chatgpt_exp/SAC/chatgpt_test_sample_four_shots_cot.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "74c4fdc2",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# !pip install openai"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "id": "614fcca5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# !pip install --upgrade openai"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "9d63a439",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "import openai\n",
    "import time\n",
    "import pandas as pd"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "id": "b262e36b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "openai.organization = \"\"#\"X\"\n",
    "openai.api_key = \"X\"\n",
    "openai.Model.list()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "id": "bd29fb1e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "test_sample = pd.read_excel(\"D:/github/abstract-prediction/data_test.xlsx\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "id": "2b7a754e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'Title: Does certified organic farming reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production?\\nAbstract: The increasing prevalence of ecologically sustainable products in consumer markets, such as organic produce, are generally assumed to curtail anthropogenic impacts on the environment. Here I intend to present an alternative perspective on sustainable production by interpreting the relationship between recent rises in organic agriculture and greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production. I construct two time series fixed-effects panel regressions to estimate how increases in organic farmland impact greenhouse gas emissions derived from agricultural production. My analysis finds that the rise of certified organic production in the United States is not correlated with declines in greenhouse gas emissions derived specifically from agricultural production, and on the contrary is associated positively overall agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. To make sense of this finding, I embed my research within the conventionalization thesis. As a result I argue that the recent USDA certification of organic farming has generated a bifurcated organic market, where one form of organic farming works as a sustainable counterforce to conventional agriculture and the other works to increase the economic accessibility of organic farming through weakening practice standards most conducive to reducing agricultural greenhouse gas output. Additionally, I construct my own theoretical framework known as the displacement paradox to further interpret my findings.\\nBased on the abstract/title, Is the abstract INCLUDE or EXCLUDE in our literature review?'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "template = lambda t, a: f\"\"\"Title: {t}\n",
    "Abstract: {a}\n",
    "Based on the abstract/title, Is the abstract INCLUDE or EXCLUDE in our literature review?\"\"\"\n",
    "t = test_sample[\"Article Title\"].iloc[0] \n",
    "a = test_sample[\"Abstract (AB)\"].iloc[0]\n",
    "prompt = template(t, a)\n",
    "prompt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "f5e0fcc6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "shots = [\n",
    "    (template(\n",
    "        \"Impacts of intensifying or expanding cereal cropping in sub-Saharan Africa on greenhouse gas emissions and food security.\", \n",
    "        \"Cropping is responsible for substantial emissions of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) worldwide through the use of fertilizers and through expansion of agricultural land and associated carbon losses. Especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), GHG emissions from these processes might increase steeply in coming decades, due to tripling demand for food until 2050 to match the steep population growth. This study assesses the impact of achieving cereal self-sufficiency by the year 2050 for 10 SSA countries on GHG emissions related to different scenarios of increasing cereal production, ranging from intensifying production to agricultural area expansion. We also assessed different nutrient management variants in the intensification. Our analysis revealed that irrespective of intensification or extensification, GHG emissions of the 10 countries jointly are at least 50% higher in 2050 than in 2015. Intensification will come, depending on the nutrient use efficiency achieved, with large increases in nutrient inputs and associated GHG emissions. However, matching food demand through conversion of forest and grasslands to cereal area likely results in much higher GHG emissions. Moreover, many countries lack enough suitable land for cereal expansion to match food demand. In addition, we analysed the uncertainty in our GHG estimates and found that it is caused primarily by uncertainty in the IPCC Tier 1 coefficient for direct N2O emissions, and by the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (N-AE). In conclusion, intensification scenarios are clearly superior to expansion scenarios in terms of climate change mitigation, but only if current N-AE is increased to levels commonly achieved in, for example, the United States, and which have been demonstrated to be feasible in some locations in SSA. As such, intensifying cereal production with good agronomy and nutrient management is essential to moderate inevitable increases in GHG emissions. Sustainably increasing crop production in SSA is therefore a daunting challenge in the coming decades.\"), \n",
    "    \"Step 1: Abstract discusses cereal cropping in sub-Saharan Africa's impact on emissions and food security. Step 2: Abstract provides findings on projected emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED.\"),\n",
    "    (template(\n",
    "        \"Effect of mid-season drainage on CH4 and N2O emission and grain yield in rice ecosystem: A meta-analysis.\", \n",
    "        \"Paddy rice cultivation is an important source of global anthropogenic methane emissions. Drainage the flooded soils can reduce methane substantially, but N2O emission occur concurrently, which would offset the reduction of methane emission. It remains unclear how mid-season drainage affects the global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions. In this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of mid-season drainage on GWP and the factors that control the response of GWP to mid-season drainage. Results showed that mid-season drainage decreased CH4 emission by 52% while increased N2O emission by 242%. The GWP under mid-season drainage decreased by 47% compared to continuously flooding. The yield-scaled GWP under mid-season drainage decreased by 48%. Mid-season drainage had no effect on rice grain yield. Although soil drainage times and organic matter amendment are important factors affecting CH4 and N2O emissions in rice paddy field, the study showed that neither of them had effect on the response of GWP to mid-season drainage. The reduction rate of the GWP under mid-season drainage increased when N fertilization application rate increases from 50 kg ha(-1) to > 200 kg ha(-1). This study demonstrated that CH4 is still a dominant greenhouse gas in rice paddies under water management with mid-season drainage. Nitrogen fertilization is an important factor that regulates the response of GWP to mid-season drainage. High nitrogen fertilization rate would decrease the overall emission of CH4 and N2O under mid-season drainage. However, increasing drainage times or applying organic fertilizer under mid-season does not change the overall emission rate of CH4 and N2O.\"), \n",
    "    \"Step 1: Abstract explores mid-season drainage's effect on emissions and grain yield in rice ecosystems. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings showing reduced CH4 emissions and increased N2O emissions with mid-season drainage. Step 3: Abstract discusses global warming potential (GWP) and influencing factors. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practice's impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED.\"),\n",
    "    (template(\n",
    "        \"Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emission from Seedless Lime Cultivation Using Organic Fertilizer in a Province in Vietnam Mekong Delta Region.\", \n",
    "        \"This study aimed to evaluate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from conventional cultivation (S1) of seedless lime (SL) fruit in Hau Giang province, in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. We adjusted the scenarios by replacing 25% and 50% of nitrogen chemical fertilizer with respective amounts of N-based organic fertilizer (S2 and S3). Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect primary data. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology with the cradle to gate approach was used to estimate GHG emission based on the functional unit of one hectare of growing area and one tonnage of fresh fruit weight. The emission factors of agrochemicals, fertilizers, electricity, fuel production, and internal combustion were collected from the MiLCA software, IPCC reports, and previous studies. The S1, S2, and S3 emissions were 7590, 6703, and 5884 kg-CO2 equivalent (CO(2)e) per hectare of the growing area and 273.6, 240.3, and 209.7 kg-CO(2)e for each tonnage of commercial fruit, respectively. Changing fertilizer-based practice from S1 to S2 and S3 mitigated 887.0-1706 kg-CO(2)e ha(-1) (11.7-22.5%) and 33.3-63.9 kg-CO(2)e t(-1) (12.2-25.6%), respectively. These results support a solution to reduce emissions by replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers.\"), \n",
    "    \"Step 1: Abstract evaluates greenhouse gas emissions from seedless lime cultivation in Vietnam. Step 2: Abstract presents emission reduction results from replacing chemical fertilizers. Step 3: Abstract doesn't explicitly assess agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED.\"),\n",
    "    (template(\n",
    "        \"No-tillage with rye cover crop can reduce net global warming potential and yield-scaled global warming potential in the long-term organic soybean field.\", \n",
    "        \"No-tillage (NT) and the introduction of cover crops, owing to their positive effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and crop yields, are potential agricultural practices that both support food security under the new realities of climate change and alleviate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the effects of the combination of long-term NT systems and cover crops on non-carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and SOC sequestration have not been adequately documented, particularly in East Asia. We conducted a split-plot field experiment involving two tillage systems [NT and moldboard plowing (MP)] and three cover crops, namely, fallow (FA), hairy vetch (HV), and rye (RY). NT had slightly higher soybean yield than MP, although tillage methods and cover crop treatments had no significant effects on soybean yield. Cover crop treatments rather than tillage methods significantly affected methane (CH4) emissions; under FA and RY treatments, we observed CH4 uptakes, whereas under HV, we observed CH4 emissions. In contrast, rather than cover crop treatments, tillage methods affected nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Higher WFPS and soil bulk density under NT resulted in significantly higher annual N2O emissions than those under MP. However, under NT, the annual SOC sequestration rate significantly increased compared with that under MP, the global warming potential (GWP) caused by CH4 and N2O emissions was fully offset by net CO2 retention under NT. Additionally, treatment under NT reduced net GWP and yield-scaled GWP to a significantly greater degree than did treatment under MP. Treatments under NT with RY cover crop had the lowest net GWP (-2324 kg CO2 equivalent ha(-1) year(-1)) and yield-scaled GWP (-1037 kg CO2 equivalent Mg-1 soybean yield). These findings suggest that treatments under NT with cover crop systems-especially RY cover crop-in the long-term organic soybean field maintains sustainable crop production and reduces net GWP and yield-scaled GWP, which will be an effective climate-smart agriculture practice in the humid, subtropical regions prevailing in Kanto, Japan.\"), \n",
    "    \"Step 1: Abstract discusses effects of long-term no-tillage systems and cover crops on emissions and soil carbon sequestration in soybean fields. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced CH4 emissions and increased N2O emissions with different cover crop treatments and tillage methods. Step 3: Abstract highlights significant reductions in net global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scaled GWP with no-tillage and rye cover crop. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (no-tillage with rye cover crop) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED.\"),\n",
    "]\n",
    "def chatgpt(message, text, temp=0.7, max_t=5):\n",
    "    try: \n",
    "        output = openai.ChatCompletion.create(\n",
    "            model=\"gpt-3.5-turbo\",\n",
    "            messages=[\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"system\", \"content\": message},\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": shots[0][0]},\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"assistant\", \"content\": shots[0][1]},\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": shots[1][0]},\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"assistant\", \"content\": shots[1][1]},\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": shots[2][0]},\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"assistant\", \"content\": shots[2][1]},\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": shots[3][0]},\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"assistant\", \"content\": shots[3][1]},\n",
    "                  {\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": text},\n",
    "            ],\n",
    "            temperature=temp,\n",
    "            max_tokens=max_t,\n",
    "            top_p=1.0,\n",
    "            frequency_penalty=0.0,\n",
    "            presence_penalty=0.0\n",
    "        )\n",
    "    except:\n",
    "        print(\"Thinking...\")\n",
    "        time.sleep(1)\n",
    "        return chatgpt(message, text, temp=temp, max_t=max_t)\n",
    "    return output"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "fb203d4b",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Wall time: 5.07 s\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Step 1: Abstract explores the effect of long-term tillage systems on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from a vetch crop in a Mediterranean agroecosystem. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of different N2O flux patterns among tillage systems and higher N2O emissions in conservation tillage systems. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential of long-term no-tillage to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in rainfed legume-cereal rotation. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (long-term tillage systems) on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED.\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%time\n",
    "system = \"You are an expert on agroecology and impact on climate change. You have to decide which article is include or excluded in our literature review. \"\n",
    "chatgpt(system, prompt, temp=0.7, max_t=150)[\"choices\"][0][\"message\"][\"content\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "e97f987f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "('Title: Double cropping and manure management mitigate the environmental impact of a dairy farm under present and future climate\\nAbstract: CONTEXT: Strategies are needed to reduce the environmental impacts of dairy farms, and these may become more important as our climate continues to change. Double cropping small grain and corn silages provides a strategy that can benefit dairy farms in the northeastern U.S. as they adapt to a longer growing season. Subsurface application of manure may also reduce nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses as the region faces warmer temperatures and greater precipitation. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whole-farm production, environmental and economic impacts of adopting these strategies on a representative dairy farm in central Pennsylvania under recent historical and projected midcentury climate. METHODS: Farm management strategies were simulated using the Integrated Farm System Model to determine effects on crop yields, feed production, volatile, leaching and denitrification losses of N, sediment erosion, sediment-bound and soluble losses of P, farm-gate life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, fossil energy use, and production costs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Double cropping increased and stabilized feed production by providing forage from a winter rye crop with less dependency on the summer crops of corn silage and perennial grasses. Summer crops are susceptible to summer droughts, which are expected to increase in this region due to warmer tem-peratures and increased evapotranspiration. Double cropping was more beneficial in the midcentury climate due to the projected increase in growing season length. Double cropping and subsurface injection of manure reduced total N losses by 12-18% and total P losses by 16-19%. Double cropping using broadcast manure application had a neutral environmental and economic impact on the farm. Adoption of these strategies provided a feasible adaptation and mitigation approach for future climate by reducing projected increases in soluble P runoff and ammonia emission caused by warmer temperatures and greater precipitation while maintaining and potentially reducing total farm production costs. SIGNIFICANCE: Whole-farm simulation provides a tool for evaluating potential benefits and tradeoffs of novel technologies and strategies as agriculture adapts to changes in climate. Although these results are specific to a dairy farm in central Pennsylvania, they generally apply to dairy farms throughout the Northeast U.S. and cli-mates where similar changes in temperature and precipitation are projected by mid-century. Our analyses suggest that use of a more intensive crop rotation (double cropping winter small grain and corn silage) along with improved manure application technology (subsurface injection) can help mitigate dairy farm environmental impacts now and even more in the future.\\nBased on the abstract/title, Is the abstract INCLUDE or EXCLUDE in our literature review?',\n",
       " 'INCLUDE')"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "t, a, label = test_sample.sample(1).iloc[0][\"Article Title  Abstract (AB)  Final decision\".split(\"  \")]\n",
    "prompt = template(t, a)\n",
    "prompt, label"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "ddec9253",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\"Step 1: Abstract focuses on strategies to reduce environmental impacts of dairy farms under present and future climate. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the benefits of double cropping and subsurface injection of manure, including reduced nitrogen and phosphorus losses and lower production costs. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing environmental impacts and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED.\""
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "chatgpt(system, prompt, temp=0.7, max_t=150)[\"choices\"][0][\"message\"][\"content\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "1e889b49",
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "0.25 0 Step 1: Abstract examines the relationship between organic farming and greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. Step 2: Abstract presents findings that organic farming is not correlated with declines in greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production and may even increase overall emissions. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of USDA certification on the organic market and presents a theoretical framework to interpret the findings. Step 4: Abstract addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions but presents a critical perspective rather than empirical evidence of the effectiveness of such practices. As a result, it should be INCLUDED in our literature review as it presents a different perspective on the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. INCLUDE\n",
      "0.5 1 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of farming practices on greenhouse gas emissions, particularly nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from dairy farms. Step 2: Abstract presents the use of a simulation model (IFSM) to evaluate N2O emissions reduction strategies. Step 3: Abstract doesn't explicitly discuss agroecological practices' impact on climate change, but it presents a tool for evaluating the impact of management practices on N2O and other greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract may not directly address the review's objectives, but it presents a useful tool and methodology for assessing the impact of agroecological practices on emissions reduction, so it should be tentatively INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "0.75 2 Step 1: Abstract discusses predicting and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in crop rotations in Western Europe. Step 2: Abstract presents findings from experimental data sets and model simulations of greenhouse gas exchanges, including indirect emissions. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential for agroecosystem modeling and scenario analysis to design productive cropping systems with low emissions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring the impact of agroecology on climate change and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "1.0 3 Step 1: Abstract focuses on greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogen fertilizer use in China. Step 2: Abstract provides quantitative estimates of emissions and explores potential for reduction through efficiency improvements. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "1.25 4 Step 1: Abstract discusses the economic potential of biomass-based fuels for greenhouse gas emission mitigation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the role of biofuels in a greenhouse gas mitigation market and simulation results based on hypothetical carbon prices. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "1.5 5 Step 1: Abstract analyzes the environmental efficiency and productivity changes of arable farms with regard to greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on potential savings of emissions and determinants of efficiency. Step 3: Abstract doesn't explicitly discuss agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "1.75 6 Step 1: Abstract presents a unique global livestock dataset containing information on biomass use, production, feed efficiency, excretion, and greenhouse gas emissions for different animal species, production systems, and regions. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of feed efficiency, grasslands, and mixed crop-livestock systems in livestock production and their impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of livestock systems on greenhouse gas emissions and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "2.0 7 Step 1: Abstract discusses uncertainties and challenges associated with assessing the cropland greenhouse gas balance at a continental scale. Step 2: Abstract doesn't present any new findings or data related to the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address the impact of agroecological practices on emissions and doesn't align with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "2.25 8 Step 1: Abstract analyzes environmental consequences of crop production, including greenhouse gas emissions from various sources. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of GHG emissions per unit of production in six countries over a 25-year period. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "2.5 9 Step 1: Abstract assesses greenhouse gas emissions in irrigated paddy rice in Tanzania and the impact of crop management practices and nitrogen fertilization rates. Step 2: Abstract presents specific findings on methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide emissions and the impact of management practices on emissions. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential for rice management practices to mitigate emissions without reducing yield. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (system of rice intensification) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "2.75 10 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of reducing fertilizer applications on pineapple yield, quality, and greenhouse gas emissions in China's tropics. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased yield, agronomic efficiency, and reduced global warming potential with reduced fertilizer applications and the combination of organic and slow-release fertilizers. Step 3: Abstract highlights the positive impact of agroecological practices on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving efficiency. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "3.0 11 Step 1: Abstract discusses microbial-mediated greenhouse gas emissions from farmland soils. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of various factors on GHG emissions and analyzes the impact of soil remediation modes on microbial mechanisms of GHG emissions. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "3.25 12 Step 1: Abstract reviews literature on soil organic carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture in the southeastern USA. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effectiveness of conservation tillage, cover cropping, and other management practices on soil carbon sequestration. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential for expanding research to include diverse pasture and manure application systems for a more complete analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation from agricultural management systems. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "3.5 13 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of agriculture on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Step 2: Abstract highlights the relevance of the Tragedy of the Commons concept to the misuse of environmental resources. Step 3: Abstract presents recommendations for management practices to decrease the environmental footprint of agriculture. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "3.75 14 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production in developing countries and identifies mitigation measures for smallholder agro-pastoral cattle systems in Senegal. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the potential for reducing emissions intensity and improving food security through cost-effective measures. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "4.0 15 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the economic benefit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential of a family-scale anaerobic cowdung biogas digester. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of GHG emission reduction potential but not economic benefit. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "4.25 16 Step 1: Abstract explores implementation solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in livestock agriculture. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a typology of implementation strategies based on stakeholder solutions in the Welsh sheep, beef, and dairy sectors. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "4.5 17 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of long-term organic farming on soil-derived nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced N2O emissions in organic farming systems compared to non-organic systems. Step 3: Abstract highlights the impact of soil properties on emissions and the potential of organic farming as a greenhouse gas mitigation measure. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic farming) on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "4.75 18 Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of organic manure on greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential in a pearl millet and Melia dubia agri-silvi system. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on increased CO2 and N2O emissions with different organic manure treatments and their impact on global warming potential. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential of agroforestry to reduce overall GHG emissions and the use of organic manure in improving soil fertility. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic manure and agroforestry) on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "5.0 19 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of biochar application with organic or mineral fertilizers on soil microbial biomass and greenhouse gas emissions in a peanut cropping system. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of improved soil physicochemical properties, increased microbial biomass carbon, and decreased cumulative CH4 emissions with biochar application and organic fertilizer. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of biochar application on net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (biochar application with fertilizer) on reducing emissions and improving soil quality, which aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "5.25 20 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of organic fertilization on functional microorganisms associated with greenhouse gas emissions in paddy soils. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased soil organic matter, carbon, and total nitrogen, as well as increased richness of methanogenic communities with organic fertilization. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic fertilization) on functional microorganisms and greenhouse gas emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "5.5 21 Step 1: Abstract explores the potential impact of climate smart agricultural practices (CSAP) on farms in India. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions on farms using CSAP and conventional practices. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (CSAP) on soil quality and greenhouse gas emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "5.75 22 Step 1: Abstract discusses the development of a modelling framework to assess crop yields and greenhouse gas emissions of crop management practices concurrently. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the modelling approach identifying intensification options for smallholder farmers in South Africa. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "6.0 23 Step 1: Abstract discusses soil carbon sequestration as a greenhouse gas removal technology and its potential for mitigating climate change, agroecosystem resilience, climate change adaptability, and food security. Step 2: Abstract presents specific measures for SCS practices and assesses economic and non-cost barriers and incentives for their implementation. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "6.25 24 Step 1: Abstract discusses the greenhouse gas mitigation potential of implementing silvopastoral systems (SPSs) in Colombia's Caqueta region. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced emissions and improved productivity through the implementation of SPSs. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (SPSs) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "6.5 25 Step 1: Abstract examines the role of agriculture in climate change adaptation, greenhouse gas mitigation, and rural livelihoods in Kenya. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on agricultural practices that provide multiple benefits, including improved soil fertility management and livestock feeding. Step 3: Abstract addresses the impact of agroecological practices on climate change mitigation and rural livelihoods. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "6.75 26 Step 1: Abstract discusses the interaction of grazing livestock with the environment, specifically focusing on two aspects: salinity management and greenhouse gas production. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on potential for grazing to be a profitable use for salinized land and strategies to reduce methane production from enteric fermentation. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "7.0 27 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of soil nutrient management practices on greenhouse gas mitigation in Africa. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on soil carbon sequestration through various practices. Step 3: Abstract discusses the need to scale these practices to farmers. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "7.25 28 Step 1: Abstract compares energy flow, greenhouse gas emissions, and biofuel production in conventional and organic vineyards. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on differences in energy inputs and outputs, grape yield, pomace, and ethanol production between the two farming systems. Step 3: Abstract discusses greenhouse gas emissions and explores bioethanol production from wine industry wastes. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "7.5 29 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential for carbon sequestration in trees and soils to offset greenhouse gas emissions from sheep and beef farms. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on carbon balance calculations for different stocking rates and levels of tree cover in two agroecological zones. Step 3: Abstract discusses the importance of carbon sequestration for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in livestock production. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (carbon sequestration in trees and soils) on reducing emissions in livestock production and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "7.75 30 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the effectiveness of combining reduced tillage with a mustard cover crop to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from a fertilized barley field in Ireland. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher N2O emissions with the reduced tillage and cover crop treatment, but lower total GHG balance due to increased soil organic carbon. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (reduced tillage with cover crop) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "8.0 31 Step 1: Abstract discusses road transport's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions in Spain and potential compensatory mitigation options. Step 2: Abstract presents a theoretical case study in a Spanish province and estimates carbon sequestration and costs for different land use activities. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions through agroecological practices. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "8.25 32 Step 1: Abstract discusses the production of glucose from waste paddy in Malaysia and evaluates its potential greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the life cycle inventory and quantified greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "8.5 33 Step 1: Abstract discusses the role of agriculture in greenhouse gas emissions and the need for climate-smart agriculture in Iran. Step 2: Abstract presents findings from an economic modeling approach to explore the impact of different agricultural sub-sectors on food security and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "8.75 34 Step 1: Abstract discusses the agriculture sector's opportunity to meet sustainable development goals through innovative and regenerative practices. Step 2: Abstract focuses on greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, identifies key factors contributing to emissions, and presents GHG mitigation strategies. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "9.0 35 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of earthworms on greenhouse gas balance in no-tillage agro-ecosystems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings that earthworm presence increases emissions and limits carbon storage, reducing the greenhouse gas mitigation potential of no-tillage soils. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (no-tillage) on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "9.25 36 Step 1: Abstract evaluates greenhouse gas emissions of integrated rice-frog farming (IRFF) compared to conventional farming and organic integrated rice-frog farming. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on methane and nitrous oxide emissions, soil properties, and carbon dioxide emissions. Step 3: Abstract discusses global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) and their relationship to farming systems. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (IRFF) on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "9.5 37 Step 1: Abstract evaluates greenhouse gas fluxes from soils fertilized with anaerobically digested wetland biomass. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of short-term CO2 and CH4 fluxes and elevated N2O fluxes after fertilization. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential of using digestates as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers and the need for further examination. Step 4: Abstract addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "9.75 38 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of paludiculture on nutrient cycling and greenhouse gas emissions in rewetted peatlands. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of nutrient removal by Typha latifolia, a paludiculture crop, and reduced methane emissions with plant presence. Step 3: Abstract discusses the effectiveness of paludiculture in improving water quality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (paludiculture) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "10.0 39 Step 1: Abstract explores how thinning regimes affect soil-atmosphere fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and soil nitrogen mineralization in a poplar plantation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased CO2 and CH4 emissions and decreased N2O emissions with thinning, and identifies the moderate thinning regime as the best option to minimize GHG emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't specifically address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "10.25 40 Step 1: Abstract discusses improving agricultural activity data to reduce uncertainty in greenhouse gas inventories and monitoring mitigation actions. Step 2: Abstract presents the idea of directing effort towards this opportunity. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "10.5 41 Step 1: Abstract evaluates greenhouse gas emissions from wheat cultivation and processing in the Czech Republic using a simplified life cycle assessment. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the impact of farming systems and regional activity on emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "10.75 42 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of organic soil amendments on greenhouse gas exchange, plant growth, and soil properties in a Finnish cropland during a dry growing season. Step 2: Abstract finds that soil amendments increased soil water holding capacity and reduced nitrous oxide emissions, but there were no significant differences in carbon dioxide and methane exchange rates. Step 3: Abstract discusses the lack of knowledge of the effects of wood-derived materials in Nordic agriculture. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "11.0 43 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the potential for conservation agriculture (CA) technologies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in rice-upland cropping systems in South Asia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced net life cycle greenhouse gas emissions with CA practices that increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Step 3: Abstract highlights the dominant contributor to emissions and identifies effective greenhouse gas mitigation options. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (conservation agriculture) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "11.25 44 Step 1: Abstract discusses the limited data availability on greenhouse gas emissions, specifically nitrous oxide (N2O), associated with oil palm production. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of addressing climate change issues in relation to oil palm plantations. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "11.5 45 Step 1: Abstract evaluates greenhouse gas emissions and water management in a Mediterranean rice paddy field, including methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of decreased greenhouse gas emissions and water consumption with midseason drainage and organic fertilizers. Step 3: Abstract highlights the importance of assessing full greenhouse gas budgets and yields for effective mitigation strategies. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (water management and organic fertilizers) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "11.75 46 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of continuous biochar and organic fertilizer application on global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), and crop yield in a saline-alkali farmland in northern China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced CH4, N2O, and ecosystem respiration emissions with both treatments, but lower emissions with biochar. Biochar also increased crop yield, soil carbon storage, and net ecosystem carbon budget. Step 3: Abstract highlights biochar's effectiveness in reducing net GWP and GHGI compared to organic fertilizer. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of an agroecological practice (biochar application) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives INCLUDE\n",
      "12.0 47 Step 1: Abstract discusses greenhouse gas emissions from agro-ecosystems in the US Southern Great Plains and the need for mitigation strategies. Step 2: Abstract presents potential strategies for reducing emissions from croplands and grazing lands. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "12.25 48 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of straw mulching and nitrogen application rates on crop yields, fertilizer use efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of summer maize. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the highest yields and partial factor productivity with straw mulching and lower nitrogen application rate, while the extensively applied practice had the greatest global warming potential. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of agroecological practices on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "12.5 49 Step 1: Abstract explores the response of broadacre mixed crop-livestock farmers to agricultural greenhouse gas abatement incentives in Western Australia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on changes in land-use patterns, farm practices, and on-farm emissions under varying levels of carbon tax. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "12.75 50 Step 1: Abstract measures greenhouse gas emissions from soil after using two forms of vinasse and urea as fertilizer. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased N2O emissions with digested vinasse and urea compared to normal vinasse and urea. Step 3: Abstract highlights the importance of microbiological factors in GHG emission estimates. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (use of bioenergy byproducts as fertilizer) on greenhouse gas emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "13.0 51 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of nitrogen fertilizer rates on soil properties and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in camelina and carinata fields. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased N2O emissions with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "13.25 52 Step 1: Abstract explores the potential of conservation tillage to improve climate resilience in agriculture in China. Step 2: Abstract discusses how conservation tillage can stabilize and increase crop yield while reducing greenhouse gases. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (conservation tillage) on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "13.5 53 Step 1: Abstract investigates greenhouse gas emissions from a tomato-cucumber-tomato rotation experiment in a solar greenhouse with different irrigation levels and fertilizer types. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of N2O emissions and CH4 uptake variations with different management practices. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of fertilizer type and application rate on greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic fertilizer with proper water application) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "13.75 54 Step 1: Abstract discusses research infrastructure's role in monitoring climate change impacts on global ecosystems and evaluating mitigation/adaptation strategies. Step 2: Abstract describes the Integrated Carbon Observation System's standardized methodologies for carbon and greenhouse gas observations in Europe's terrestrial ecosystems. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "14.0 55 Step 1: Abstract compares the effect of different fertilization strategies on greenhouse gas emissions in Mediterranean paddies. Step 2: Abstract provides findings on N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions during different stages of rice cultivation under different fertilization treatments. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (fertilizing with pig slurry and chicken manure) on greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "14.25 56 Step 1: Abstract explores the use of animal waste digestate to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural fields. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from different types of fertilizers. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (using animal waste digestate as organic fertilizer) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "14.5 57 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of land management change (LMC) on biofuels' greenhouse gas emissions, specifically in corn-soybean production systems in the US. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the potential decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) and increase in greenhouse gas emissions with stover removal for biofuels, but also highlights the potential for offsetting these impacts through organic matter addition and reduced tillage intensity. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic matter addition and reduced tillage intensity) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "14.75 58 Step 1: Abstract discusses life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from integrated organic farming in the UK, including crop rotations and livestock. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the contribution of different farming activities to global warming potential (GWP), including the impact of meat production, milk production, and crop cultivation. Step 3: Abstract highlights sensitivity analysis and options for reducing GHG emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (integrated organic farming) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "15.0 59 Step 1: Abstract discusses the challenge of increasing agricultural production while reducing greenhouse gas emissions in South Asia. Step 2: Abstract presents a study analyzing the impact of different management practices and socio-economic factors on crop yield and emissions in the Indo-Gangetic Plain of India. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (management practices) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "15.25 60 Step 1: Abstract discusses a proposal for including farmers in the EU Emission Trading System (ETS) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents an argument for the benefits of including farmers in the ETS. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "15.5 61 Step 1: Abstract discusses the use of a process-based model to simulate the effects of different fertilization regimes on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon and nitrogen cycling in a wheat-maize intercropping system. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on crop yields, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks, and soil CO2 and N2O emissions under different fertilization treatments. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "15.75 62 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of conservation tillage on greenhouse gas fluxes and crop productivity in spring-wheat agroecosystems on the Loess Plateau of China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased soil water content, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, and grain yields with conservation tillage practices. Step 3: Abstract discusses the reduction of certain greenhouse gas emissions and overall global warming potential with conservation tillage, as well as the correlation between crop yield and soil health. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (conservation tillage) on reducing emissions and improving soil health, aligning with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "16.0 63 Step 1: Abstract discusses greenhouse gas emissions from smallholder farms in sub-Saharan Africa, specifically in Kenya. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of low soil GHG fluxes, likely related to low fertilizer input rates. Step 3: Abstract highlights the importance of improving water and nutrient management to increase crop production and reduce the climate footprint. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "16.25 64 Step 1: Abstract explores the relationship between profitability, nitrogen surplus, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy intensity in dairy farming. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the differences between organic and conventional dairy farms in terms of nitrogen surplus, GHG emissions, and energy intensity. Step 3: Abstract highlights the impact of intensification on various environmental indicators. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic dairy farming) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "16.5 65 Step 1: Abstract examines conservation agriculture's impact on yield, adaptation to heat and water stresses, and reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cereal systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on reduced production cost, increased economic profitability, and moderated effect of temperature and water stress with conservation agriculture. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "16.75 66 Step 1: Abstract discusses carbon-neutral wool farming in southeastern Australia and the potential for tree planting and carbon sequestration to offset livestock emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the carbon balance of a wool case study farm, Talaheni, and the sequestration of 11 times more carbon dioxide equivalents in trees and soil than was produced by livestock and energy. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential for increasing soil carbon stocks through tree planting or perennial pastures. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (carbon sequestration through tree planting) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "17.0 67 Step 1: Abstract investigates the potential impact of converting food production in England and Wales to organic methods on greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings that suggest a shift to 100% organic production would result in shortfalls in production and increased emissions from increased overseas land use. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic farming) on reducing emissions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "17.25 68 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of Nutrient Expert (NE) tool-based site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) on crop yield, farmer income, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in India. Step 2: Abstract presents results showing NE-based fertilizer management reduces GHG emissions and increases crop yield and farmer income. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "17.5 69 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the implications of eco-labeling and certification systems for rice farming on environmental impacts and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced environmental impacts of rice farming systems with eco-labeling certifications. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "17.75 70 Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of organic practices on pea landraces' growth, yield, and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on performance of different pea genotypes in organic and conventional farming systems in terms of yield and GHG emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic farming) on crop performance and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "18.0 71 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of nitrogen fertilizer management and straw returning on economic benefit and greenhouse gas intensity in a green onion-winter wheat relay intercropping system. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased yield and net economic benefit with optimized fertilization and straw returning, accompanied by reduced yield-scaled net global warming potential and net economic benefit-scaled net global warming potential. Step 3: Abstract addresses the impact of agroecological practices on economic benefit and emissions reduction. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "18.25 72 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of diversified crop rotation systems on carbon footprint in North China Plain. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings showing reduced carbon footprint in the sweet potato -> cotton -> sweet potato -> winter wheat-summer maize cropping system compared to other systems. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (diversified crop rotation) on reducing carbon footprint, which aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "18.5 73 Step 1: Abstract compares greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen leaching in different farming systems in western Finland, including organic and conventional methods. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of no significant environmental advantages of organic farming compared to conventional farming in terms of emissions and nitrogen leaching. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "18.75 74 Step 1: Abstract assesses the potential contributions of improved cookstoves in terms of organic fertilizer availability, greenhouse gas emission mitigation, and household finances. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on improved fuel efficiency and greenhouse gas emission reductions with different improved cookstoves. Step 3: Abstract highlights the financial benefits of improved cookstoves and suggests that including biogas stoves can improve soil fertility. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (improved cookstoves and biogas stoves) on reducing emissions and improving household finances, but doesn't primarily focus on agroecology's impact on climate change. However, it aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED EXCLUDE\n",
      "19.0 75 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of different tillage systems and cropping sequences on soil physicochemical properties and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Step 2: Abstract provides findings on N2O and CH4 emissions, as well as global warming potential (GWP) under different management practices. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (no-till with diversified cropping sequences) on reducing emissions and improving soil health. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "19.25 76 Step 1: Abstract discusses the effects of storage time and temperature on greenhouse gas samples. Step 2: Abstract doesn't directly address the impact of agroecological practices on greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract is not aligned with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "19.5 77 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential of traditional agroforestry systems in Rajasthan, India, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on agroforestry area, tree species, biomass, and carbon sequestration potential. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (traditional agroforestry systems) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "Thinking...\n",
      "Thinking...\n",
      "19.75 78 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of intensively managed agricultural systems on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Step 2: Abstract analyzes the management strategies to reduce GHG emissions in the three main cereal crops: rice, wheat, and maize. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions in cereal cropping systems. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "20.0 79 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the net global warming potential (GWP) of maize and soybean monoculture and maize-soybean intercrop systems with different nitrogen fertilizer rates in the North China Plain. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher net primary production and lower net C emissions in maize monoculture, but lower N2O fluxes and indirect GHG emissions in maize-soybean intercrop treatments with lower N rates. Step 3: Abstract emphasizes the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on direct and indirect GHG emissions and identifies optimal N fertilizer rates for maize-soybean intercrop based on nitrogen-scaled GWP. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of nitrogen fertilizer and cropping practices on emissions and aligns with the review INCLUDE\n",
      "20.25 80 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of litter diversity on greenhouse gas emissions in an alpine steppe soil in Northern Tibet. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of significant non-additive effects of litter diversity on GHG dynamics, influenced by species composition and litter chemical traits. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "20.5 81 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of different organic fertilization strategies on net global warming potential (net GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in rice-wheat annual rotation systems in China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of organic amendments on greenhouse gas emissions and soil organic carbon sequestration. Step 3: Abstract discusses the effectiveness of different organic fertilization strategies in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic fertilization strategies) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "20.75 82 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of variable fertilizer and irrigation treatments on greenhouse gas fluxes from sorghum cropping systems in arid New Mexico. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions in response to irrigation and fertilization treatments. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "21.0 83 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of fertilizer and water management on rice performance and greenhouse gas intensity in tropical climates. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on CH4 and N2O emissions, rice yield, and global warming potential (GWP) under different management practices. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and crop yield. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "21.25 84 Step 1: Abstract discusses soil organic matter's potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and improve farming system resilience to climate change. Step 2: Abstract provides quantitative data on carbon sequestration in organic farming practices. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objective of exploring the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "21.5 85 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the potential of old wheat varieties for climate change mitigation in Mediterranean agroecosystems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of lower carbon footprints for old wheat varieties under organic and conventional management. Step 3: Abstract discusses the importance of reducing GHGe from machinery and fertilizer use and promoting carbon sequestration as climate change mitigation strategies. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "21.75 86 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of nitrogen management on greenhouse gas emissions in intensive smallholder maize production in China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a regional nitrogen management approach that reduces nitrogen fertilizer use, increases maize production, and reduces GHG emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices and their impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "22.0 87 Step 1: Abstract investigates spatiotemporal dynamics of nutrient turnover processes and greenhouse gas emissions after localised soil amendment with organic fertilisers. Step 2: Abstract focuses on the behaviour of manure solids and manure solids char in relation to phosphorus availability, emphasizing the importance of optimal fertiliser use efficiency. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "22.25 88 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of climate-smart agricultural practices on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, climate change adaptation, and economic efficiency in the rice-wheat system in India. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of GHG mitigation potential, lower emission intensity, and higher economic and environmental sustainability with climate-smart agricultural practices. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (climate-smart agricultural practices) on reducing emissions and climate change adaptation while improving economic efficiency, aligning with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "22.5 89 Step 1: Abstract discusses carbon accounting rules and guidelines for the U.S. forest sector. Step 2: Abstract presents potential economic benefits and reduction activities in the forestry sector. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "22.75 90 Step 1: Abstract assesses the impact of different management practices on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions over winter in croplands. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of significant reductions in N2O emissions with no-till and nitrification/urease inhibitors, but not with cover crops. Step 3: Abstract doesn't mainly focus on agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "23.0 91 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential for small changes in farming practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and identifies local barriers to implementation in Spain. Step 2: Abstract presents findings from stakeholder involvement (experts and farmers) and methods for prioritizing potential mitigation practices. Step 3: Abstract discusses policy needs and implications for the European Union Common Agricultural Policy. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "23.25 92 Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of cropland management practices on greenhouse gas emissions and grain yield. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on the effects of different management practices on net greenhouse gas budget and soil organic carbon sequestration rate. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on emissions and yield. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "23.5 93 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the greenhouse gas balance and economic performance of agroforestry and forestry systems on salt-affected soils in South Asia based on three case studies. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on carbon sequestration and net present value. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "23.75 94 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of tillage systems on greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential in a rice-mustard-rice cropping system. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced methane emissions and global warming potential with strip tillage compared to conventional tillage in mustard crops. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential of conservation agriculture practices to reduce emissions and improve soil carbon storage. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (strip tillage) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "24.0 95 Step 1: Abstract investigates oscillations in bacterial populations and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in response to disturbances in organically managed (ORG) and conventionally managed (CONV) soils. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of peaks in N2O and CO2 emissions, followed by fluctuations in bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) and CH4 emissions in response to soil amendments. Step 3: Abstract discusses differences in oscillations between ORG and CONV soils and their implications for soil health. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of different management practices on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "24.25 96 Step 1: Abstract discusses challenges faced by smallholder farming systems in Ethiopia due to climate change impacts and limited resources. Step 2: Abstract presents the potential benefits of adopting climate-smart agriculture practices, including drought resilience, carbon sequestration, and higher household income. Step 3: Abstract outlines barriers and limitations to the adoption of these practices, including land tenure issues, lack of knowledge, and insufficient policy support. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (climate-smart agriculture) on smallholder farming systems and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "24.5 97 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of tillage and N fertilization on greenhouse gas (GHG) production at the macroaggregate scale. Step 2: Abstract highlights findings of CH4 production in no-tillage and net CH4 production in conventional tillage. Step 3: Abstract presents results of significant differences in CO2 emissions and N2O losses due to nitrification and denitrification processes under different fertilization treatments and tillage systems. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (tillage and N fertilization) on GHG emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "24.75 98 Step 1: Abstract focuses on predicting and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from liquid dairy manure. Step 2: Abstract presents factors affecting emissions, storage conditions, and manure composition. Step 3: Abstract discusses challenges in predicting and mitigating emissions, as well as different manure treatment and management options. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "25.0 99 Step 1: Abstract examines carbon emissions from staple crop production in saline agriculture in eastern China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on carbon footprint and driving forces of emissions, as well as proposed measures to reduce them. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (e.g., planting-breeding combination, traditional rotation system, water-saving agriculture, ecological agriculture) on reducing emissions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "25.25 100 Step 1: Abstract discusses greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dairy farming and the development of a model to account for relevant flows. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of GHG emissions in organic and conventional dairy farms in Germany, including the largest contributors to emissions and differences in soil carbon storage and sequestration. Step 3: Abstract addresses the need for farm-specific optimization approaches to reduce GHG emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic farming) on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "25.5 101 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of fertilizer management technologies on greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen loss, and economic return in rice cultivation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the recovery efficiency of N, N losses, and global warming potential with different technologies. Step 3: Abstract highlights the economic implications of implementing these technologies, including their net income and marginal abatement cost. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "25.75 102 Step 1: Abstract investigates the effects of co-application of poultry-litter biochar and Azolla on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and rice yield in a lowland paddy soil. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased methane (CH4) emissions and decreased nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions with co-application of Azolla and biochar. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential of the co-application to increase rice yield and reduce non-CO2 GHG emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (co-application of Azolla and biochar) on reducing emissions and increasing yield, and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "26.0 103 Step 1: Abstract compares environmental and economic impacts of conventional, organic, and agroecological management of highbush blueberry production in Chile. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher yields and lower production costs in the agroecological management system, as well as lower environmental impacts across multiple categories. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on environmental and economic performance in blueberry production, aligning with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "26.25 104 Step 1: Abstract assesses the environmental and economic performance of different Charolais beef production systems in France. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and income for different farming systems. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "26.5 105 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the environmental performance of producing and distributing densified lignocellulosic biomass in Western Canada in terms of energy and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents results of energy and emissions in field activities and scenarios for reducing them. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "26.75 106 Step 1: Abstract describes the REPRO model software for analyzing carbon and nitrogen fluxes in farming systems and estimating greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of lower emissions and higher carbon sequestration in organic farming compared to conventional farming. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "27.0 107 Step 1: Abstract evaluates N2O emissions from sugarcane fields under different watering regimes in the Brazilian savannah. Step 2: Abstract highlights the association between irrigation and nitrogen application with increased N2O emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "27.25 108 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of soil nutrient management practices on greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential in a soybean-wheat cropping system in India. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the differences in gas emissions and global warming potential under three nutrient management systems. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "27.5 109 Step 1: Abstract examines impact of different rice-wheat cropping systems on soil quality and greenhouse gas emissions in Afghanistan. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher greenhouse gas emissions in rice production but greater potential for soil carbon sequestration. Step 3: Abstract discusses impact of agroecological practices (organic fertilizer application) on soil quality and net income. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and soil quality, aligning with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "27.75 110 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of conservation agriculture practices on energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in pigeonpea-castor systems in India. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions with zero tillage compared to conventional tillage. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of residue levels on energy use efficiency and productivity. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (conservation agriculture) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "28.0 111 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of different dung beetle species assemblages on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cattle dung pats. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of overall reduced CO2 and N2O fluxes with the presence of beetles, but increased CH4 flux with the large tunneler species. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential beneficial ecosystem services and the importance of diverse beetle assemblages in reducing GHG emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (conservation of diverse dung beetle assemblages) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "28.25 112 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of organic and chemical fertilization of maize on cow performance, economic outcomes, and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of lower production cost, similar nutritive value, and similar milk yield and composition with organic fertilization. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential for increasing sustainability and profitability of dairy production with manure reuse and recycling. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic fertilization) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "28.5 113 Step 1: Abstract investigates the benefits of anaerobic digestion of manure for nitrogen utilization and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the plant-available nitrogen in digestate and the higher N2O emissions from undigested manure during thawing. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "28.75 114 Step 1: Abstract assesses the carbon footprint of smallholder farms in Central Madagascar and the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of significant GHG reductions with agroforestry, forestry systems, composting, and system of rice intensification. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "29.0 115 Step 1: Abstract aims to perform a meta-analysis of the environmental impacts of organic and conventional farming and link them to management practices. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on organic matter content, agro-biodiversity, and impacts on nitrate, phosphorous, and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "29.25 116 Step 1: Abstract discusses economic valuation of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) paddy cultivation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the best water level for SRI paddy cultivation based on economic value, taking into account irrigation water use, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and yields. Step 3: Abstract doesn't address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "29.5 117 Step 1: Abstract investigates the effect of adopting integrated crop-livestock systems on greenhouse gas mitigation, specifically nitrous oxide emissions, in a Brazilian clayey oxisol. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher N2O emissions in continuous crop (CC) areas compared to integrated crop-livestock systems. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of agroecological practices (integrated crop-livestock systems) on reducing emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "29.75 118 Step 1: Abstract investigates the effect of simultaneous inputs of crop straw and nitrogen fertilizer on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen losses from rice production. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of quadratic response of rice yield to nitrogen rate and exponential or linear promotion of nitrogen discharges. Step 3: Abstract highlights GHG intensity and reactive nitrogen intensity of rice production with different treatments. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "30.0 119 Step 1: Abstract examines pig farming in Europe's potential for reducing fossil energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of potential improvements in feed use, manure management, and manure utilization. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "30.25 120 Step 1: Abstract assesses energy usage efficiency (EUE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from lemon production in Turkey. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of energy inputs and values of lemon yield, as well as GHG emissions breakdown by input type. Step 3: Abstract doesn't explicitly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "30.5 121 Step 1: Abstract analyzes how an innovation platform can foster multi-actor collaboration for climate-smart agriculture (CSA) implementation at the local level in Colombia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of improved stakeholder interactions, increased farmer knowledge levels, and adoption of best-bet practices through the innovation platform. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (CSA) on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "30.75 122 Step 1: Abstract discusses greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in vineyards and methods for reducing them through land and crop management practices. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and increasing carbon sequestration in vineyards. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring agroecological practices' impact on climate change in agriculture. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "31.0 123 Step 1: Abstract discusses biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) technology's potential to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from farming. Step 2: Abstract presents the need for transformative biological technologies to harness BNI and improve nitrogen-cycling in agricultural systems. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "31.25 124 Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of climate change on winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees and potential implications for crop yields. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative estimates of winter chill for past and future scenarios. Step 3: Abstract indirectly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract is not directly related to agroecological practices' impact on climate change, so it should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "31.5 125 Step 1: Abstract discusses energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in Danish organic cash crop farms. Step 2: Abstract presents modeling results for alternative crop rotations for bio-energy production. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (crop rotations for bio-energy production) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "31.75 126 Step 1: Abstract discusses yield gap analysis to identify attainable milk and meat productivities and potential for greenhouse gas emissions mitigation in cattle systems in Colombia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of potential increases in milk and meat productivity and identifies ways to close yield gaps and decrease carbon footprints. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "32.0 127 Step 1: Abstract discusses modifying rice crop management to ease water constraints and reduce inputs while increasing productivity and environmental benefits. Step 2: Abstract mentions diminished greenhouse gas emissions and more climate-resilience as additional benefits. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "32.25 128 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of productive green infrastructure on air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural settings in Ontario, Canada. Step 2: Abstract presents findings demonstrating the benefits of productive green infrastructure. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential of nature-based solutions to build climate resilience in agricultural systems. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "32.5 129 Step 1: Abstract discusses the global warming potential (GWP) of no-till (NT) agriculture systems in a subtropical Brazilian Ferralsol. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and increased soil organic carbon (OC) sequestration with no-till. Step 3: Abstract highlights the significant reduction in GWP with no-till, driven mainly by OC sequestration. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (no-till) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "32.75 130 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the potential of alternative farming practices for sustainable energy and water use and GHG mitigation in conventional maize systems in Mexico. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on potential savings in energy intensity, GHG intensity, and irrigation water productivity with different alternative practices. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing energy, GHG emissions, and water use in conventional maize systems and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "33.0 131 Step 1: Abstract assesses energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in organic and conventional rice production in Brazil. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of energy inputs and outputs, energy efficiency, and GHG emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "33.25 132 Step 1: Abstract explores soil N2O emissions from smallholder organic and conventional cotton production practices in Northern Tanzania. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of similar cumulative N2O emissions between current organic and conventional practices, as well as the effects of different fertilization practices on emissions and yields. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "33.5 133 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of strategic tillage on carbon footprints and soil organic carbon accumulation in a wheat-maize cropping system. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of lower carbon footprints with strategic tillage and increased soil organic carbon accumulation. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of agroecological practice (strategic tillage) on reducing emissions and improving soil health. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "33.75 134 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential contributions of subsoil arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to sustainable and climate-smart agriculture. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of considering subsoil nutrient pools and microbiota in agriculture. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (crop rotations, cover cropping, and low-disturbance management) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "34.0 135 Step 1: Abstract discusses the development of a mobile and web application that calculates carbon footprint in education and transport sectors. Step 2: Abstract highlights the use of information and communication technologies to combat greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "34.25 136 Step 1: Abstract investigates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from vegetable land treated with animal manure composts. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions and factors affecting their emission fluxes. Step 3: Abstract doesn't address the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions or their relationship to climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "34.5 137 Step 1: Abstract focuses on the impact of winter rye cover crop on N2O emissions in maize cropping systems treated with banded N fertilizer in Iowa. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effect of cover crop on soil nitrate concentrations and N2O emissions, and the role of mineralizable C in controlling N2O emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (cover crop) on N2O emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "34.75 138 Step 1: Abstract discusses the adoption of conservation agriculture and the impact of financial support on promoting it in Italy. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of conservation agriculture on crop yield, soil fertility, management cost, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil erosion risk. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (conservation agriculture) on reducing emissions and promoting sustainability. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "35.0 139 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need for consistent and improved methodology for agricultural carbon footprint (CF) studies, with a focus on organic agriculture. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of inconsistencies in boundaries and emission factor (EF) tiers used in agricultural CF studies. Step 3: Abstract proposes principles for consistent agricultural CF calculation and highlights the potential use of organic farms as a study population. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the need for improved methodology in assessing the impact of agroecological practices on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "35.25 140 Step 1: Abstract discusses agriculture's contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the need for climate-smart agriculture practices in urban and peri-urban areas. Step 2: Abstract presents findings and recommendations for reducing GHG emissions in agriculture and promoting carbon sequestration. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "35.5 141 Step 1: Abstract discusses the challenge of doubling global food demand and the importance of soil organic carbon (SOC) for agro-ecosystems and greenhouse gas (GHG) uptake and emission in agriculture. Step 2: Abstract presents potential soil management strategies, such as no-till practices, cover crop management, and manure application, to enhance SOC sequestration and contribute to sustainable food production. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "35.75 142 Step 1: Abstract discusses soil carbon sequestration as a means to mitigate atmospheric CO2 increases in US agricultural soils. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the potential for soil carbon sequestration through various agricultural management practices. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change, but rather focuses on soil carbon sequestration potential. Step 4: Abstract could be relevant to the literature review, but since it doesn't directly address agroecological practices, it should be EXCLUDED unless the review specifically includes soil carbon sequestration as a mitigation strategy. INCLUDE\n",
      "36.0 143 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of soil management practices in California specialty crop systems on nitrous oxide emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the development of emission factors and state-wide emissions for four major crops. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "36.25 144 Step 1: Abstract examines the potential of conservation agriculture (no-till and cover crops) to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in cotton production in Texas High Plains (THP). Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the effects of tillage practices and nitrogen fertilizer application on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soil. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (conservation agriculture) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "36.5 145 Step 1: Abstract focuses on estimating aboveground net biomass change in tropical and subtropical forests for greenhouse gas accounting. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of revised increment AGB rates based on new data and accounting for uncertainties. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "36.75 146 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the potential of windbreak trees to reduce carbon emissions in agricultural operations in the US. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on emission avoidance contributions and greenhouse gas emission budgets for different farming scenarios. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of windbreaks on reducing fossil fuel usage and GHG emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "37.0 147 Step 1: Abstract discusses a procedure for handling co-products in LCA of a sugar cane system and compares different allocation procedures for estimating GHG emissions from molasses ethanol. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effectiveness of a specific abatement scenario in reducing emissions and the impact of indirect land use change (ILUC) on ethanol's GHG balance. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "37.25 148 Step 1: Abstract discusses a survey of organic sheep farmers and their technical, socioeconomic, and environmental findings. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on differences between organic and conventional systems in terms of intensity, environmental impacts, and feed autonomy. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "37.5 149 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of cover crops on soil CO2 and N2O emissions during organic transition in corn-soybean-wheat rotation across three topographies. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of mitigating GHG emissions in agriculture and the potential of organic farming. Step 3: Abstract provides findings on the impact of different cover crop mixtures and residue fragment size on CO2 emissions, but N2O emissions did not differ significantly. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (use of cover crops) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "37.75 150 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of conservation agriculture on greenhouse gas emissions, soil characteristics, and nutrient dynamics. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced N2O and CO2 emissions with permanent raised bed planting and crop residue retention compared to conventionally tilled raised beds. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "38.0 151 Step 1: Abstract examines the potential of silvopastoral systems (SPS) to neutralize the impact of enteric methane emissions from commercial beef cattle production by facilitating carbon storage as soil organic carbon (SOC). Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a study conducted in Brazil, including the estimation of gas balance and net carbon dioxide equivalent (CO(2)e) emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "38.25 152 Step 1: Abstract discusses Jatropha curcas L. as a potential feedstock for bio-diesel production and its impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract reviews available information on the production process and environmental effects. Step 3: Abstract primarily focuses on the production process and environmental effects of Jatropha bio-diesel, rather than its impact on climate change as an agroecological practice. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "38.5 153 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of different manuring systems, including biogas digestion, on soil mineral nitrogen content and gaseous nitrogen losses. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of biogas digestion on soil mineral N content and ammonia volatilization, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from different manuring treatments. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "38.75 154 Step 1: Abstract discusses quantification of greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potential in agriculture in Bangladesh using management data from smallholder crop and livestock farmers. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on GHG emissions and mitigation potential, as well as cost/benefit analysis of adoption of mitigation measures. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "39.0 155 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of climate change on oil palm production in Malaysia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of climate change on oil palm yield and quality, as well as vulnerability to disease and water stress. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "39.25 156 Step 1: Abstract compares environmental impacts of conventional, organic, and free-range pig production. Step 2: Abstract uses multicriteria analysis and expert input to assess environmental impacts. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "39.5 157 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of organic farming on climate change. Step 2: Abstract highlights the potential benefits and challenges of organic farming in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract addresses the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "39.75 158 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential of biochar from cookstoves to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and its other benefits for sustainable development in smallholder farms in Africa. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of participatory research on biochar production and use, as well as on-farm trials that resulted in increased maize yields. Step 3: Abstract highlights the considerable climate benefits of biochar production and use in smallholder farms in sub-Saharan Africa. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (biochar from cookstoves) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "40.0 159 Step 1: Abstract examines the potential of marginal land for cellulosic feedstock production and carbon sequestration in the United States. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the spatial distribution of marginal land and the impact of feedstock production on soil carbon. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (growing feedstocks on marginal land) on carbon sequestration and bioenergy production, aligning with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "40.25 160 Step 1: Abstract assesses carbon stocks of two agroforestry systems in a tropical forest reserve in the Philippines. Step 2: Abstract highlights the potential of agroforestry systems as sources and sinks of carbon, relating to the review's objectives. Step 3: Abstract presents quantitative findings of carbon stocks in different pools for both agroforestry systems. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (agroforestry systems) on mitigating climate change, aligning with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "40.5 161 Step 1: Abstract discusses the role of smart technology in achieving sustainable agriculture. Step 2: Abstract presents a case study analyzing the effects of smart technology implementation on sustainability performance. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "40.75 162 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the economic and environmental sustainability of Kernza intermediate wheatgrass as a dual-purpose grain and forage crop compared to other organic grain production systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of low grain yield of IWG impacting economic indicators, but favorable emergy sustainability indices due to lower soil erosion and fewer external inputs. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices (perennial agriculture and integrated crop-livestock systems) and their impact on sustainability. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "41.0 163 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential of agriculture as a mitigation solution through carbon sequestration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, with a focus on olive groves. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the role of olive groves in storing carbon in tree biomass and soil, and the impact of management practices on this role. Step 3: Abstract emphasizes the link between soil carbon sequestration, improved soil properties, and increased water storage and reduced erosion, which are important for crop adaptation to climate change. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and promoting adaptation to climate change, and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "41.25 164 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of fertilizer optimization on greenhouse gas emissions from oil palm production in Indonesia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the complexity of optimizing fertilizer use to minimize emissions and highlights the challenge of meeting the EU threshold for biofuel emission savings. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions from oil palm production. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "41.5 165 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the mitigation potential of ecological management programs in grazed rangeland ecosystems in China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the potential to convert the ecosystem from a net source to a net sink of atmospheric CH4 by improving management practices. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of agroecological practices (optimal fertilization, rest and light grazing, and intensification of livestock management) on CH4 uptake. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "41.75 166 Step 1: Abstract analyzes the potential environmental benefits of introducing municipal organic waste recovery in Hanoi, Vietnam, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced emissions and extended landfill life with composting of organic waste. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential of composting as a solution for sustainable waste management and climate protection. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (composting organic waste) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "42.0 167 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential for adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices in Sub-Saharan livestock systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a study that used a mixed logit model to assess the influence of different types of capitals on adoption and to estimate the probability of adoption. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change in Sub-Saharan livestock systems. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "42.25 168 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of climate change on oil palm production in Malaysia and the need for effective adaptation strategies. Step 2: Abstract presents various impacts of climate change on oil palm production and adaptation options. Step 3: Abstract specifically addresses the impact of agroecological practices (such as sustainable soil management, minimal use of fertilizers and pesticides, and zero burning) on oil palm production in the context of climate change. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing the impact of climate change on oil palm production and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "42.5 169 Step 1: Abstract discusses greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigation in Romanian vineyards. Step 2: Abstract highlights the potential for GHG mitigation through appropriate methods of tillage, fertilization, harvesting, irrigation, and vineyard maintenance. Step 3: Abstract provides relevant information on practical methods to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases in viticulture. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "42.75 170 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of land-use change on greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Step 2: Abstract presents research findings on the relationship between land-use change and temperature. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "43.0 171 Step 1: Abstract provides an overview of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices and their impact on smallholder farmers in African countries. Step 2: Abstract addresses the agricultural sector's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and the threat of climate change on food security in Africa. Step 3: Abstract directly discusses the impact of CSA practices on climate change and smallholder farmers. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "43.25 172 Step 1: Abstract discusses the benefits of crop diversification in European cropping systems and the barriers hindering its implementation. Step 2: Abstract presents a collaborative effort to address these barriers and enable the uptake of diversification measures. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (crop diversification) on promoting sustainability in European agri-food systems and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "43.5 173 Step 1: Abstract discusses the feasibility of organic agriculture in achieving sustainable food systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on land use, N-surplus, pesticide use, and greenhouse gas emissions in 100% conversion to organic agriculture. Step 3: Abstract addresses the need to address waste, crop-grass-livestock interdependencies, and human consumption for sustainable food systems. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic agriculture) on achieving sustainable food systems and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "43.75 174 Step 1: Abstract discusses the importance of sustainable soil management practices in wine growing regions and their impact on soil health, grape quality, and terroir expression. Step 2: Abstract specifically addresses the use of cover crops and compost application and their effects on physical, chemical, and biological aspects of soil health. Step 3: Abstract explores research gaps and best management practices to minimize tradeoffs such as greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on grape quality and terroir expression, and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "44.0 175 Step 1: Abstract investigates the effect of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methods on water use, NPS pollution discharge, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Korean rice cultivation. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings showing reductions in irrigation water, NPS pollution load, and GHG emissions with SRI methods. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practice's impact on climate change and water quality. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "44.25 176 Step 1: Abstract examines the environmental impact and grain yield of alternative rice establishment methods in Myanmar. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on yield and global warming potential of the different methods. Step 3: Abstract doesn't explicitly address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "44.5 177 Step 1: Abstract explores maladaptive outcomes of adaptation strategies adopted by smallholder farmers in rural Ghana. Step 2: Abstract highlights the negative impacts of maladaptation outcomes on the environment and farmers' capacity to respond to climate change. Step 3: Abstract discusses the need for adaptation policies to prioritize minimizing maladaptation outcomes and educating farmers on best practices. Step 4: Abstract indirectly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change, but it is more focused on maladaptation and policy implications. As a result, it should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "44.75 178 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of soil hydraulic arrangement and cover crop management on crop productivity, soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon balance in an organic horticultural rotation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of improved soil fertility and crop yields with proper hydraulic arrangements and cover crops. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on crop performance and soil properties, and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "45.0 179 Step 1: Abstract discusses the long-term impacts of manure amendments on soil carbon and greenhouse gas dynamics in rangelands. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased soil carbon and nitrogen stocks with manure amendments, as well as increased nitrous oxide emissions and decreased methane uptake. Step 3: Abstract highlights the overall net greenhouse gas sink effect of manured fields, but also reveals that this effect decreases over time. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (manure amendments) on greenhouse gas dynamics and soil carbon storage and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "45.25 180 Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of using organic fertilizers on sugarcane mulch in terms of GHG emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on CO2 and N2O emissions and mulch decomposition dynamics with different N fertilizers and mulch amounts. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objective of assessing the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "45.5 181 Step 1: Abstract discusses the use of farm system models to accurately represent cover crop systems and estimate greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings from using published field experiment datasets to parameterize and validate DayCent model for cover crop biomass production and related emissions. Step 3: Abstract emphasizes the importance of detailed reporting from empirical studies to improve model estimates. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the use of modeling in agroecology and its impact on emissions, and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "45.75 182 Step 1: Abstract discusses sustainable livestock intensification options to reduce agro-environmental trade-offs in smallholder farming systems in Northern Tanzania. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of high GHG emission intensities and identifies obstacles to adopting sustainable intensification technologies. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "46.0 183 Step 1: Abstract investigates the influence of nitrogen fertilizer and straw returning on methane emissions from a rice paddy field in China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on increased methane emissions with different treatments. Step 3: Abstract primarily discusses the impact of nitrogen fertilizer and straw returning on emissions and doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "46.25 184 Step 1: Abstract discusses the challenge of mainstreaming agricultural emissions into a climate action agenda through integrative approaches and the importance of considering institutional feedbacks on GHG emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a case study on small-scale dairy farmers in western Kenya and the effect of price risks on incentivizing the adoption of Climate Smart Agriculture technologies. Step 3: Abstract addresses the impact of institutional interactions on GHG spillover at scale and suggests using the Sustainable Food Value Chain analytical lens to mediate the effective mainstreaming of agricultural emissions into climate change risk management initiatives. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices and institutional feedbacks on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it EXCLUDE\n",
      "46.5 185 Step 1: Abstract discusses a futuristic study on making Swedish agriculture environmentally and economically sustainable. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on achieving sustainable food production through rationalization and compensation for additional costs, as well as carbon sequestration to offset emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "46.75 186 Step 1: Abstract discusses the combined effects of dewatering, composting, and pelleting on livestock manure to produce sustainable organic fertilizers. Step 2: Abstract highlights the potential of organic fertilizers to increase soil organic carbon and mitigate climate change impact. Step 3: Abstract addresses the impact of agroecological practices (dewatering, composting, and pelleting) on reducing risks related to weed seeds and harmful bacteria in livestock manure and increasing nutrient availability in growing media. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "47.0 187 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of soil tillage and agricultural crops on greenhouse gas emissions from clay soil in a temperate climate. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on N2O and CH4 emissions and CO2 assimilation with different tillage treatments and crops. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (reduced tillage) on reducing emissions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "47.25 188 Step 1: Abstract discusses alley cropping as a transformative land-use solution in agriculture with potential for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Step 2: Abstract presents the potential benefits of alley cropping, including diversifying income, reducing environmental impact, and improving resource-use efficiency. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the use of agroecological practices (alley cropping) to mitigate climate change and restore ecosystem services. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "47.5 189 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of global food systems on climate change, planetary boundaries, and deforestation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the greenhouse gas emissions of global food system scenarios and identifies feasible scenarios. Step 3: Abstract highlights the importance of dietary change in reducing emissions and challenges frequent claims on the impact of crop yields. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "47.75 190 Step 1: Abstract investigates strategies to decrease nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from sugarcane fields fertilized with vinasse and nitrogen fertilizer. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of different combinations of vinasse and nitrogen fertilizer on N2O emissions, as well as the impact of soil moisture. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "48.0 191 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need for innovative agricultural systems in the Philippines to address food security, clean energy access, natural resource use, and climate change. Step 2: Abstract presents the development of a conservation agriculture with trees (CAT) system that increases food productivity and stabilizes soils, but lacks a clean energy component. Step 3: Abstract proposes the integration of bioenergy into the CAT system and highlights the potential for an integrated food energy system using agroforestry, livestock, and bioenergy. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' potential to address climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "48.25 192 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of climate change on land use in Indian agriculture, specifically on cropping patterns and farmers' acreage allocation decisions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of negative impacts of excess temperature on crop yields and limited prospects for adaptation through adjustments in land use. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "48.5 193 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of crop residue management on CO2 efflux in a corn-wheat rotation in a semi-arid region. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased CO2 efflux with crop residue retention under conventional tillage but not under no-tillage. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential for improving soil management practices for carbon sequestration. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (crop residue management) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "48.75 194 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of nutritional composition of diets based on tropical forages on methane emissions from zebu steers. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher methane emissions with low-quality diets and lower emissions with diets including Leucaena forage legumes. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential of including high-quality forage in diets to reduce methane emissions while increasing animal productivity. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (including high-quality forage in diets) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "49.0 195 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of long-term fertilization management on methane emissions and rice yield. Step 2: Abstract provides findings on rice yield and CH4 emissions under different fertilization treatments. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "49.25 196 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of long-term organic farming on soil organic carbon (SOC) recovery in a Mediterranean citrus plantation. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on SOC sequestration rate and total carbon sequestered after 21 years. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practice's impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "49.5 197 Step 1: Abstract discusses the effect of cover cropping on the net global warming potential (GWP) of rice paddy soil. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the emissions of CH4, N2O, and CO2 under different cover cropping treatments and their biomass application. Step 3: Abstract highlights the increase in net GWP due to cover cropping and its biomass application in rice paddy soil due to increased CH4 emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (cover cropping) on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "49.75 198 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential of orphan crops to contribute to sustainable food systems and improve agricultural sustainability under climate change. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the nutritional value and adaptability of orphan crops, and their potential for future crop improvement. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential of orphan crops to address socio-economic and environmental challenges under climate change. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (use of orphan crops) on improving food security and sustainability under climate change, and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "50.0 199 Step 1: Abstract investigates bacterial community diversity in fertilized paddy field soil using high throughput sequencing. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of no significant effects of long-term fertilization on soil microbial structure. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of organic fertilizer on bacterial community composition and abundance of microorganisms that benefit rice growth and combat greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (use of organic fertilizer) on soil bacterial community and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "50.25 200 Step 1: Abstract discusses the challenge of efficient and economical usage of agricultural land and proposes an optimization method for a full harvest season of large crop ensembles. Step 2: Abstract mentions reducing greenhouse gas emissions and food waste, which are both related to climate change. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "50.5 201 Step 1: Abstract examines the short-term effect of cover crop on soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution and chemistry in agricultural soils. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the impact of cover crop on SOC in size and density-separated soil aggregates. Step 3: Abstract doesn't discuss the impact of agroecological practices on greenhouse gas emissions or climate change directly. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "50.75 202 Step 1: Abstract discusses nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from biogas crop production systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a 2-year field experiment comparing biogas crops and nitrogen fertilizers/manures for productivity and GHG emissions in northern Germany. Step 3: Abstract discusses the complex microbial processes underlying N2O emissions and their interactions with environmental variables. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions from biogas crop production and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "51.0 203 Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of land use change from rainforest to rubber plantation on soil carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of seasonal differences in soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes between rainforest and rubber plantations. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "51.25 204 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need for higher tier methodologies to assess the impacts of land use and management change on soil carbon at fine spatial scales. Step 2: Abstract presents a vision for a global framework capable of quantifying land use change and management impacts on soil carbon. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on soil carbon and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "51.5 205 Step 1: Abstract discusses the assessment of climate smart agriculture (CSA) practices in rice production in Vietnam. Step 2: Abstract presents a case study evaluating the performance of different CSA models. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of CSA practices on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing resilience while improving food security. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "51.75 206 Step 1: Abstract discusses the nitrogen cycle and mitigation strategies for nitrogen loss during organic waste composting. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on operational parameters, microbial activities, and functions of enzymes and genes affecting the nitrogen cycle. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices (adding additives and microbial inoculation) to control nitrogen loss during composting. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring agroecological practices' impact on climate change, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "52.0 207 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the sustainability of agricultural-based biodiesel in a specific region of Brazil using a combination of environmental, economic, and social metrics. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a decline in sustainability due to increased greenhouse gas emissions from land use change, despite improvements in economic and social metrics. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential for increased productivity and automation to improve sustainability. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (such as increased productivity and automation) on improving sustainability and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "52.25 208 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of agriculture on climate change and proposes a federal climate-smart certification program for producers who use climate-friendly agriculture practices. Step 2: Abstract focuses on policy and advocacy rather than scientific research. Step 3: Abstract doesn't provide data on the impact of agroecological practices on emissions or climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "52.5 209 Step 1: Abstract examines the effectiveness of shallow injection of pig slurry in reducing NH3 emissions in a Mediterranean soil under different weather conditions. Step 2: Abstract discusses trade-offs related to greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract provides insights into the impact of an agroecological practice (shallow injection of pig slurry) on reducing NH3 emissions and its potential trade-offs. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "52.75 210 Step 1: Abstract compares the environmental impacts of different agricultural production systems, input efficiency, and food choices. Step 2: Abstract presents findings from a meta-analysis of life cycle assessments. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "53.0 211 Step 1: Abstract discusses the role of agriculture and land use change in atmospheric CO2 emissions and the potential of agroforestry systems (AFSs) to mitigate climate change. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a study on soil carbon stock in olive groves with different management practices and a comparison with nearby forest ecosystems. Step 3: Abstract discusses the importance of investigating soil C stock in olive groves and potential agronomic practices to improve it. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic management and silvopastoral AFS) on soil carbon stock and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "53.25 212 Step 1: Abstract discusses precision nutrient management and conservation agriculture-based wheat production in Northwest India. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased yield, nutrient use efficiency, and profitability with site-specific nutrient management. Step 3: Abstract highlights reduced greenhouse gas emissions with no-tillage and site-specific nutrient management. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (no-tillage and site-specific nutrient management) on reducing emissions and increasing yield and nutrient use efficiency, aligning with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "53.5 213 Step 1: Abstract presents the development of environmental indicators from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in France using the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Step 2: Abstract discusses the estimation of two environmental impacts - climate change and non-renewable energy use - from the FADN database. Step 3: Abstract doesn't discuss agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "53.75 214 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of rye cover cropping on N2O emissions and denitrification potential in corn fields in Illinois. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced peak N2O fluxes with rye cover cropping and discrepancies between field measurements and models. Step 3: Abstract doesn't clearly align with the review's focus on agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "54.0 215 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of tillage and winter cover crops on N2O emissions in a cropping system. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of low N2O emissions during autumn, winter, and early spring, but higher emissions after spring tillage and slurry application. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "54.25 216 Step 1: Abstract assesses the sustainability performance of organic and conventional cocoa farming systems in Ghana. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher environmental sustainability performance and profitability in organic cocoa farming systems compared to conventional. Step 3: Abstract highlights the influence of agronomic practices on sustainability performance. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic farming) on sustainability and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "54.5 217 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need for balancing food and environmental objectives in agricultural production systems. Step 2: Abstract presents a review of six farm management practices and their impact on efficient nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on nutrient cycling and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "54.75 218 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of replacing energy crops with bio-waste in an existing anaerobic digestion plant on energy and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a life cycle assessment (LCA) comparing two different scenarios. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "55.0 219 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of a fall-planted cereal rye cover crop on soil water, nitrate levels, and greenhouse gas emissions during early spring. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced nitrous oxide emissions and changes in emission signatures with the cover crop. Step 3: Abstract doesn't explicitly address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "55.25 220 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of bio-waste on soil health, climate change, and the environment in India. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of scientific recycling of organics and the disadvantages of unscientific management. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing negative impacts of bio-waste and improving soil health. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "55.5 221 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of topography and best management practices (BMPs) on N2O emissions from agriculture. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of spatial variability in N2O emissions due to topographical attributes and increased emissions with BMPs. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (BMPs) on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "55.75 222 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of intercropping with alfalfa on soil microbial community functionality in bioenergy crop fields. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on minor but significant changes in microbial community composition with intercropping, particularly in relation to nitrogen preservation. Step 3: Abstract addresses the impact of agroecological practices (intercropping with alfalfa) on soil microbial communities and their potential to reduce emissions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "56.0 223 Step 1: Abstract explores carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies for achieving the 1.5 degrees C limit for global temperature increase. Step 2: Abstract discusses soil carbon sequestration (SCS) and carbon capture and storage (CCS) integrated with cellulosic biofuel production in decentralized biorefinery systems. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "56.25 224 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the potential of anaerobic digestion (AD) for biorefining cereal rye cover crops. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of biogas and methane yields from bench- and pilot-scale digesters and investigates the effects of total solids content and ensiling on digester performance. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "56.5 225 Step 1: Abstract focuses on the impact of organic inputs on soil carbon storage and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract discusses agroecological practices such as conservation tillage, crop rotation, cover cropping, and organic manuring. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "56.75 226 Step 1: Abstract discusses soil fertility, crop nutrition, and nutrient dynamics in agroecosystems in the Mediterranean region. Step 2: Abstract provides an overview of changes in land use and chemical inputs, including fertilizer use and awareness of micronutrients. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of soil management on greenhouse gas emissions and the need to respond to climate change. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives to explore the impact of agroecological practices on climate change, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "57.0 227 Step 1: Abstract discusses greenhouse gas emissions from improper disposal of agricultural wastes in corn production management. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of multi-objective optimization analysis on the environmental and economic impacts of agricultural production management, including the comparison of greener disposal methods. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "57.25 228 Step 1: Abstract explores the integration of mitigation and adaptation in climate forestry projects in Belize. Step 2: Abstract presents findings that existing forest carbon markets haven't incorporated adaptation concerns, and projects have had limited contributions to forest ecosystems' adaptation and local livelihoods. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "57.5 229 Step 1: Abstract investigates the environmental and economic performances of cooperative crop-livestock systems (CCLS) and decoupled specialized livestock systems (DSLS) in China. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on reduced net greenhouse gas emissions, reactive nitrogen emissions, phosphorus footprints, and cropland use, as well as higher net profits, in CCLS compared to DSLS. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (cooperation between specialized crop and livestock farms) on reducing environmental footprints and increasing net profits in livestock production, which aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "57.75 230 Step 1: Abstract compares the greenhouse gas balance and farm economics of hemp grown for bioenergy with other perennial and traditional annual bioenergy crops. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of hemp's intermediate GHG burden and net fuel chain GHG abatement potential compared to other crops. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential of hemp as a more efficient bioenergy feedstock and its potential to provide sustainable non-transport bioenergy supply chains. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (using hemp as a more sustainable bioenergy feedstock) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "58.0 231 Step 1: Abstract examines carbon stocks and biomass production in poplar-maize intercropping systems in arid regions of China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of significant differences in carbon stock and biomass production between different configurations. Step 3: Abstract focuses on the impact of agroforestry systems on carbon sequestration and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "58.25 232 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of tillage, cover crop residue incorporation, and soil macroporosity on soil respiration and residue decomposition rates in the context of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of conventional tillage, macropores, and cover crop residue incorporation on soil respiration and decomposition rates. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on carbon sequestration and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "58.5 233 Step 1: Abstract discusses the loss of diversity in modern agricultural landscapes and the need to reconnect nature and agriculture for sustainable food production. Step 2: Abstract proposes a reconnection process based on the principles of ecological intensification, particularly integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS). Step 3: Abstract presents evidence of ICLS's positive impact on soil health, biogeochemical cycle restoration, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on sustainable intensification and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "58.75 234 Step 1: Abstract examines the potential of small woody landscape features (SWFs) and agroforestry systems to sequester carbon and combat climate change in Germany. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the extent and carbon storage of SWFs in agricultural land, and the potential for agroforestry to offset agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "59.0 235 Step 1: Abstract discusses the benefits of agroforestry and soil and water conservation in combating Karst rocky desertification (KRD) in karst areas. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on ecological benefits of agroforestry, including carbon sequestration, soil fertility, conservation of soil and water, mitigation of soil pollution, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on improving the environment and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "59.25 236 Step 1: Abstract discusses the environmental impacts of transforming an oil palm intercropping system to a monocropping system in a tropical peatland. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of some changes in peat properties and CO2 emissions after conversion. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "59.5 237 Step 1: Abstract presents a synthesis of meta-analysis studies related to crop husbandry and soil management practices, including tillage, nutrient management, irrigation, pest management, and more. Step 2: Abstract highlights the positive effects of alternative practices on crop yield, soil quality, and environmental impacts. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives to explore the impact of agroecological practices on climate change and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "59.75 238 Step 1: Abstract discusses the use of process-based models to understand the benefits of Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems (ICLS) and their contribution to climate change. Step 2: Abstract presents findings from calibrating and validating the DayCent model for a typical ICLS in Brazil, with a focus on forage species. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "60.0 239 Step 1: Abstract discusses intercropping as a sustainable cropping system to improve agricultural resiliency and environmental sustainability. Step 2: Abstract highlights the negative impact of monoculture production on soil health, water and air quality, and sustainability. Step 3: Abstract presents benefits of intercropping, including efficient use of natural resources, increased biodiversity, and reduced consumption of off-farm inputs. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on improving sustainability and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "60.25 240 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of plastic film mulching (PM) on global warming in chemical and organic cropping systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on increased net global warming potential (GWP) with PM, influenced mostly by GHG fluxes and soil carbon stock changes. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "60.5 241 This abstract has already been presented and answered previously. Please refer to the previous answer for this. INCLUDE\n",
      "60.75 242 Step 1: Abstract discusses sustainable alternatives to reduce gaseous emissions from dairy slurry application to stubble-covered soil without incorporation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings from two experiments evaluating different strategies to reduce ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (acidification, irrigation, and placement under stubble) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "61.0 243 Step 1: Abstract discusses carbon emissions from smallholder pig production in China and identifies the contribution of vaccine application. Step 2: Abstract presents the study's findings on carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions from pig production. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential for reducing emissions through agroecological practices like mixed crop-livestock systems and organic fertilizers. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "61.25 244 Step 1: Abstract measures nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from cow urine and dung depositions in Kenyan pastures. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings of N2O and CH4 emissions and emission factors. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Although the abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices, it provides important data on livestock emissions in a tropical African context, which may be relevant to our review's objectives. Therefore, it could be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "61.5 245 Step 1: Abstract presents a life cycle assessment of Jatropha curcas-based synthetic paraffinic kerosene produced in a silvi-pastoral production system in central-west Brazil. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced environmental impacts including greenhouse gas emissions, ozone depleting chemicals, smog-forming pollutants, acidification, and use of nonrenewable energy with the use of coproducts from intercropping and detoxifying seedcake. Step 3: Abstract doesn't explicitly discuss agroecological practices' impact on climate change, but it does present findings related to reducing environmental impacts of biofuel production. Step 4: Abstract could be included based on its relevance to the broader topic of reducing environmental INCLUDE\n",
      "61.75 246 Step 1: Abstract discusses the vulnerability of crop-livestock production systems in sub-Saharan Africa to climate change. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of using simulation models to assess how improved livestock management options affect productivity, food security, and greenhouse gas emissions in rural Tanzania. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "62.0 247 Step 1: Abstract models N2O flux from grain agroecosystems using field observations and Monte Carlo sampling. Step 2: Abstract presents seasonal and annual N2O flux estimates and compares them to mechanistic model outcomes. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily assess the impact of agroecological practices on emissions or climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "62.25 248 Step 1: Abstract explores the benefits of combining organic and mineral fertilizers in improving maize yield and reducing environmental impacts. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased maize yield and decreased environmental risks with the organic and mineral fertilizer combination. Step 3: Abstract highlights the positive impact of agroecological practices (organic and mineral fertilizer combination) on soil fertility and environmental sustainability. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "62.5 249 Step 1: Abstract discusses the environmental problems caused by modern industrial agriculture and the emergence of agroecology and permaculture as responses. Step 2: Abstract presents the review of the scientific literature to evaluate permaculture design principles proposed by David Holmgren. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological and permaculture practices on reducing environmental problems caused by modern industrial agriculture, which aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "62.75 250 Step 1: Abstract examines carbon accumulation and age thinning technique in agroforestry systems (AFS) in Brazil. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on carbon growth and timber volume prediction using mathematical models. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily discuss agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "63.0 251 Step 1: Abstract analyzes scientific practices and governance in US biofuel production and their impact on carbon economies. Step 2: Abstract does not primarily address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 3: Abstract focuses on the role of state, private industry, and civil society in scientific practice and governance. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "63.25 252 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential of agroecosystems to contribute to climate change mitigation through soil carbon sequestration. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of soil carbon stocks for achieving Land Degradation Neutrality, Sustainable Development Goals, and nationally determined contributions. Step 3: Abstract presents agricultural practices for enhancing soil carbon stocks and mentions climate-smart agriculture, carbon farming, and the soil security framework. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "63.5 253 Step 1: Abstract investigates methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in cork oak woodlands and the impact of tree cover loss on these processes. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the correlation between tree cover and nitrous oxide emissions and the abundance of microorganisms involved in methane and nitrous oxide consumption. Step 3: Abstract addresses the impact of agroecological practices (tree cover) on greenhouse gas emissions and microbial processes. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "63.75 254 Step 1: Abstract discusses the importance of selecting appropriate allometric models to estimate forest biomass stocks in Indonesia for accurate assessments of forest carbon stocks and implementing REDD+ projects. Step 2: Abstract presents findings from a comparison of regional and generic allometric models in estimating tree and plot biomass. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "64.0 255 Step 1: Abstract discusses carbon loss in tropical forests and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of gross aboveground carbon loss in natural and managed tropical forests from 2000 to 2012 and its contribution to global CO2 emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "64.25 256 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need to increase food production without expanding cropping areas and causing environmental damage. Step 2: Abstract proposes strategies for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the agriculture, dairy, and fishery sectors. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and proposes policy solutions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "64.5 257 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the environmental performance of corn grain and corn stover in the US Corn Belt, with a focus on tillage practices and stover removal for cellulosic ethanol production. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the impacts of stover removal on soil organic carbon dynamics and nitrogen-related emissions, as well as the benefits of no-tillage and cover crops. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and improving environmental performance. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "64.75 258 Step 1: Abstract evaluates carbon storage in agroforestry systems in Colombia's Eastern Plains. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of significant differences in carbon storage among land uses and identifies the botanical families with the greatest storage. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential for carbon storage in important productive systems and the importance of designing strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the local economy. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (agroforestry systems) on carbon storage and climate change mitigation, aligning with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "65.0 259 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSA-practices) on food security in Tanzania's Southern Highlands. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the determinants of CSA-practice usage and the impact of different combinations of practices on food security. Step 3: Abstract highlights the benefits of combining CSA-practices to achieve better food security. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (CSA-practices) on food security and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "65.25 260 Step 1: Abstract discusses the policy enabling environment for climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and its implementation in California. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the challenges of balancing multiple objectives in implementing CSA policies and the importance of cross-sectoral collaboration. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "65.5 261 Step 1: Abstract discusses greenhouse gas emissions from drained peat soils in European countries. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the socioeconomic and ecological business environments that policy makers, planners, and farmers face in developing low emission land use alternatives on peat land. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "65.75 262 Step 1: Abstract assesses the potential of an incentive-based program to stimulate small farmers and communities to adopt biomass accumulating measures such as agroforestry or improved forest management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the carbon sequestration potential of alternative techniques. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "66.0 263 Step 1: Abstract examines the use of the EM-DEA and EX-ACT approaches to assess resource use efficiency, sustainability, and carbon footprint of smallholder maize production practices in sub-Saharan Africa. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the relationship between urea application intensity, yield, emergy, GHG emissions, and carbon footprint. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on resource use efficiency, sustainability, and emissions in small-scale maize systems in sub-Saharan Africa, which aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "66.25 264 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the effect of biochar sources and inclusion levels on rumen fermentation parameters and methane (CH4) production in vitro. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased CH4 production and yield with biochar supplementation but decreased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and H-2 generated and consumed. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change but discusses feed supplements' potential role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the livestock sector. Step 4: Abstract's indirect link to agroecological practices and potential impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions align with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "66.5 265 Step 1: Abstract explores the potential of combining organic farming and biomass energy production to address the food-energy-climate nexus. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of agronomic effects and potential benefits of farm biogas production. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and increasing productivity. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "66.75 266 Step 1: Abstract discusses the environmental effects of whole-plant corn harvest strategies for bioethanol production, including nonrenewable energy efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity, and soil organic C (SOC) changes. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased energy efficiency and reduced GHG emissions with whole-plant harvest, but potential SOC loss. Step 3: Abstract highlights the use of life cycle analysis (LCA) models and a Daycent ecosystem model. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (whole-plant corn harvest) on emissions and soil organic C and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "Thinking...\n",
      "67.0 267 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of integrated nutrient management on N2O and NO emissions in water-saving ground cover rice production systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of significantly reduced N2O and NO emissions in GCRPS with integrated nutrient management compared to conventional rice cultivation and GCRPS with urea alone. Step 3: Abstract discusses the eco-friendly benefits of integrated nutrient management in optimizing crop yields and reducing emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (integrated nutrient management) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "67.25 268 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of different straw-return methods on emissions and soil carbon sequestration in a rice-wheat rotation in China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased CH4 emissions but decreased N2O emissions with straw-return methods and biochar application. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential for environmentally beneficial effects of straw-return with the application of microbial inoculants or biochar. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "67.5 269 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of a leguminous perennial kura clover living mulch on N2O emissions in a corn-soybean system. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of greater N2O emissions from the KC treatment despite receiving less inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, and a seasonal tradeoff observed with the KC treatment. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential efficacy of KC for mitigating N2O loss and reducing nitrate leaching losses. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of an agroecological practice (kura clover living mulch) on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "67.75 270 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need for effective strategies for smallholder farmers to adapt to climate change. Step 2: Abstract uses a political ecology approach to examine knowledge dynamics and sources of information for agroecological methods in Malawi. Step 3: Abstract doesn't present findings on the impact of agroecological practices on climate change mitigation. Step 4: Abstract doesn't directly address the review's objectives, so it should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "68.0 271 Step 1: Abstract reviews the potential of conservation tillage in sequestering carbon and mitigating greenhouse effects. Step 2: Abstract highlights the benefits of no-till practice as an eco-friendly method. Step 3: Abstract directly discusses the impact of agroecological practices on carbon sequestration and mitigating climate change. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "68.25 272 Step 1: Abstract discusses the reduction of greenhouse gases using agroforestry biomass, particularly poplar short-rotation coppice (SRC) woody biomass. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of different cutting shifts and biomass collection systems. Step 3: Abstract evaluates the environmental impact and compares the results with those of a diesel boiler. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (poplar SRC woody biomass) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "68.5 273 Step 1: Abstract discusses impact of organic fertilizers and rice varieties on rice yield and methane emissions in nutrient-poor irrigated rice fields in Indonesia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher yields and lower methane emissions with certain rice varieties and organic fertilizers. Step 3: Abstract highlights the feasibility of farming in nutrient-poor rice fields and the need for more research on organic rice. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "68.75 274 Step 1: Abstract presents energy balance comparisons of organic and conventional farming in Denmark and Germany. Step 2: Abstract discusses the impact of organic farming on fossil energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract touches on differences in production, quality, and price between organic and conventional products. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "69.0 275 Step 1: Abstract determines the carbon footprint of mechanized fruit production in Slovenia. Step 2: Abstract analyzes the carbon footprint in conventional, integrated, and organic fruit production for different orchard sizes and fruit types. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "69.25 276 Step 1: Abstract discusses algae-based sewage treatment's potential for water and nutrient recovery, greenhouse gas sequestration, and biomass generation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of an elaborated algae-to-energy sewage treatment system in southern Africa. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "69.5 277 Step 1: Abstract explores carbon stock under different land uses in Hades sub-watershed, Ethiopia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of varying organic carbon stock levels and the importance of assessing watershed-level carbon stock for land use decision-making. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address the impact of agroecological practices on carbon stock or emissions. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "69.75 278 Step 1: Abstract studies the effect of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) as green manure on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in monocropped rice fields in China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced N2O emissions with CMV as green manure, as well as improved soil quality and reduced greenhouse gas intensity. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (use of CMV as green manure) on reducing emissions and improving soil quality, aligning with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "70.0 279 Step 1: Abstract discusses the adverse impact of greenhouse gas accumulation on meteorological parameters, particularly temperature, and its effects on water availability and food security. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a significant rising trend in mean monthly maximum and minimum air temperatures for the Maloti-Drakensberg region. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "70.25 280 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of global warming on evapotranspiration (ET) in India. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of a decreasing trend in grass reference ET (ETo) in India due to changes in meteorological variables. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "70.5 281 Step 1: Abstract discusses a new database on nitrogen management in Chinese rice farming. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of average nitrogen application rates and regionally optimal nitrogen rates. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of nitrogen management on yield and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "70.75 282 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of cover crops on direct emissions of N2O, CO2, and CH4 in Mediterranean arable systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased N2O and CO2 emissions with vetch and barley cover crops. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "71.0 283 Step 1: Abstract discusses the expansion of organic agriculture worldwide, with a focus on horticultural crops. Step 2: Abstract mentions the potential of organic farming to address resource conservation, food security, and farm income issues. Step 3: Abstract doesn't explicitly address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract is not directly related to the review's objectives, so it should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "71.25 284 Step 1: Abstract discusses the relationship between magmatic events and mass extinctions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the presence of methane in basaltic magmas and the massive fluxing of methane from magma-sediment interaction. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "71.5 285 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the environmental performance of a maize-soybean system with different winter cover crops in the U.S. upper Midwest. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of lower eutrophication potential and soil erosion with cover crops, and mixed results for soil organic carbon variation. Step 3: Abstract highlights the negative performance of sequences including camelina and pennycress in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient and soil losses when expressed in $ net margin. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (using winter cover crops) on reducing environmental impacts, but the focus is primarily on economic trade-offs rather than the impact on climate change. Therefore, it could be EXCLUDED or INCLUDED depending on the INCLUDE\n",
      "71.75 286 Step 1: Abstract discusses surface seeding (SS) of wheat as a sustainable alternative to conventional tillage-based agriculture in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the impact of SS on wheat yield, soil properties, and the environment. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential benefits of SS, including increased productivity and profitability, reduced water and energy input, and enhanced soil health. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "72.0 287 Step 1: Abstract discusses GHG emissions associated with irrigated agriculture and the limitations of using fixed energy transformation rates. Step 2: Abstract presents a new decision support system that computes a dynamic and realistic energy transformation rate for accurate carbon footprint determination. Step 3: Abstract does not primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "72.25 288 Step 1: Abstract discusses the philosophy and principles of agroecology and its relationship with soil health and greenhouse gas mitigation. Step 2: Abstract mentions the potential of soil restoration to mitigate climate change. Step 3: Abstract presents research findings to support the biological concept of soil and its positive impact on soil fertility. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and soil health, aligning with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "72.5 289 Step 1: Abstract assesses the carbon footprint of mechanized vineyard production in Slovenia, comparing conventional, integrated, and organic production. Step 2: Abstract primarily focuses on emissions from diesel fuel and fertilizer use in vineyard production. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change, but rather compares different production methods' carbon footprints. Step 4: Abstract could be relevant to the review's context, but it doesn't provide sufficient information on agroecological practices' impact on emissions. Therefore, it should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "72.75 290 Step 1: Abstract discusses carbon sequestration potential and driving factors in cropland and paddy soils in China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on current sequestration rates and potential for carbon sequestration in paddy fields. Step 3: Abstract discusses agroecological practices' impact on soil carbon sequestration and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and increasing carbon sequestration, and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "73.0 291 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the effect of long-term tillage systems on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions under a rainfed vetch crop. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of different N2O flux patterns among tillage systems and higher annual N2O losses in minimum tillage (MT) compared to no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential of long-term no-tillage to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rainfed legume-cereal rotation. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "73.25 292 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the GHG mitigation potential of selected measures on organic farms in Switzerland. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on the potential of technical and agronomic measures to reduce GHG emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (such as conversion to full-grazing systems and composting livestock manure) on reducing emissions in organic milk production. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "73.5 293 Step 1: Abstract explores the potential of agroforestry to control erosion, increase productivity, and mitigate climate change in ravine lands of Western India. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on the impact of agroforestry on soil erosion, runoff, productivity, profitability, and carbon sequestration. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (agroforestry) on reducing erosion, increasing productivity and profitability, and mitigating climate change. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "73.75 294 Step 1: Abstract investigates the relationships between soil structure, microbiome, and ecosystem functioning in agroecosystems. Step 2: Abstract discusses the impact of management strategies on these connections. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on the soil microbiome and ecosystem functioning. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "74.0 295 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of adding winter wheat to a corn-soybean rotation on plant biomass, yield, and soil health indicators. Step 2: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 3: Abstract doesn't align with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "74.25 296 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need for a new cultural attitude towards sustainable agriculture and the role of agriculture scientists in promoting sustainability. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of transdisciplinarity in agriculture theory and practice and the role of agroecology in promoting sustainability. Step 3: Abstract presents the four pillars of agroecological epistemology and how they allow for understanding and managing agriculture as a process. The abstract also discusses the evolution of agroecology research and applications towards sustainability, including the importance of biodiversity and the paradoxical contrast between economic and ecological outcomes. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on promoting sustainability and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should EXCLUDE\n",
      "74.5 297 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of long-term organic and conventional management on soil microbiomes in a grain production setting. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of significant impacts on the abundance of certain taxa and functional genes related to greenhouse gas production and consumption. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring the impact of agroecological practices on soil health and climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "74.75 298 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the effects of organic amendment (OA) application on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, crop yields, and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB) in an infertile sandy soil. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased SOC content and SOC stock with OA application, as well as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and global warming potential. Step 3: Abstract discusses the economic benefits and cost-effectiveness of OA application. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (OA application) on enhancing soil carbon sequestration and economic benefits, which aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "75.0 299 Step 1: Abstract discusses the use of miscanthus cultivation in water protection areas in Germany to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and nitrate leaching. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the economic and environmental impacts of miscanthus cultivation at regional and sub-regional levels. Step 3: Abstract highlights the need for flexible promotion schemes and policies to address the heterogeneity of arable land. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (miscanthus cultivation) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "75.25 300 Step 1: Abstract discusses sustainability assessment of biogas production and use in Italy, with a focus on the environmental dimension of sustainability. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on strengths and weaknesses of the biogas value chain in Italy and identifies differences between geographic areas. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of biogas production and use on the environment and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "75.5 301 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of nitrogen fertilization and cover crop on soil carbon-nitrogen stocks and sugarcane yields. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of cover crop's positive impact on soil nitrogen storage, microbial biomass carbon, and sugarcane yield. Step 3: Abstract discusses potential for reducing synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use and associated greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (cover crop) on reducing nitrogen fertilizer use and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "75.75 302 Step 1: Abstract discusses economic benefit, energy budget, and carbon footprint of a wheat-maize system under different planting strategies in dry semi-humid areas of China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher yields and net returns under ridge-furrows with plastic film mulching (RP) compared to control. Step 3: Abstract highlights the RP as an effective substitution for well-irrigated planting strategy for sustained agricultural development. Step 4: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change and should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "76.0 303 Step 1: Abstract discusses pro-biodiversity enterprises and organic farming in the Philippines under Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA). Step 2: Abstract highlights the role of edu-tourism in supporting community-based pro-biodiversity agri-entrepreneurs and promoting harmonization with nature. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "76.25 304 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of cover crop residue addition on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, specifically N2O and CO2, in response to wetting-drying intensities. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher CO2 emissions with cover crop residue addition, and nuanced impacts on N2O emissions depending on residue type and wetting-drying intensity. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of cover crop residue addition on GHG emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "76.5 305 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of organic fertilization treatments on denitrifying communities and N2O emissions in a semi-arid environment. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased abundance and diversity of denitrifiers and modified community structure with organic fertilization treatments. Step 3: Abstract highlights the ecological significance of denitrifying communities in mediating denitrification potentials and their stimulatory impact on nitrogen dynamics. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "76.75 306 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential for paludiculture as a management option for degraded peatlands in Indonesia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of existing agricultural practices on peatlands in Jambi and Central Kalimantan provinces and their benefits for human livelihoods. Step 3: Abstract argues that current farming practices in these locations should not be described as paludiculture due to inadequate hydrology management. Step 4: Abstract doesn't primarily address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change and should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "77.0 307 Step 1: Abstract investigates the effects of cover crop treatments on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in rice paddy soil during fallow season. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on increased methane (CH4) emissions and decreased N2O emissions with cover crop application during rice cultivation. Step 3: Abstract discusses the importance of considering N2O emissions in calculating total global warming potential (GWP) and the impact of cover crop application on soil aggregates' N2O emission potentials. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "77.25 308 Step 1: Abstract examines soil CO2 fluxes under different hedgerow pruning management practices in a Vetiver-wheat intercropping system in subtropical China. Step 2: Abstract provides findings on seasonal dynamics of soil CO2 fluxes and significant differences among pruning management practices. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address the impact of agroecological practices on greenhouse gas emissions or climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "77.5 309 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential of no-till farming systems, specifically in rice-wheat rotations, in South Asian countries. Step 2: Abstract presents benefits of no-till systems, including soil organic carbon sequestration and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract highlights barriers to adoption and the need for stronger diffusion. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (no-till farming) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "77.75 310 Step 1: Abstract discusses how the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) can contribute to climate-smart agriculture. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the potential of SRI methods to make rice plants more robust, adaptive, and productive, as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddies. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring the impact of agroecological practices on climate change and provides evidence for the potential of SRI methods to contribute to climate-smart agriculture. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "78.0 311 Step 1: Abstract discusses major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years. Step 2: Abstract analyzes the impact of deforestation of Indonesian peatlands on greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "78.25 312 Step 1: Abstract discusses the link between plant diversity in livestock diets and the health of livestock, humans, and the environment. Step 2: Abstract presents the hypothesis that phytochemical richness in herbivore diets enhances biochemical richness of meat and dairy, which is linked to human and environmental health. Step 3: Abstract highlights the negative effects of highly processed diets and the potential for regenerative agriculture to mitigate climate change. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (regenerative agriculture and diverse livestock diets) on human and environmental health and climate change, which aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "78.5 313 Step 1: Abstract presents a proposal for a circular economy approach to industrial production of Tenebrio molitor as food. Step 2: Abstract discusses the potential of edible insects as a sustainable protein source. Step 3: Abstract highlights the use of agroecological practices in minimizing waste and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing waste and emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "78.75 314 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of climate change on maize productivity in Uganda and the effectiveness of climate smart agriculture (CSA) practices as a strategy for alleviation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of improved maize productivity and water use efficiency with mulching and other CSA practices, even under future climate scenarios. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (CSA) on climate change adaptation and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "79.0 315 Step 1: Abstract investigates the relationship between coffee biophysical properties and leaf area index (LAI) and above ground biomass (AGB) in two coffee production systems. Step 2: Abstract proposes an empirical relationship for calculating coffee AGB and coffee LAI using simple field measurements and agrometeorological data. Step 3: Abstract discusses the potential of both coffee production systems to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through carbon storage. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on carbon storage and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "79.25 316 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of tillage-cum-live mulching on agronomic productivity, energy use efficiency, water productivity, and greenhouse gas emissions in a maize-maize-mustard cropping sequence. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased land productivity, energy productivity, and water productivity under reduced tillage-live mulch. It also highlights the potential of cowpea live mulch to enhance carbon sequestration and offset CO2 emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (tillage-cum-live mulching) on reducing emissions and improving resource use efficiency, which aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "79.5 317 Step 1: Abstract discusses the use of biofuels, specifically fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO), in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the maritime transportation sector. Step 2: Abstract presents the benefits and potential drawbacks of using biofuels, as well as solutions to make them compatible with current engines. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "79.75 318 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need for collaboration between subnational governments, indigenous peoples, and local communities to mitigate climate change and protect forests. Step 2: Abstract presents the Guiding Principles for Collaboration, a set of 13 tenets for joint action in climate change mitigation to protect the rights and livelihoods of indigenous peoples and local communities. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecology's impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "80.0 319 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of different slurry application methods on the survival of faecal indicator organisms (FIOs) in grassland plots. Step 2: Abstract discusses the potential environmental impact of slurry application on FIO persistence and subsequent transfer to water. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "80.25 320 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices on cotton production and livelihood of farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the adoption of different CSA practices by cotton farmers and their impact on yield and financial performance. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (CSA) on climate change mitigation and adaptation, aligning with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "80.5 321 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of climate change on dryland wheat-based cropping systems in the US Pacific Northwest. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of projected changes in precipitation, temperature, and atmospheric CO2 concentration and the use of a simulation model to assess crop yield. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "80.75 322 Step 1: Abstract discusses potential trade-offs between Rwanda's long-term development strategy (Vision 2050) and biodiversity, forest cover, and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents scenario analysis results that explore potential sustainability implications by 2050. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential for integrated land-use planning and adoption of agroecological farming practices to help Rwanda achieve its goals. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "81.0 323 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential of using serendipitoid fungi to manage soil carbon and emissions in low-input agriculture. Step 2: Abstract presents the hypothesis that these fungi can decompose organic matter in a way that is efficient and sustainable, potentially limiting greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on carbon management and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "81.25 324 Step 1: Abstract discusses the biostimulatory activity of a side-product from LABs fermentation on plant growth and rhizosphere microbial composition in greenhouse lettuce and tomatoes. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of enhanced plant growth and yield, delayed fruit ripening, and enrichment of plant-growth-promoting microbes with the application of the eluate. Step 3: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of exploring agroecological practices' impact on plant growth and microbial communities. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "81.5 325 Step 1: Abstract explores soil carbon accumulation in crop-livestock systems in acid soil savannas of South America. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the impact of different management practices on soil organic carbon accumulation. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "81.75 326 Step 1: Abstract discusses mulberry planting on marginal lands in China for biomass energy production and cocoon production. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of high biomass yield from mulberry pruning and potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "82.0 327 Step 1: Abstract discusses transformative adaptations in mixed crop-livestock farming systems to address climate change. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effectiveness of different adaptation options using biophysical models within an economic and environmental framework. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on climate change adaptation and highlights challenges related to environmental sustainability and emissions control. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "82.25 328 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the farm management and economic effects of widespread adoption of organic milk production in the Mostviertel-Eisenwurzen region of Austria. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of differences in marginal income and external costs between conventional and organic milk production based on Linear Programming models. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "82.5 329 Step 1: Abstract evaluates tree diversity and above-ground biomass (AGB) carbon stock in homegardens in Sri Lanka. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the potential of homegardens in storing atmospheric carbon as AGB and mitigating impacts of climate change. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (homegardens) on carbon storage and reduction of greenhouse gas accumulation, aligning with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "82.75 330 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of cropping systems on wheat yields, nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrous oxide emission. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of cropping sequences, tillage methods, and fertilizer sources on grain and protein yields, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, and N2O emissions. Step 3: Abstract primarily focuses on the impact of agroecological practices on crop yields and environmental outcomes. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED in the literature review. INCLUDE\n",
      "83.0 331 Step 1: Abstract discusses quantification of greenhouse gas emissions in smallholder farms in developing countries using existing tools and methodologies. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the impact of adopting sustainable land management practices on emission reduction and removals. Step 3: Abstract primarily focuses on evaluating and comparing GHG quantification tools and their accuracy. Step 4: While the abstract discusses the impact of adopting sustainable land management practices, it does not directly address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Therefore, the abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "83.25 332 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of biochar and Calamagrostis angustifolia on N2O emissions in agricultural ditches. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the reduction of N2O emissions with biochar application and C. angustifolia planting. Step 3: Abstract discusses the sources and production pathways of N2O emissions and the potential for biochar and C. angustifolia to mitigate emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (biochar and C. angustifolia planting) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "83.5 333 Step 1: Abstract describes conservation agriculture (CA) as a sustainable agricultural management strategy with potential climate change mitigation and adaptation benefits. Step 2: Abstract presents an approach to downscale national-level estimates of CA distribution to a regular grid, providing estimates of current and potential future CA implementation. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (CA) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "83.75 334 Step 1: Abstract discusses the negative environmental impacts of agriculture intensification and the need for sustainable soil management. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of learning from past mistakes and using technology wisely. Step 3: Abstract doesn't present specific research findings related to agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract is more of an opinion/editorial piece rather than a research article, and it doesn't align with the review's objectives, so it should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "84.0 335 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of land-use strategies on carbon storage in agricultural landscapes across three continents. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the potential impact of different approaches on aboveground carbon stocks. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on climate change and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "84.25 336 Step 1: Abstract examines the use of algae in animal nutrition, including its impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents various benefits of using algae in animal feed, including improved milk production and quality, immune function, and enhanced muscle tissue. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly focus on the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "84.5 337 Step 1: Abstract discusses the relationship between soil structural quality (Sq) and macrofauna communities in different land use systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of correlations between macrofauna and Sq, highlighting the potential for biological indicators to assess soil health. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on soil health and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "84.75 338 Step 1: Abstract discusses the challenges of sustainable intensification using a winter camelina relay cropping system. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on nitrate losses in drainage, nitrous oxide emissions, and crop yields. Step 3: Abstract highlights the need for careful evaluation and optimization of sustainable intensification systems. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practice's impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "85.0 339 Step 1: Abstract discusses the design and development of an in-row weeding robot for slurry paddy fields. Step 2: Abstract doesn't address agroecological practices' impact on climate change or emissions. Step 3: Abstract focuses on technology and engineering design, rather than climate change mitigation or sustainability in agriculture. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "85.25 340 Step 1: Abstract investigates the carbon and phosphorus footprint of cotton production in Xinjiang, China, and compares it to an alternative fibre (Apocynum) from Central Asia. Step 2: Abstract discusses the impact of agriculture on greenhouse gas emissions and non-renewable resource consumption. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "85.5 341 Step 1: Abstract discusses the long-term (1500 years) evolution of trophic functioning of the benthic food web in three different lakes. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the dependence of the benthic food web on methane-derived carbon and the potential collapse in the transfer of methane to top consumers due to human land use changes. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "85.75 342 Step 1: Abstract investigates the temporal variability of CO2 emissions in Brazilian agroecosystems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the correlation between solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and atmospheric CO2 in sugarcane and cropland areas. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "86.0 343 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of nitrogen management on carbon sequestration in North American cropland soils. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on recommended management practices that optimize nitrogen availability for humus formation and carbon sequestration. Step 3: Abstract highlights the importance of agroecological practices (e.g., reducing or eliminating tillage, increasing crop intensity, using cover crops) for increasing nitrogen availability and fostering carbon sequestration. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on carbon sequestration and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "86.25 344 Step 1: Abstract evaluates GHG emissions in coffee supply chains under different management systems, input levels, and shade types. Step 2: Abstract presents carbon footprint results and identifies input levels as the main cause of variation in emissions. Step 3: Abstract discusses the need for accurate emission factors and site-specific studies to develop effective climate change mitigation strategies. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic management systems) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "86.5 345 Step 1: Abstract examines profitability of organic and conventional soybean production in relation to carbon offset programs and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on differences in profitability and carbon sequestration potential between organic and conventional production methods. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of agroecological practices (organic farming) on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "86.75 346 Step 1: Abstract provides an overview of nutrient management of silage maize cropping systems in the Netherlands and the effects of environmental policies on nutrient inputs and losses. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on reduced nutrient losses and improved nutrient balances in silage maize cropping systems. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "87.0 347 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential impact of second-generation biofuel landscapes on at-risk species in the US. Step 2: Abstract presents a framework for projecting the spatial pattern of biofuel expansion and intersecting predictions with occurrence data for at-risk species. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of biofuel production on biodiversity and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "87.25 348 Step 1: Abstract investigates the compatibility of climate-friendly cocoa production methods with increased inputs and yields in Brazil. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the relationship between yield, carbon stocks, and carbon footprint in cocoa agroforests. Step 3: Abstract discusses the positive response of cocoa yields to increased fertilizer applications and the potential for climate-friendly intensification of tree crops. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (climate-friendly cocoa production) on increasing productivity and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "87.5 349 Step 1: Abstract explores the effects of anaerobically digested cattle slurry and plant materials on soil microbial community and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract discusses concerns of organic farmers regarding the impact of digestates on soil microbiota and fertility. Step 3: Abstract presents findings on increased soil concentration of NO3-, increased microbial biomass, and increased emissions of CO2 and N2O with grass-clover treatment. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (anaerobic digestion and digestate application) on soil microbial community and greenhouse gas emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "87.75 350 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential for soil organic carbon sequestration in orchard and horticulture systems in the Spanish Mediterranean coastal area. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of modeling exercises on the impact of different practices on increasing soil organic carbon, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and mitigating climate change. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (e.g., cover cropping, application of exogenous organic matter) on reducing emissions and increasing soil organic carbon to mitigate climate change. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "88.0 351 Step 1: Abstract discusses the production of bio-natural gas (BNG) from corn straw in China and its potential benefits. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, economic analysis, and operation management models, including the Nongbaomu and Mutual Offsetting in Kind business models. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "88.25 352 Step 1: Abstract discusses the trend towards larger and more concentrated animal feeding operations in the US and Canada and the challenges of managing manure. Step 2: Abstract presents case studies from different regions as learning opportunities to improve economic and environmental sustainability. Step 3: Abstract focuses on the challenges of livestock production and manure management, but does not discuss the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "88.5 353 The abstract is just a preface and doesn't provide any information regarding the content of the literature review. Therefore, it cannot be determined if the abstract should be included or excluded in our literature review. EXCLUDE\n",
      "88.75 354 Step 1: Abstract compares the effects of two organic farming systems on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, soil carbon sequestration, net global warming potential (GWP), and nitrate leaching. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased CH4 uptake and soil carbon content with no-tillage and weed cover mulching. Step 3: Abstract highlights significant reductions in net GWP and nitrate leaching with no-tillage and weed cover mulching. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (no-tillage with weed cover mulching) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "89.0 355 Step 1: Abstract discusses the consideration of multifunctionality of dairy cattle in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Andean dairy systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the varying impacts of different methodological approaches to LCA on environmental impacts. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "89.25 356 Step 1: Abstract discusses impacts of climate variability and climate-smart agricultural practices on crop production in a specific region of Ethiopia. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of climate variability on crop production and the positive impacts of climate-smart agricultural practices. Step 3: Abstract focuses on the impact of agroecological practices (climate-smart agriculture) on crop production and aligns with the review's objectives. Step 4: Abstract should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "89.5 357 Step 1: Abstract discusses soil functional zone management as a novel agroecological strategy for managing soil nitrogen cycling. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased N availability in crop rows under zonal management compared to conventional tillage. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on increasing crop N-use efficiency and reducing negative environmental impacts. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives and should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "89.75 358 Step 1: Abstract discusses intercropping switchgrass with alfalfa to improve biomass yield and quality. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased total annual yield and higher crude protein content with intercropping, but lower switchgrass yield. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential environmental benefits of grass-legume intercropping. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on improving yield and quality while potentially reducing environmental risks, aligning with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "90.0 359 Step 1: Abstract investigates relationships between N2O emissions and C and N balances of arable cropping systems under different management. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of N2O emissions being correlated with N input in residues from previous crops and catch crops, suggesting degradable carbon as a driver for emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily discuss the impact of agroecological practices on emissions. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "90.25 360 Step 1: Abstract investigates the effect of nitrogen fertilizers, soil moisture, and temperature on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and maize yield in Ghana. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of N fertilizer types and quantities affecting N2O emissions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "90.5 361 Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of tillage systems and land-covers on N2O and CH4 emissions in a low N input agricultural system under a Mediterranean agroecosystem. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of no significant differences in cumulative N2O emissions among tillage systems and land-covers. Step 3: Abstract suggests that the impact of tillage on GHG is low in coarse-textured soil and fallow cycle within a crop rotation is not useful for reducing GHG emissions. Step 4: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 5: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "90.75 362 Step 1: Abstract compares mineralization rates of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (SON) in different arable cropping systems. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of similar specific rates of mineralization in all cropping systems, both in disturbed and undisturbed soil samples. Step 3: Abstract discusses the drivers of SOC storage, including increased biomass returns to soil and changes in microbial physiology. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of different agroecological practices (conventional, low input, conservation agriculture, and organic) on mineralization rates and SOC storage, aligning with the review's objectives. Therefore, it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "91.0 363 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of land use change and soil management on ecosystem services in an acid soil region of Colombia's Eastern High Plains. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on indicator values for fertility, water regulation, macroinvertebrate diversity, greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon stock, for different production systems. Step 3: Abstract highlights the need to consider tradeoffs between commercial and environmental interests in agricultural development. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on ecosystem services and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "91.25 364 Step 1: Abstract discusses strategic tillage (ST) use in no-till (NT) farming systems to address emerging constraints. Step 2: Abstract presents issues with ST implementation, including soil properties, timing, and climate. Step 3: Abstract mentions impacts on soil health and environment as factors influencing ST adoption, but doesn't primarily focus on agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "91.5 365 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential of Miscanthus cultivation for biofuel feedstock and its multiple environmental services. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the monetary value of these environmental services provided by Miscanthus cultivation. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract focuses on the potential for monetizing environmental services and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "91.75 366 Step 1: Abstract discusses the need for interventions to improve flow circularity in agro-food systems and the use of innovative tools to understand co-benefits and trade-offs. Step 2: Abstract presents findings from applying an agent-based model to simulate scenarios of material flows and assess their degree of circularity and food production. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on circularity and trade-offs with food production. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "92.0 367 Step 1: Abstract discusses strategies for producing more rice with less water to address food security and declining water availability. Step 2: Abstract presents various water-saving rice production systems and new approaches being explored. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of these approaches on soil and greenhouse gas emissions and the need for effective natural resource management interventions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing water demand and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "92.25 368 Step 1: Abstract introduces conservation agriculture (CA) and how it is a more sustainable cultivation system. Step 2: Abstract presents the benefits of CA in improving soil properties, reducing costs, increasing yield, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (CA) on sustainable food production and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "92.5 369 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of intercropping and nitrogen applications on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in maize/soybean systems. Step 2: Abstract provides findings on AMF diversity, composition, and structure in different treatments. Step 3: Abstract primarily addresses the impact of nitrogen application on AMF rather than agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "92.75 370 Step 1: Abstract describes the creation of an inventory of shelterbelts in Saskatchewan and their potential as a carbon reserve. Step 2: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 3: Abstract may indirectly inform climate change mitigation strategies. Step 4: Abstract is not directly related to the review's objectives, so it should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "93.0 371 Step 1: Abstract discusses financial mechanisms to increase adoption of beneficial farming practices in the Midwest to reduce nutrient runoff and improve soil fertility. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the potential reduction of nitrate flows and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the deployment of these financial mechanisms. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "93.25 372 Step 1: Abstract discusses experiences in implementing conservation agriculture and precision agriculture for sustainable agriculture in Andalusia, Spain. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the joint use of conservation agriculture and precision agriculture in capturing CO2 from the atmosphere and reducing emissions from the soil, resulting in energy savings. Step 3: Abstract highlights the contribution of these techniques to the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation of agriculture to climate change. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "93.5 373 Step 1: Abstract discusses the role of bioenergy in addressing climate change and the need for sustainable practices. Step 2: Abstract presents challenges and policy recommendations for scaling up sustainable bioenergy approaches. Step 3: Abstract addresses the impact of bioenergy on the environment and the need for appropriate policies to ensure environmental and social benefits. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives of examining the impact of agroecological practices on climate change and should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "93.75 374 Step 1: Abstract examines the effects of urea deep placement (UDP) on nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from rice fields in Bangladesh. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced N2O emissions with UDP compared to broadcast urea. Step 3: Abstract does not primarily address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "94.0 375 Step 1: Abstract examines soil respiration in rubber plantations and natural forests in China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of lower soil CO2 fluxes in rubber plantations during dry season, but no significant differences in net CO2 production at different soil depths. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly discuss the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "94.25 376 Step 1: Abstract discusses the case for soil and water conservation combined with waste recycling strategies in a healthcare environment in Abu Dhabi. Step 2: Abstract presents a case study on the feasibility of reusing effluent produced from onsite food waste processing for landscape irrigation. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "94.5 377 Step 1: Abstract discusses the potential of highly weathered soils under conservation agriculture to accumulate soil organic carbon (SOC). Step 2: Abstract presents findings of an incubation experiment assessing SOC flow, mineralization, and accumulation efficiency under different C-inputs and soil layers. Step 3: Abstract highlights the impact of nutrient scarcity on C accumulation and the potential of these soils to store SOC without reaching saturation. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (conservation agriculture) on soil carbon sequestration and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "94.75 378 Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of climate change on cotton production and the potential mitigation strategies. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effects of temperature and CO2 on cotton growth and yield, as well as the impact of climate change on national cotton production systems. Step 3: Abstract addresses the use of agroecological practices such as integrated nutrient management and in situ soil moisture conservation. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on reducing emissions and adapting to climate change, aligning with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "95.0 379 Step 1: Abstract discusses strategies to reduce environmental impacts of dairy farms in the Northeastern U.S. under present and future climate conditions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the impact of double cropping and subsurface manure application on crop yields, nutrient losses, greenhouse gas emissions, and production costs. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential of these strategies to mitigate environmental impacts and maintain production under future climate conditions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "95.25 380 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of biochar on soil aggregation and carbon sequestration. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effect of biochar combined with other soil amendments on aggregate size distribution and soil organic carbon content. Step 3: Abstract doesn't explicitly relate to the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "95.5 381 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the ability of no-till diverse cropping systems and bio-covers to mitigate carbon equivalent emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on carbon footprint, net carbon gain, and sustainability index of different crop sequences and bio-covers. Step 3: Abstract highlights the impact of agroecological practices (use of bio-covers) on reducing emissions and increasing sustainability. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "95.75 382 Step 1: Abstract discusses the effects of tillage practice and residue quality on trace gas emissions in an agroforestry system in western Kenya. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased emissions following tillage of certain residues and positive correlation with residue N content. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential reduction in global warming potential with no-tillage of surface-applied Tephrosia residues. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (no-tillage) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "96.0 383 Step 1: Abstract discusses carbon dioxide emissions and sequestration in agriculture. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on potential reductions in energy requirements and fossil fuel substitution through agricultural practices. Step 3: Abstract highlights limitations and potential environmental problems associated with these practices. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agricultural practices on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "96.25 384 Step 1: Abstract discusses the development of green economy in Russia and the legal aspects involved. Step 2: Abstract highlights the importance of economic, organizational, and legal measures to promote green economy, such as economic incentives, civil law contracts, and green economy standards. Step 3: Abstract doesn't present empirical findings related to the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "96.5 385 Step 1: Abstract discusses the implementation and benefits of conservation or no-tillage agriculture (CA or NT) in dry areas of Morocco. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of reduced soil erosion, greater soil water conservation, improved soil quality, and stable and higher crop yields with NT systems. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential for agriculture to contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through NT systems. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (NT and CA) on improving soil health and reducing emissions, as well as the challenges of adoption and scaling up. It aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "96.75 386 Step 1: Abstract investigates the effects of residue and tillage practices on soil CO2 and N2O emissions in continuous corn systems. Step 2: Abstract presents simulation results showing higher CO2 and N2O emissions in the no residue with conventional tillage treatment. Step 3: Abstract discusses the cumulative effects of residue and tillage practices on CO2 emissions and highlights the usefulness of the simulation tool. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "97.0 387 Step 1: Abstract studies the carbon footprint of agroforestry systems in Spain and their potential for carbon compensation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of different carbon footprint levels in various livestock production systems. Step 3: Abstract discusses the impact of extensive systems and grazing diets on emissions and soil sequestration. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (extensification and agroforestry) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "97.25 388 Step 1: Abstract discusses the effect of nitrogen fertilization and no-till duration on soil nitrogen supply and greenhouse gas emissions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of the impact of fertilizer-N rates on soil N availability and CO2 and N2O emissions in different management histories (native prairie, short-term and long-term no-till continuous-cropping systems). Step 3: Abstract highlights the importance of accounting for N2O emissions in assessing net global warming potential. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "97.5 389 Step 1: Abstract examines the effects of fertilizer practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in paddy soils in China. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased SOC and TN content with the use of chemical and organic fertilizers. Step 3: Abstract highlights the coupling relationship between SOC and TN and the potential of the region to serve as a carbon and nitrogen sink under current fertilizer practices. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (organic manure application) on soil carbon sequestration and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "97.75 390 Step 1: Abstract discusses the benefits of leucaena-grass pastures, including production, economic, social, and environmental benefits. Step 2: Abstract presents quantitative findings on liveweight gain, carrying capacity, animal production, and greenhouse gas mitigation. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (leucaena-grass pastures) on production and environmental outcomes. Step 4: Abstract aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "98.0 391 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of cover crops and partial soil drainage on CH4 and N2O emissions in irrigated rice cultivation. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on increased CH4 emissions with cover crop residues and higher N2O emissions with ryegrass+birdsfoot trefoil treatment. Step 3: Abstract calculates partial global warming potential (pGWP) and yield-scaled pGWP. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses agroecological practices' impact on emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "98.25 392 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the carbon balance and potential carbon debt of land conversion to Jatropha cultivation for biofuel production in arid and semi-arid areas. Step 2: Abstract discusses the environmental sustainability of biofuels and their impact on other sustainability dimensions. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "98.5 393 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions in willow clones in southern Ontario, Canada. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of increased soil-derived CO2 and N2O emissions following fertilizer application. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "98.75 394 Step 1: Abstract evaluates the impact of winter rye cover crops on crop production and environmental outcomes in the Midwestern United States under future climate change. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of neutral effect on crop yields but reduced yields due to increased temperatures, as well as reduced erosion and nitrous oxide emissions with cover crop use. Step 3: Abstract doesn't primarily address agroecological practices' impact on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "99.0 395 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of tillage practices and crop rotations on soil carbon status and temporal changes in topsoil. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher total carbon (TC) concentrations in no-till compared to conventional tillage, and higher concentrations in certain crop rotations with cover crops. Step 3: Abstract addresses the impact of agroecological practices (conservation tillage and cover crops) on soil fertility and sustainability. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices on soil carbon and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "99.25 396 Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of riparian buffer systems (RBSs) on carbon sequestration in southern Ontario, Canada. Step 2: Abstract presents findings of higher soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in mature buffers compared to adjacent agricultural fields, with deciduous trees having higher biomass C stocks than coniferous trees. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (RBSs) on carbon sequestration and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "99.5 397 Step 1: Abstract discusses the taungya system, an agroforestry practice involving intercropping crops with trees. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the effect of intercropping on the root system of Eucalyptus trees in commercial plantations. Step 3: Abstract doesn't directly address the impact of agroecological practices on climate change. Step 4: Abstract should be EXCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "99.75 398 Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of biochar (BC) application on methane consumption in a tropical vertisol. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on CH4 consumption rate and potential with different sizes of BC and organic amendments. Step 3: Abstract highlights the potential of BC to mitigate atmospheric CH4 emissions. Step 4: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (BC application) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. EXCLUDE\n",
      "100.0 399 Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of no-tillage practices on soil CO2 emissions from farming under different conditions. Step 2: Abstract presents findings on the most favorable conditions for reducing CO2 emissions with no-tillage. Step 3: Abstract directly addresses the impact of agroecological practices (no-tillage) on reducing emissions and aligns with the review's objectives, so it should be INCLUDED. INCLUDE\n",
      "Wall time: 25min 23s\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%time\n",
    "responses = []\n",
    "for i, ix in enumerate(test_sample.index):\n",
    "    t, a, label = test_sample.loc[ix][\"Article Title  Abstract (AB)  Final decision\".split(\"  \")]\n",
    "    o = chatgpt(system, template(t, a), temp=0.7, max_t=150)[\"choices\"][0][\"message\"][\"content\"]\n",
    "    o = o.replace(\"\\n\", \" \").strip()\n",
    "    responses.append([ix, o])\n",
    "    print(100*(i+1)/test_sample.shape[0], ix, o, label)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "7d993d80",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Unnamed: 0</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication Type</th>\n",
       "      <th>Authors</th>\n",
       "      <th>Article Title</th>\n",
       "      <th>Abstract (AB)</th>\n",
       "      <th>Publication Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>DOI</th>\n",
       "      <th>Researcher1</th>\n",
       "      <th>Researcher2</th>\n",
       "      <th>Researcher3</th>\n",
       "      <th>Final decision</th>\n",
       "      <th>Review studies</th>\n",
       "      <th>Duplicates</th>\n",
       "      <th>chatgpt</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>McGee, JA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Does certified organic farming reduce greenhou...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The increasing prevalence of ecologically sust...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1007/s10460-014-9543-1</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract examines the relationship bet...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>3</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>Chianese, DS; Rotz, CA; Richard, TL</td>\n",
       "      <td>SIMULATION OF NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM DAI...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Farming practices can have a large impact on t...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2009.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of farmi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>Lehuger, S; Gabrielle, B; Laville, P; Lamboni,...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Predicting and mitigating the net greenhouse g...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane are ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.002</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract discusses predicting and miti...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>27</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kahrl, F; Li, YJ; Su, YF; Tennigkeit, T; Wilke...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogen fertili...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2010.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.envsci.2010.07.006</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract focuses on greenhouse gas emi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>Schneider, UA; McCarl, BA</td>\n",
       "      <td>Economic potential of biomass based fuels for ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuel combust...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2003.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1023/A:1023632309097</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract discusses the economic potent...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>...</th>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>395</th>\n",
       "      <td>1988</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>Laamrani, A; Voroney, PR; Berg, AA; Gillespie,...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Temporal Change of Soil Carbon on a Long-Term ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The impacts of tillage practices and crop rota...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.3390/agronomy10060840</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of ti...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>396</th>\n",
       "      <td>1994</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>Vijayakumar, S; Bazrgar, AB; Coleman, B; Gordo...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Carbon stocks in riparian buffer systems at si...</td>\n",
       "      <td>In any given watershed, riparian buffer system...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2020.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.agee.2020.107149</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of ripari...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>397</th>\n",
       "      <td>1995</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>Edberg, S; Tigabu, M; Oden, PC</td>\n",
       "      <td>Commercial Eucalyptus Plantations with Taungya...</td>\n",
       "      <td>The increasing demand for wood, fiber, and pul...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.3390/f13091395</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract discusses the taungya system,...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>398</th>\n",
       "      <td>1997</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>Kollah, B; Dubey, G; Parasai, P; Saha, JK; Gan...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Interactive effect of biochar size and organic...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Biochar (BC) application to agricultural soil ...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2015.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1111/sum.12168</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>EXCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of bi...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>399</th>\n",
       "      <td>1998</td>\n",
       "      <td>J</td>\n",
       "      <td>Bregaglio, S; Mongiano, G; Ferrara, RM; Ginald...</td>\n",
       "      <td>Which are the most favourable conditions for r...</td>\n",
       "      <td>No-tillage practices have a recognised benefic...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2022.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.05.0032095-6339</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>INCLUDE</td>\n",
       "      <td>Review</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of no-til...</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "<p>400 rows × 14 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Unnamed: 0 Publication Type  \\\n",
       "0             1                J   \n",
       "1             3                J   \n",
       "2            21                J   \n",
       "3            27                J   \n",
       "4            31                J   \n",
       "..          ...              ...   \n",
       "395        1988                J   \n",
       "396        1994                J   \n",
       "397        1995                J   \n",
       "398        1997                J   \n",
       "399        1998                J   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               Authors  \\\n",
       "0                                            McGee, JA   \n",
       "1                  Chianese, DS; Rotz, CA; Richard, TL   \n",
       "2    Lehuger, S; Gabrielle, B; Laville, P; Lamboni,...   \n",
       "3    Kahrl, F; Li, YJ; Su, YF; Tennigkeit, T; Wilke...   \n",
       "4                            Schneider, UA; McCarl, BA   \n",
       "..                                                 ...   \n",
       "395  Laamrani, A; Voroney, PR; Berg, AA; Gillespie,...   \n",
       "396  Vijayakumar, S; Bazrgar, AB; Coleman, B; Gordo...   \n",
       "397                     Edberg, S; Tigabu, M; Oden, PC   \n",
       "398  Kollah, B; Dubey, G; Parasai, P; Saha, JK; Gan...   \n",
       "399  Bregaglio, S; Mongiano, G; Ferrara, RM; Ginald...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         Article Title  \\\n",
       "0    Does certified organic farming reduce greenhou...   \n",
       "1    SIMULATION OF NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS FROM DAI...   \n",
       "2    Predicting and mitigating the net greenhouse g...   \n",
       "3    Greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogen fertili...   \n",
       "4    Economic potential of biomass based fuels for ...   \n",
       "..                                                 ...   \n",
       "395  Temporal Change of Soil Carbon on a Long-Term ...   \n",
       "396  Carbon stocks in riparian buffer systems at si...   \n",
       "397  Commercial Eucalyptus Plantations with Taungya...   \n",
       "398  Interactive effect of biochar size and organic...   \n",
       "399  Which are the most favourable conditions for r...   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                         Abstract (AB)  Publication Year  \\\n",
       "0    The increasing prevalence of ecologically sust...            2015.0   \n",
       "1    Farming practices can have a large impact on t...            2009.0   \n",
       "2    Nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane are ...            2011.0   \n",
       "3    The use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers ...            2010.0   \n",
       "4    Use of biofuels diminishes fossil fuel combust...            2003.0   \n",
       "..                                                 ...               ...   \n",
       "395  The impacts of tillage practices and crop rota...            2020.0   \n",
       "396  In any given watershed, riparian buffer system...            2020.0   \n",
       "397  The increasing demand for wood, fiber, and pul...            2022.0   \n",
       "398  Biochar (BC) application to agricultural soil ...            2015.0   \n",
       "399  No-tillage practices have a recognised benefic...            2022.0   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                      DOI Researcher1 Researcher2 Researcher3  \\\n",
       "0               10.1007/s10460-014-9543-1     INCLUDE     INCLUDE         NaN   \n",
       "1                                     NaN     INCLUDE     EXCLUDE         NaN   \n",
       "2         10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.07.002     INCLUDE     INCLUDE         NaN   \n",
       "3            10.1016/j.envsci.2010.07.006     EXCLUDE     EXCLUDE         NaN   \n",
       "4                 10.1023/A:1023632309097     EXCLUDE     EXCLUDE         NaN   \n",
       "..                                    ...         ...         ...         ...   \n",
       "395              10.3390/agronomy10060840     INCLUDE         NaN     INCLUDE   \n",
       "396            10.1016/j.agee.2020.107149     INCLUDE     INCLUDE     EXCLUDE   \n",
       "397                     10.3390/f13091395     INCLUDE         NaN     INCLUDE   \n",
       "398                     10.1111/sum.12168     EXCLUDE         NaN     EXCLUDE   \n",
       "399  10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.05.0032095-6339     INCLUDE         NaN     INCLUDE   \n",
       "\n",
       "    Final decision Review studies  Duplicates  \\\n",
       "0          INCLUDE            NaN         NaN   \n",
       "1          EXCLUDE            NaN         NaN   \n",
       "2          INCLUDE            NaN         NaN   \n",
       "3          EXCLUDE            NaN         NaN   \n",
       "4          EXCLUDE            NaN         NaN   \n",
       "..             ...            ...         ...   \n",
       "395        INCLUDE            NaN         NaN   \n",
       "396        EXCLUDE            NaN         NaN   \n",
       "397        INCLUDE            NaN         NaN   \n",
       "398        EXCLUDE            NaN         NaN   \n",
       "399        INCLUDE         Review         NaN   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                               chatgpt  \n",
       "0    Step 1: Abstract examines the relationship bet...  \n",
       "1    Step 1: Abstract discusses the impact of farmi...  \n",
       "2    Step 1: Abstract discusses predicting and miti...  \n",
       "3    Step 1: Abstract focuses on greenhouse gas emi...  \n",
       "4    Step 1: Abstract discusses the economic potent...  \n",
       "..                                                 ...  \n",
       "395  Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of ti...  \n",
       "396  Step 1: Abstract explores the impact of ripari...  \n",
       "397  Step 1: Abstract discusses the taungya system,...  \n",
       "398  Step 1: Abstract investigates the impact of bi...  \n",
       "399  Step 1: Abstract examines the impact of no-til...  \n",
       "\n",
       "[400 rows x 14 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 16,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "test_pred = test_sample.copy()\n",
    "test_pred[\"chatgpt\"] = [x[1] for x in responses]\n",
    "test_pred"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "e0cb0de7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "test_pred.to_excel(\"chatgpt_responses_test_pred_cot_s4_v3.xlsx\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "68603f03",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sklearn.metrics import classification_report"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "362b23f1",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "              precision    recall  f1-score   support\n",
      "\n",
      "           0     0.6718    0.4681    0.5517       188\n",
      "           1     0.6283    0.7972    0.7027       212\n",
      "\n",
      "    accuracy                         0.6425       400\n",
      "   macro avg     0.6500    0.6326    0.6272       400\n",
      "weighted avg     0.6487    0.6425    0.6317       400\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(classification_report(test_pred[\"Final decision\"].apply(lambda x: int(\"include\" in x.lower())), test_pred[\"chatgpt\"].apply(lambda x: int(\"include\" in x.lower())), digits=4))"
   ]
  }
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