diff --git a/pkg/model/trace/combine.go b/pkg/model/trace/combine.go
index e21720ef286..d68c338472b 100644
--- a/pkg/model/trace/combine.go
+++ b/pkg/model/trace/combine.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"hash"
 	"hash/fnv"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/tempo/pkg/tempopb"
 )
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ var ErrTraceTooLarge = fmt.Errorf("trace exceeds max size")
 // * Only sort the final result once and if needed.
 // * Don't scan/hash the spans for the last input (final=true).
 type Combiner struct {
+	mtx                 sync.Mutex
 	result              *tempopb.Trace
 	spans               map[token]struct{}
 	combined            bool
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ type Combiner struct {
 // when allowPartialTrace is set to true a partial trace that exceed the max size may be returned
 func NewCombiner(maxSizeBytes int, allowPartialTrace bool) *Combiner {
 	return &Combiner{
+		mtx:               sync.Mutex{},
 		maxSizeBytes:      maxSizeBytes,
 		allowPartialTrace: allowPartialTrace,
 	}
@@ -66,6 +69,9 @@ func (c *Combiner) Consume(tr *tempopb.Trace) (int, error) {
 // ConsumeWithFinal consumes the trace, but allows for performance savings when
 // it is known that this is the last expected input trace.
 func (c *Combiner) ConsumeWithFinal(tr *tempopb.Trace, final bool) (int, error) {
+	c.mtx.Lock()
+	defer c.mtx.Unlock()
+
 	var spanCount int
 	if tr == nil || c.IsPartialTrace() {
 		return spanCount, nil
diff --git a/pkg/model/trace/combine_test.go b/pkg/model/trace/combine_test.go
index bb23ee1f6a5..dda45a6b0c9 100644
--- a/pkg/model/trace/combine_test.go
+++ b/pkg/model/trace/combine_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/grafana/tempo/pkg/tempopb"
@@ -104,6 +105,23 @@ func TestCombinerReturnsAPartialTrace(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestCombinerParallel(t *testing.T) {
+	// Ensure that the combiner is safe for parallel use.
+	c := NewCombiner(0, false)
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < 100; j++ {
+				_, err := c.Consume(test.MakeTraceWithSpanCount(1, 1, []byte{0x01}))
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
 func TestTokenForIDCollision(t *testing.T) {
 	// Estimate the hash collision rate of tokenForID.