diff --git a/app/jobs/mqtt_forwarding_job.rb b/app/jobs/mqtt_forwarding_job.rb
index 8c5e2e76..e155a91f 100644
--- a/app/jobs/mqtt_forwarding_job.rb
+++ b/app/jobs/mqtt_forwarding_job.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def perform(device_id, data)
   private
 
   def payload_for(device, readings)
-    Presenters.present(device, device.owner, renderer, readings: readings)
+    Presenters.present(device, device.owner, nil, readings: readings)
   end
 
   def mqtt_client
@@ -26,10 +26,6 @@ def mqtt_client
     })
   end
 
-  def renderer
-    @renderer ||= ActionController::Base.new.view_context
-  end
-
   def disconnect_mqtt!
     @mqtt_client&.disconnect
   end
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/message_forwarding.rb b/app/models/concerns/message_forwarding.rb
index a1a02b71..f32224c3 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/message_forwarding.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/message_forwarding.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ module MessageForwarding
 
   def forward_readings(device, readings)
     if device.forward_readings?
-      MQTTForwardingJob.perform_later(device.id, readings: readings)
+      MQTTForwardingJob.perform_later(device.id, readings: readings.map(&:stringify_keys))
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/spec/jobs/mqtt_forwarding_job_spec.rb b/spec/jobs/mqtt_forwarding_job_spec.rb
index ab8041d8..81c8960e 100644
--- a/spec/jobs/mqtt_forwarding_job_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/jobs/mqtt_forwarding_job_spec.rb
@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
     double(:device_json)
   }
 
-  let(:renderer) {
-    double(:renderer)
-  }
-
   let(:forwarder) {
     double(:forwarder).tap do |forwarder|
       allow(forwarder).to receive(:forward_readings)
@@ -31,7 +27,6 @@
   before do
     allow(MQTTClientFactory).to receive(:create_client).and_return(mqtt_client)
     allow(Presenters).to receive(:present).and_return(device_json)
-    allow_any_instance_of(ActionController::Base).to receive(:view_context).and_return(renderer)
     allow(MQTTForwarder).to receive(:new).and_return(forwarder)
     allow_any_instance_of(Device).to receive(:forwarding_token).and_return(forwarding_token)
   end
@@ -51,7 +46,7 @@
 
   it "renders the device json for the given device and reading, as the device owner" do
     MQTTForwardingJob.perform_now(device.id, readings: readings)
-    expect(Presenters).to have_received(:present).with(device, device.owner, renderer, readings: readings)
+    expect(Presenters).to have_received(:present).with(device, device.owner, nil, readings: readings)
   end
 
   it "forwards using the device's id and forwarding token, with the rendered json payload" do
diff --git a/spec/models/storer_spec.rb b/spec/models/storer_spec.rb
index 54d689b8..5de1fb04 100644
--- a/spec/models/storer_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/storer_spec.rb
@@ -82,9 +82,9 @@
         double(:device_json)
       }
 
-      it "forwards the message with the forwarding token and the device's id" do
+      it "forwards the readings for the device, ensuring reading keys are passed as strings" do
         allow(device).to receive(:forward_readings?).and_return(true)
-        expect(MQTTForwardingJob).to receive(:perform_later).with(device.id, readings: [@sql_data])
+        expect(MQTTForwardingJob).to receive(:perform_later).with(device.id, readings: [@sql_data.stringify_keys])
         storer.store(device, [@data])
       end
     end