Merge pull request #389 from mesozoic/upload_attachment

Support new "Upload attachment" endpoint

docs/source/changelog.rst

@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ Changelog
 * Changed the return type of :meth:`Model.save <pyairtable.orm.Model.save>`
   from ``bool`` to :class:`~pyairtable.orm.SaveResult`.
   - `PR #387 <https://github.com/gtalarico/pyairtable/pull/387>`_
+* Added support for `Upload attachment <https://airtable.com/developers/web/api/upload-attachment>`_
+  via :meth:`Table.upload_attachment <pyairtable.Table.upload_attachment>`
+  or :meth:`AttachmentsList.upload <pyairtable.orm.lists.AttachmentsList.upload>`.
 
 2.3.3 (2024-03-22)
 ------------------------

docs/source/migrations.rst

@@ -65,30 +65,47 @@ The full list of breaking changes is below:
 Changes to the ORM in 3.0
 ---------------------------------------------
 
-:data:`Model.created_time <pyairtable.orm.Model.created_time>` is now a ``datetime`` (or ``None``)
-instead of ``str``. This change also applies to all timestamp fields used in :ref:`API: pyairtable.models`.
-
-:meth:`Model.save <pyairtable.orm.Model.save>` now only saves changed fields to the API, which
-means it will sometimes not perform any network traffic (though this behavior can be overridden).
-It also now returns an instance of :class:`~pyairtable.orm.SaveResult` instead of ``bool``.
-
-The 3.0 release has changed the API for retrieving ORM model configuration:
+* :data:`Model.created_time <pyairtable.orm.Model.created_time>` is now a ``datetime`` (or ``None``)
+  instead of ``str``. This change also applies to all timestamp fields used in :ref:`API: pyairtable.models`.
+
+* :meth:`Model.save <pyairtable.orm.Model.save>` now only saves changed fields to the API, which
+  means it will sometimes not perform any network traffic (though this behavior can be overridden).
+  It also now returns an instance of :class:`~pyairtable.orm.SaveResult` instead of ``bool``.
+
+* Fields which contain lists of values now return instances of ``ChangeTrackingList``, which
+  is still a subclass of ``list``. This should not affect most uses, but it does mean that
+  some code which relies on exact type checking may need to be updated:
+
+    >>> isinstance(Foo().atts, list)
+    True
+    >>> type(Foo().atts) is list
+    False
+    >>> type(Foo().atts)
+    <class 'pyairtable.orm.lists.ChangeTrackingList'>
+
+* The 3.0 release has changed the API for retrieving ORM model configuration:
+
+  .. list-table::
+      :header-rows: 1
+
+      * - Method in 2.x
+        - Method in 3.0
+      * - ``Model.get_api()``
+        - ``Model.meta.api``
+      * - ``Model.get_base()``
+        - ``Model.meta.base``
+      * - ``Model.get_table()``
+        - ``Model.meta.table``
+      * - ``Model._get_meta(name)``
+        - ``Model.meta.get(name)``
+
+Breaking type changes
+---------------------------------------------
 
-.. list-table::
-    :header-rows: 1
+* ``pyairtable.api.types.CreateAttachmentDict`` is now a ``Union`` instead of a ``TypedDict``,
+  which may change some type checking behavior in code that uses it.
 
-    * - Method in 2.x
-      - Method in 3.0
-    * - ``Model.get_api()``
-      - ``Model.meta.api``
-    * - ``Model.get_base()``
-      - ``Model.meta.base``
-    * - ``Model.get_table()``
-      - ``Model.meta.table``
-    * - ``Model._get_meta(name)``
-      - ``Model.meta.get(name)``
-
-Miscellaneous name changes
+Breaking name changes
 ---------------------------------------------
 
     * - | ``pyairtable.api.enterprise.ClaimUsersResponse``

docs/source/orm.rst

@@ -583,6 +583,37 @@ comments on a particular record, just like their :class:`~pyairtable.Table` equi
     >>> comment.delete()
 
 
+Attachments in the ORM
+----------------------
+
+When retrieving attachments from the API, pyAirtable will return a list of
+:class:`~pyairtable.api.types.AttachmentDict`.
+
+    >>> model = YourModel.from_id("recMNxslc6jG0XedV")
+    >>> model.attachments
+    [
+        {
+          'id': 'attMNxslc6jG0XedV',
+          'url': 'https://dl.airtable.com/...',
+          'filename': 'example.jpg',
+          'size': 12345,
+          'type': 'image/jpeg'
+        },
+        ...
+    ]
+
+You can append your own values to this list, and as long as they have
+either a ``"id"`` or ``"url"`` key, they will be saved back to the API.
+
+    >>> model.attachments.append({"url": "https://example.com/example.jpg"})
+    >>> model.save()
+
+You can also use :meth:`~pyairtable.orm.lists.AttachmentsList.upload` to
+directly upload content to Airtable:
+
+.. automethod:: pyairtable.orm.lists.AttachmentsList.upload
+
+
 ORM Limitations
 ------------------
 

pyairtable/api/table.py

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+import base64
+import mimetypes
+import os
 import posixpath
 import urllib.parse
 import warnings
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Union, overload
 
 import pyairtable.models
@@ -11,6 +15,7 @@
     RecordDict,
     RecordId,
     UpdateRecordDict,
+    UploadAttachmentResultDict,
     UpsertResultDict,
     WritableFields,
     assert_typed_dict,
@@ -657,21 +662,31 @@ def schema(self, *, force: bool = False) -> TableSchema:
     def create_field(
         self,
         name: str,
-        type: str,
+        field_type: str,
         description: Optional[str] = None,
         options: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
     ) -> FieldSchema:
         """
         Create a field on the table.
 
+        Usage:
+            >>> table.create_field("Attachments", "multipleAttachment")
+            FieldSchema(
+                id='fldslc6jG0XedVMNx',
+                name='Attachments',
+                type='multipleAttachment',
+                description=None,
+                options=MultipleAttachmentsFieldOptions(is_reversed=False)
+            )
+
         Args:
             name: The unique name of the field.
             field_type: One of the `Airtable field types <https://airtable.com/developers/web/api/model/field-type>`__.
             description: A long form description of the table.
             options: Only available for some field types. For more information, read about the
                 `Airtable field model <https://airtable.com/developers/web/api/field-model>`__.
         """
-        request: Dict[str, Any] = {"name": name, "type": type}
+        request: Dict[str, Any] = {"name": name, "type": field_type}
         if description:
             request["description"] = description
         if options:
@@ -691,6 +706,73 @@ def create_field(
             self._schema.fields.append(field_schema)
         return field_schema
 
+    def upload_attachment(
+        self,
+        record_id: RecordId,
+        field: str,
+        filename: Union[str, Path],
+        content: Optional[Union[str, bytes]] = None,
+        content_type: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> UploadAttachmentResultDict:
+        """
+        Upload an attachment to the Airtable API, either by supplying the path to the file
+        or by providing the content directly as a variable.
+
+        See `Upload attachment <https://airtable.com/developers/web/api/upload-attachment>`__.
+
+        Usage:
+            >>> table.upload_attachment("recAdw9EjV90xbZ", "Attachments", "/tmp/example.jpg")
+            {
+                'id': 'recAdw9EjV90xbZ',
+                'createdTime': '2023-05-22T21:24:15.333134Z',
+                'fields': {
+                    'Attachments': [
+                        {
+                            'id': 'attW8eG2x0ew1Af',
+                            'url': 'https://content.airtable.com/...',
+                            'filename': 'example.jpg'
+                        }
+                    ]
+                }
+            }
+
+        Args:
+            record_id: |arg_record_id|
+            field: The ID or name of the ``multipleAttachments`` type field.
+            filename: The path to the file to upload. If ``content`` is provided, this
+                argument is still used to tell Airtable what name to give the file.
+            content: The content of the file as a string or bytes object. If no value
+                is provided, pyAirtable will attempt to read the contents of ``filename``.
+            content_type: The MIME type of the file. If not provided, the library will attempt to
+                guess the content type based on ``filename``.
+
+        Returns:
+            A full list of attachments in the given field, including the new attachment.
+        """
+        if content is None:
+            with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
+                content = fp.read()
+            return self.upload_attachment(
+                record_id, field, filename, content, content_type
+            )
+
+        filename = os.path.basename(filename)
+        if content_type is None:
+            if not (content_type := mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0]):
+                warnings.warn(f"Could not guess content-type for {filename!r}")
+                content_type = "application/octet-stream"
+
+        # TODO: figure out how to handle the atypical subdomain in a more graceful fashion
+        url = f"https://content.airtable.com/v0/{self.base.id}/{record_id}/{field}/uploadAttachment"
+        content = content.encode() if isinstance(content, str) else content
+        payload = {
+            "contentType": content_type,
+            "filename": filename,
+            "file": base64.encodebytes(content).decode("utf8"),  # API needs Unicode
+        }
+        response = self.api.post(url, json=payload)
+        return assert_typed_dict(UploadAttachmentResultDict, response)
+
 
 # These are at the bottom of the module to avoid circular imports
 import pyairtable.api.api  # noqa

pyairtable/api/types.py

@@ -76,7 +76,20 @@ class AttachmentDict(TypedDict, total=False):
     thumbnails: Dict[str, Dict[str, Union[str, int]]]
 
 
-class CreateAttachmentDict(TypedDict, total=False):
+class CreateAttachmentById(TypedDict):
+    """
+    A ``dict`` representing a new attachment to be written to the Airtable API.
+
+    >>> new_attachment = {"id": "attW8eG2x0ew1Af"}
+    >>> existing = record["fields"].setdefault("Attachments", [])
+    >>> existing.append(new_attachment)
+    >>> table.update(existing["id"], existing["fields"])
+    """
+
+    id: str
+
+
+class CreateAttachmentByUrl(TypedDict, total=False):
     """
     A ``dict`` representing a new attachment to be written to the Airtable API.
 
@@ -93,6 +106,9 @@ class CreateAttachmentDict(TypedDict, total=False):
     filename: str
 
 
+CreateAttachmentDict: TypeAlias = Union[CreateAttachmentById, CreateAttachmentByUrl]
+
+
 class BarcodeDict(TypedDict, total=False):
     """
     A ``dict`` representing the value stored in a Barcode field.
@@ -350,6 +366,33 @@ class UserAndScopesDict(TypedDict, total=False):
     scopes: List[str]
 
 
+class UploadAttachmentResultDict(TypedDict):
+    """
+    A ``dict`` representing the payload returned by
+    `Upload attachment <https://airtable.com/developers/web/api/upload-attachment>`__.
+
+    Usage:
+        >>> table.upload_attachment("recAdw9EjV90xbZ", "Attachments", "/tmp/example.jpg")
+        {
+            'id': 'recAdw9EjV90xbZ',
+            'createdTime': '2023-05-22T21:24:15.333134Z',
+            'fields': {
+                'Attachments': [
+                    {
+                        'id': 'attW8eG2x0ew1Af',
+                        'url': 'https://content.airtable.com/...',
+                        'filename': 'example.jpg'
+                    }
+                ]
+            }
+        }
+    """
+
+    id: RecordId
+    createdTime: str
+    fields: Dict[str, List[AttachmentDict]]
+
+
 @lru_cache
 def _create_model_from_typeddict(cls: Type[T]) -> Type[pydantic.BaseModel]:
     """
@@ -397,6 +440,18 @@ def assert_typed_dict(cls: Type[T], obj: Any) -> T:
     """
     if not isinstance(obj, dict):
         raise TypeError(f"expected dict, got {type(obj)}")
+
+    # special case for handling a Union
+    if getattr(cls, "__origin__", None) is Union:
+        typeddict_classes = list(getattr(cls, "__args__", []))
+        while typeddict_cls := typeddict_classes.pop():
+            try:
+                return cast(T, assert_typed_dict(typeddict_cls, obj))
+            except pydantic.ValidationError:
+                # raise the last exception if we've tried everything
+                if not typeddict_classes:
+                    raise
+
     # mypy complains cls isn't Hashable, but it is; see https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2412
     model = _create_model_from_typeddict(cls)  # type: ignore
     model(**obj)

pyairtable/exceptions.py

@@ -26,3 +26,15 @@ class MultipleValuesError(PyAirtableError, ValueError):
     """
     SingleLinkField received more than one value from either Airtable or calling code.
     """
+
+
+class ReadonlyFieldError(PyAirtableError, ValueError):
+    """
+    Attempted to set a value on a readonly field.
+    """
+
+
+class UnsavedRecordError(PyAirtableError, ValueError):
+    """
+    Attempted to perform an unsupported operation on an unsaved record.
+    """