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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
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<title>Introduction · Hivemall User Manual</title>
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<input type="text" placeholder="Type to search" />
</div>
<nav role="navigation">
<ul class="summary">
<li>
<a href="https://hivemall.incubator.apache.org/" target="_blank" class="custom-link"><i class="fa fa-home"></i> Home</a>
</li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="header">TABLE OF CONTENTS</li>
<li class="chapter active" data-level="1.1" data-path="./">
<a href="./">
<b>1.1.</b>
Introduction
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2" data-path="getting_started/">
<a href="getting_started/">
<b>1.2.</b>
Getting Started
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.1" data-path="getting_started/installation.html">
<a href="getting_started/installation.html">
<b>1.2.1.</b>
Installation
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.2" data-path="getting_started/permanent-functions.html">
<a href="getting_started/permanent-functions.html">
<b>1.2.2.</b>
Install as permanent functions
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.2.3" data-path="getting_started/input-format.html">
<a href="getting_started/input-format.html">
<b>1.2.3.</b>
Input Format
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.3" data-path="misc/funcs.html">
<a href="misc/funcs.html">
<b>1.3.</b>
List of Functions
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4" data-path="tips/">
<a href="tips/">
<b>1.4.</b>
Tips for Effective Hivemall
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.1" data-path="tips/addbias.html">
<a href="tips/addbias.html">
<b>1.4.1.</b>
Explicit add_bias() for better prediction
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.2" data-path="tips/rand_amplify.html">
<a href="tips/rand_amplify.html">
<b>1.4.2.</b>
Use rand_amplify() to better prediction results
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.3" data-path="tips/rt_prediction.html">
<a href="tips/rt_prediction.html">
<b>1.4.3.</b>
Real-time prediction on RDBMS
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.4" data-path="tips/ensemble_learning.html">
<a href="tips/ensemble_learning.html">
<b>1.4.4.</b>
Ensemble learning for stable prediction
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.5" data-path="tips/mixserver.html">
<a href="tips/mixserver.html">
<b>1.4.5.</b>
Mixing models for a better prediction convergence (MIX server)
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.4.6" data-path="tips/emr.html">
<a href="tips/emr.html">
<b>1.4.6.</b>
Run Hivemall on Amazon Elastic MapReduce
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5" data-path="tips/general_tips.html">
<a href="tips/general_tips.html">
<b>1.5.</b>
General Hive/Hadoop Tips
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.1" data-path="tips/rowid.html">
<a href="tips/rowid.html">
<b>1.5.1.</b>
Adding rowid for each row
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.5.2" data-path="tips/hadoop_tuning.html">
<a href="tips/hadoop_tuning.html">
<b>1.5.2.</b>
Hadoop tuning for Hivemall
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6" data-path="troubleshooting/">
<a href="troubleshooting/">
<b>1.6.</b>
Troubleshooting
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.1" data-path="troubleshooting/oom.html">
<a href="troubleshooting/oom.html">
<b>1.6.1.</b>
OutOfMemoryError in training
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.2" data-path="troubleshooting/mapjoin_task_error.html">
<a href="troubleshooting/mapjoin_task_error.html">
<b>1.6.2.</b>
SemanticException generate map join task error: Cannot serialize object
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.3" data-path="troubleshooting/asterisk.html">
<a href="troubleshooting/asterisk.html">
<b>1.6.3.</b>
Asterisk argument for UDTF does not work
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.4" data-path="troubleshooting/num_mappers.html">
<a href="troubleshooting/num_mappers.html">
<b>1.6.4.</b>
The number of mappers is less than input splits in Hadoop 2.x
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="1.6.5" data-path="troubleshooting/mapjoin_classcastex.html">
<a href="troubleshooting/mapjoin_classcastex.html">
<b>1.6.5.</b>
Map-side join causes ClassCastException on Tez
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">Part II - Generic Features</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.1" data-path="misc/generic_funcs.html">
<a href="misc/generic_funcs.html">
<b>2.1.</b>
List of Generic Hivemall Functions
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.2" data-path="misc/topk.html">
<a href="misc/topk.html">
<b>2.2.</b>
Efficient Top-K Query Processing
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.3" data-path="misc/tokenizer.html">
<a href="misc/tokenizer.html">
<b>2.3.</b>
Text Tokenizer
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="2.4" data-path="misc/approx.html">
<a href="misc/approx.html">
<b>2.4.</b>
Approximate Aggregate Functions
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">Part III - Feature Engineering</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.1" data-path="ft_engineering/scaling.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/scaling.html">
<b>3.1.</b>
Feature Scaling
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.2" data-path="ft_engineering/hashing.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/hashing.html">
<b>3.2.</b>
Feature Hashing
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.3" data-path="ft_engineering/selection.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/selection.html">
<b>3.3.</b>
Feature Selection
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.4" data-path="ft_engineering/binning.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/binning.html">
<b>3.4.</b>
Feature Binning
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5" data-path="ft_engineering/pairing.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/pairing.html">
<b>3.5.</b>
Feature Paring
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.5.1" data-path="ft_engineering/polynomial.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/polynomial.html">
<b>3.5.1.</b>
Polynomial features
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6" data-path="ft_engineering/ft_trans.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/ft_trans.html">
<b>3.6.</b>
Feature Transformation
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.1" data-path="ft_engineering/vectorization.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/vectorization.html">
<b>3.6.1.</b>
Feature vectorization
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.2" data-path="ft_engineering/quantify.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/quantify.html">
<b>3.6.2.</b>
Quantify non-number features
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.3" data-path="ft_engineering/binarize.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/binarize.html">
<b>3.6.3.</b>
Binarize label
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.6.4" data-path="ft_engineering/onehot.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/onehot.html">
<b>3.6.4.</b>
One-hot encoding
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7" data-path="ft_engineering/term_vector.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/term_vector.html">
<b>3.7.</b>
Term Vector Model
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7.1" data-path="ft_engineering/tfidf.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/tfidf.html">
<b>3.7.1.</b>
TF-IDF Term Weighting
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="3.7.2" data-path="ft_engineering/bm25.html">
<a href="ft_engineering/bm25.html">
<b>3.7.2.</b>
Okapi BM25 Term Weighting
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">Part IV - Evaluation</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1" data-path="eval/binary_classification_measures.html">
<a href="eval/binary_classification_measures.html">
<b>4.1.</b>
Binary Classification Metrics
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.1.1" data-path="eval/auc.html">
<a href="eval/auc.html">
<b>4.1.1.</b>
Area under the ROC curve
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.2" data-path="eval/multilabel_classification_measures.html">
<a href="eval/multilabel_classification_measures.html">
<b>4.2.</b>
Multi-label Classification Metrics
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.3" data-path="eval/regression.html">
<a href="eval/regression.html">
<b>4.3.</b>
Regression Metrics
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.4" data-path="eval/rank.html">
<a href="eval/rank.html">
<b>4.4.</b>
Ranking Measures
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5" data-path="eval/datagen.html">
<a href="eval/datagen.html">
<b>4.5.</b>
Data Generation
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="4.5.1" data-path="eval/lr_datagen.html">
<a href="eval/lr_datagen.html">
<b>4.5.1.</b>
Logistic Regression data generation
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="header">Part V - Supervised Learning</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.1" data-path="supervised_learning/prediction.html">
<a href="supervised_learning/prediction.html">
<b>5.1.</b>
How Prediction Works
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="5.2" data-path="supervised_learning/tutorial.html">
<a href="supervised_learning/tutorial.html">
<b>5.2.</b>
Step-by-Step Tutorial on Supervised Learning
</a>
</li>
<li class="header">Part VI - Binary Classification</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.1" data-path="binaryclass/general.html">
<a href="binaryclass/general.html">
<b>6.1.</b>
Binary Classification
</a>
</li>
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2" data-path="binaryclass/a9a.html">
<a href="binaryclass/a9a.html">
<b>6.2.</b>
a9a Tutorial
</a>
<ul class="articles">
<li class="chapter " data-level="6.2.1" data-path="binaryclass/a9a_dataset.html">
<a href="binaryclass/a9a_dataset.html">