructor(texture) {
    super(texture);

    this.dropletVelocity = new PIXI.Point(0, 0);
    this.toBeRemoved = false;
    this.targetMass = 0;
  }
}

/**
 * Utilities Class has some functions that are needed throughout the entire application
 */
class Utils {
  /**
   * Returns a random integer between a given minimum and maximum value
   * @param {number} min - The minimum value, can be negative
   * @param {number} max - The maximum value, can be negative
   * @return {number}
   */
  static getRandomInt(min, max) {
    return Math.floor(Math.random() * ((max - min) + 1)) + min;
  }
}

/**
 * Onload function is executed whenever the page is done loading, initializes the application
 */
window.onload = () => {
  // Create a new instance of the application
  const application = new Application();
};