LeptonInjector is a group of modules used to create events in IceCube. This code represents a standalone version of the original LeptonInjector which has been trimmed of the proprietary Icetray dependencies. It is currently fully functional and compatible with LeptonWeighter.
To use it, you will
1. Prepare a Injector object (or list of Injector objects).
2. Use one injector object, along with several generation parameters, to create a Controller object. These were called MultiLeptonInjector in the original code.
3. Add more injectors to the controller object using the add injector function. Verify that the controller is properly configured.
4. Specify the full paths and names of the destination output file and LeptonInjector Configuration (LIC) file.
5. Call Controller.Execute(). This will run the simulation.
For an example of this in action, see $root/resources/example/inject_muons.py
To learn about the LIC files and weighting, see https://github.com/IceCubeOpenSource/LeptonWeighter
All of the dependencies are already installed on the CVMFS environments on the IceCube Cobalt testbeds.
For local installations, you need the following:
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A C++ compiler with C++11 support.
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The
HDF5C libraries. Read more about it here: https://portal.hdfgroup.org/display/support. These libraries are, of course, used to save the data files. -
It also requires Photospline to create and to read cross sections. Read more about it, and its installation at https://github.com/IceCubeOpenSource/photospline. Note that Photospline has dependencies that you will need that are not listed here.
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LeptonInjector requires Photospline's
SuiteSparsecapabilities, whose dependencies are available here http://faculty.cse.tamu.edu/davis/suitesparse.html
For building py-bindings,
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Python, but you should've known that if you're building pybindings.
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BOOST, which can be installed as easily as typingsudo apt-get install libboost-all-devon linux machines (so long as you use bash and not something like tcsh). There's probably a homebrew version for mac. Boost is primarily needed to compile the python bindings or this software.
These are not ostensibly a part of LeptonInjector, but are included for its functionality. They were developed by the IceCube Collaboration and modified slightly to use the LeptonInjector datatypes instead of the IceCube proprietary ones.
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I3CrossSections: provies the tools for sampling DIS and GR cross sections.
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Earthmodel Services: provides the PREM for column depth calculations.
First, go to a folder where you would like to build and compile lepton injector, and run
git clone git@github.com:IceCubeOpenSource/LeptonInjector.git
to download the source code. Then, mv the folder that is created to rename it to source. We will be trying to keep our source, build, and install directories separate. Now
mkdir build and mkdir install
so we have target locations. cd ./build to move into the build directory. Now, we call cmake
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../install ../source
This tells cmake to install the shared objects in the install directory we just made. Cmake prepares a Makefile which calls the g++ compiler with the necessary instructions to... compile. So now you'll call
make -j4 && make install
to build the project and install the project. Now you need to set all the environmental variables so this actually works. You will be adding this to your .bashrc or .bash_profile.
To allow python to find your install directory:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/your/install/path/
To allow the EarthModel to find details about the Earth:
export EARTH_PARAMS=/your/source/path/resources/earthparams/
The code base is divided into several files.
- Constants: a header defining various constants.
- Controller: implements a class for managing the simulation
- DataWriter: writes event properties and MCTrees to an HDF5 file
- EventProps: implements a few structures used to write events in the hdf5 file.
- h5write: may be renamed soon. This will be used to write the configurations onto a file
- LeptonInjector (the file): defines the Injector objects described above in addition to several configuration objects and event generators
- Particle: simple implementation of particles. Includes a big enum.
- Random: object for random number sampling.
For generating events you will need fits files of splines specifying the cross sections (total and differential cross sections). These should be made with photospline.
If you would like to make contributions to this project, please create a branch off of the master branch and name it something following the template: $YourLastName/$YourSubProject.
Work on this branch until you have made the changes you wished to see and your branch is stable.
Then, pull from master, and create a pull request to merge your branch back into master.
The LeptonInjector and LeptonWeighter modules were motivated by the high-energy light sterile neutrino search performed by B. Jones and C. Argüelles. C. Weaver wrote the first implementation of LeptonInjector using the IceCube internal software framework, icetray, and wrote the specifications for LeptonWeighter. In doing so, he also significantly enhanced the functionality of IceCube's Earth-model service. These weighting specifications were turned into code by C. Argüelles in LeptonWeighter. B. Jones performed the first detailed Monte Carlo comparisons that showed that this code had similar performance to the standard IceCube neutrino generator at the time for throughgoing muon neutrinos.
It was realized that these codes could have use beyond IceCube and could benefit the broader neutrino community. The codes were copied from IceCube internal subversion repositories to this GitHub repository; unfortunately, the code commit history was not preserved in this process. Thus the current commits do not represent the contributions from the original authors, particularly from the initial work by C. Weaver and C. Argüelles.
The transition to this public version of the code has been spearheaded by A. Schneider and B. Smithers, with significant input and contributions from C. Weaver and C. Argüelles. B. Smithers isolated the components of the code needed to make the code public, edited the examples, and improved the interface of the code. A. Schneider contributed to improving the weighting algorithm, particularly to making it work for volume mode cascades, as well as in writing the general weighting formalism that enables joint weighting of volume and range mode.
This project also received contributions and suggestions from internal IceCube reviewers and the collaboration as a whole. Please cite this work as:
LeptonInjector and LeptonWeighter: A neutrino event generator and weighter for neutrino observatories IceCube Collaboration https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.10449
Austin Schneider: Software, Validation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing; Benjamin Jones: Conceptualization, Validation; Benjamin Smithers: Software, Validation, Writing - Original Draft, Visualization, Writing - Review & Editing; Carlos Argüelles: Conceptualization, Software, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision; Chris Weaver: Methodology, Software, Writing - Review & Editing