interop: interoperable ether transfers

protocol/interoperable-ether-transfers.md

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+# Purpose
+
+This document exists to align on a design for simplifying the process for sending `ETH` between two interoperable chains.
+
+# Summary
+
+New functionality is introduced to the `SuperchainWETH` contract that enables it to accept `ETH` and facilitate cross-chain `ETH` transfers to a specified recipient.
+
+# Problem Statement + Context
+
+Currently, L2-to-L2 `ETH` transfers between two interoperable chains require four separate transactions:
+
+1. Wrap `ETH` to `SuperchainWETH`.
+2. Call `SuperchainTokenBridge#SendERC20` to burn `SuperchainWETH` on source chain and relay a message to the destination chain that mints `SuperchainWETH` to the recipient.
+3. Execute the message on the destination chain, triggering `SuperchainTokenBridge#RelayERC20` to mint `SuperchainWETH` to the recipient.
+4. Unwrap the received `SuperchainWETH` to `ETH`.
+
+The goal is to reduce the transaction count from four to two, enabling users to send `ETH` to a destination chain directly:
+
+1. Burn `ETH` on source chain and relay a message to destination chain that mints `ETH` to recipient on destination chain.
+2. Execute the relayed message on the destination chain that mints `ETH` to the recipient.
+
+# Proposed Solution
+
+Introduce `SendETH` and `RelayETH` functions to the `ETHLiquidity` contract. By adding these functions directly to `ETHLiquidity`, the contract retains its original purpose of centralizing the minting and burning of `ETH` for cross-chain transfers, ensuring that all liquidity management occurs within a single, dedicated contract.
+
+### `SendETH` function
+
+The `SendETH` function combines the first two transactions as follows:
+
+1. Burns `ETH` within the `ETHLiquidity` contract equivalent to the `ETH` sent.
+2. Sends a message to the destination chain encoding a call to `RelayETH`.
+
+### `RelayETH` function
+
+The `RelayETH` function combines the last two transactions as follows:
+
+1. Mints the specified `_amount` of `ETH` from the `ETHLiquidity` contract.
+2. Sends the minted `ETH` to the specified recipient.
+
+### Contract changes
+
+Update the `burn` function to be callable by the `ETHLiquidity` contract:
+
+```solidity
+/// @notice Allows an address to lock ETH liquidity into this contract.
+function burn() external payable {
+    if (msg.sender != Predeploys.SUPERCHAIN_WETH && msg.sender != address(this)) revert Unauthorized();
+    if (IL1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).isCustomGasToken()) revert NotCustomGasToken();
+    emit LiquidityBurned(msg.sender, msg.value);
+}
+```
+
+Update the `mint` function to have a `_recipient` parameter and to be callable by the `ETHLiquidity` contract:
+
+```solidity
+/// @notice Allows an address to unlock ETH liquidity from this contract.
+/// @param _recipient Address to send ETH to.
+/// @param _amount The amount of liquidity to unlock.
+function mint(address _recipient, uint256 _amount) external {
+    if (msg.sender != Predeploys.SUPERCHAIN_WETH && msg.sender != address(this)) revert Unauthorized();
+    if (IL1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).isCustomGasToken()) revert NotCustomGasToken();
+    new SafeSend{ value: _amount }(payable(_recipient));
+    emit LiquidityMinted(_recipient, _amount);
+}
+```
+
+Add `SendETH` and `RelayETH` function to `ETHLiquidity`:
+```solidity
+/// @notice Sends ETH to some target address on another chain.
+/// @param _to      Address to send ETH to.
+/// @param _chainId  Chain ID of the destination chain.
+function sendETH(address _to, uint256 _chainId) public payable {
+    if (IL1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).isCustomGasToken()) {
+        revert NotCustomGasToken();
+    }
+
+    // Burn to ETHLiquidity contract.
+    this.burn{ value: msg.value }();
+
+    // Send message to other chain.
+    IL2ToL2CrossDomainMessenger(Predeploys.L2_TO_L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER).sendMessage({
+        _destination: _chainId,
+        _target: address(this),
+        _message: abi.encodeCall(this.relayETH, (msg.sender, _to, msg.value))
+    });
+    emit SendETH(msg.sender, _to, msg.value, _chainId);
+}
+
+/// @notice Relays ETH received from another chain.
+/// @param _from    Address of the msg.sender of sendETH on the source chain.
+/// @param _to      Address to relay ETH to.
+/// @param _amount  Amount of ETH to relay.
+function relayETH(address _from, address _to, uint256 _amount) external {
+    IL2ToL2CrossDomainMessenger messenger = IL2ToL2CrossDomainMessenger(Predeploys.L2_TO_L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER);
+    if (msg.sender != address(messenger)) revert Unauthorized();
+    if (messenger.crossDomainMessageSender() != address(this)) revert Unauthorized();
+    if (IL1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).isCustomGasToken()) {
+        revert NotCustomGasToken();
+    }
+
+    this.mint(_to, _amount);
+    emit RelayETH(_from, _to, _amount, messenger.crossDomainMessageSource());
+}
+```
+
+# Considerations
+
+## Custom Gas Token Chains
+
+To simplify the solution, custom gas token chains will not be supported and must follow the original four-transaction flow, which includes wrapping and unwrapping `SuperchainWETH`.
+
+# Open Questions
+- **Long-term improvements**: Could this functionality eventually extend to custom gas token chains?
+- **Rollbacks**: How would rollbacks be handled in this implementation?
+
+# Alternatives Considered
+
+## Integrate `ETH` transfer into `SuperchainWETH`
+
+Add two new functions to the `SuperchainWETH` contract: `SendETH` and `RelayETH`.
+
+### `SendETH`
+
+The `SendETH` function combines the first two transactions as follows:
+
+1. Burns `ETH` within the `ETHLiquidity` contract equivalent to the `ETH` sent.
+2. Sends a message to the destination chain encoding a call to `RelayETH`.
+
+### `RelayETH`
+
+The `RelayETH` function combines the last two transactions as follows:
+
+1. Mints the specified `_amount` of `ETH` from the `ETHLiquidity` contract.
+2. Sends the minted `ETH` to the specified recipient.
+
+### Contract changes
+
+```solidity
+/// @notice Sends ETH to some target address on another chain.
+/// @param _to      Address to send tokens to.
+/// @param _chainId  Chain ID of the destination chain.
+function sendETH(address _to, uint256 _chainId) public payable {
+    if (IL1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).isCustomGasToken()) {
+        revert NotCustomGasToken();
+    }
+
+    // Burn to ETHLiquidity contract.
+    IETHLiquidity(Predeploys.ETH_LIQUIDITY).burn{ value: msg.value }();
+
+    // Send message to other chain.
+    IL2ToL2CrossDomainMessenger(Predeploys.L2_TO_L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER).sendMessage({
+        _destination: _chainId,
+        _target: address(this),
+        _message: abi.encodeCall(this.relayETH, (msg.sender, _to, msg.value))
+    });
+
+    // Emit event.
+    emit SendETH(msg.sender, _to, msg.value, _chainId);
+}
+
+/// @notice Relays ETH received from another chain.
+/// @param _from    Address of the msg.sender of sendETH on the source chain.
+/// @param _to     Address to relay tokens to.
+/// @param _amount     Amount of tokens to relay.
+function relayETH(address _from, address _to, uint256 _amount) external {
+    // Receive message from other chain.
+    IL2ToL2CrossDomainMessenger messenger = IL2ToL2CrossDomainMessenger(Predeploys.L2_TO_L2_CROSS_DOMAIN_MESSENGER);
+    if (msg.sender != address(messenger)) revert CallerNotL2ToL2CrossDomainMessenger();
+    if (messenger.crossDomainMessageSender() != address(this)) revert InvalidCrossDomainSender();
+    if (IL1Block(Predeploys.L1_BLOCK_ATTRIBUTES).isCustomGasToken()) {
+        revert NotCustomGasToken();
+    }
+
+    // Mint from ETHLiquidity contract.
+    IETHLiquidity(Predeploys.ETH_LIQUIDITY).mint(_amount);
+
+    // Get source chain ID.
+    uint256 source = messenger.crossDomainMessageSource();
+
+    new SafeSend{ value: _amount }(payable(_to));
+
+    // Emit event.
+    emit RelayETH(_from, _to, _amount, source);
+}
+```
+
+### Advantages
+
+Since the `SuperchainWETH` contract already has permissions to mint and burn `ETH` with the `ETHLiquidity` contract no changes to the `ETHLiquidity` contract are necessary. Any security risks with this change are limited to `SuperchainWETH` and do not affect other `SuperchainERC20` tokens.
+
+### Downsides
+
+This approach introduces an additional entry point for asset transfers outside of `SuperchainTokenBridge`. While SuperchainERC20 tokens that implement custom bridging will already have alternative entry points, adding another for native `ETH` transfers could lead to confusion and diverge from a clean separation of concerns. Additionally, by having `SuperchainWETH` serve as both a `SuperchainERC20` and a bridge for native `ETH`, there is an increased risk of ambiguity around its dual function, which could impact usability and clarity for developers.
+
+## Integrate `ETH` transfer into `SuperchainTokenBridge`
+
+One alternative is to add two new functions to the `SuperchainTokenBridge` contract: `SendETH` and `RelayETH`.
+
+```solidity
+/// @notice Sends ETH to a target address on another chain.
+/// @param _to       Address to send ETH to.
+/// @param _amount   Amount of ETH to send.
+/// @param _chainId  Chain ID of the destination chain.
+/// @return msgHash_ Hash of the message sent.
+function sendETH(address _to, uint256 _amount, uint256 _chainId) external payable returns (bytes32 msgHash_) {
+    if (_to == address(0)) revert ZeroAddress();
+
+    ISuperchainWETH(payable(Predeploys.SUPERCHAIN_WETH)).deposit{ value: msg.value }();
+    ISuperchainWETH(payable(Predeploys.SUPERCHAIN_WETH)).crosschainBurn(msg.sender, msg.value);
+
+    bytes memory message = abi.encodeCall(this.relayETH, (msg.sender, _to, _amount));
+    msgHash_ = IL2ToL2CrossDomainMessenger(MESSENGER).sendMessage(_chainId, address(this), message);
+
+    emit SendERC20(Predeploys.SUPERCHAIN_WETH, msg.sender, _to, _amount, _chainId);
+}
+
+/// @notice Relays ETH received from another chain.
+/// @param _from    Address of the msg.sender of sendETH on the source chain.
+/// @param _to      Address to relay ETH to.
+/// @param _amount  Amount of ETH to relay.
+function relayETH(address _from, address _to, uint256 _amount) external {
+    if (msg.sender != MESSENGER) revert Unauthorized();
+
+    (address crossDomainMessageSender, uint256 source) =
+        IL2ToL2CrossDomainMessenger(MESSENGER).crossDomainMessageContext();
+    if (crossDomainMessageSender != address(this)) revert InvalidCrossDomainSender();
+
+    ISuperchainWETH(payable(Predeploys.SUPERCHAIN_WETH)).crosschainMint(address(this), _amount);
+    ISuperchainWETH(payable(Predeploys.SUPERCHAIN_WETH)).withdraw(_amount);
+
+    new SafeSend{ value: _amount }(payable(_to));
+
+    emit RelayERC20(Predeploys.SUPERCHAIN_WETH, _from, _to, _amount, source);
+}
+```
+
+### Advantages
+
+The advantage of this solution is that `SuperchainTokenBridge`would handle both `ETH` transfers and `SuperchainERC20` transfers, simplifying developer integrations.
+
+### Downsides
+
+This solution creates changes to a highly sensitive contract. `SuperchainTokenBridge` has permissions to `mint` and `burn` standard `SuperchainERC20` tokens, so updates must be treated with extreme caution.