enable LoadBalancer type karmada-apiserver service in operator

[chaosi-zju]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

enable LoadBalancer type karmada-apiserver service in operator

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes part of #5767

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

`karmada-operator`:  enable LoadBalancer type karmada-apiserver service

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Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 23 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 42.29%. Comparing base (057cf86) to head (7aae08f).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
operator/pkg/tasks/init/upload.go	0.00%	23 Missing ⚠️

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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #5773      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   42.31%   42.29%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         655      655              
  Lines       55756    55779      +23     
==========================================
+ Hits        23591    23593       +2     
- Misses      30651    30673      +22     
+ Partials     1514     1513       -1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	42.29% <0.00%> (-0.02%)	⬇️

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[chaosi-zju]

Test report:

1. karmada-apiserver field configured as follows:

    karmadaAPIServer:
      imageRepository: registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver
      imageTag: v1.30.4
      replicas: 1
      serviceType: LoadBalancer
      certSANs:
        - 172.18.255.200
      serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12

2. karmada installed success:

➜  lb kubectl get pods -o wide -n karmada-system 
NAME                                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE                                  NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
karmada-aggregated-apiserver-7d86f7c5fd-f2r85      1/1     Running   0          4m4s    10.157.0.128   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-apiserver-ff9cf89f9-w2c7w                  1/1     Running   0          4m14s   10.157.0.127   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-controller-manager-68556b6b44-kjg62        1/1     Running   0          3m20s   10.157.0.130   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-descheduler-6cb7f6c5f7-s5cww               1/1     Running   0          3m20s   10.157.0.133   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-etcd-0                                     1/1     Running   0          4m16s   10.157.0.126   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-kube-controller-manager-766cb67f88-8sfcc   1/1     Running   0          3m20s   10.157.0.129   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-metrics-adapter-bc6775967-mh5jt            1/1     Running   0          3m20s   10.157.0.134   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-operator-78bc458f5-wxrfr                   1/1     Running   0          12m     10.157.0.114   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-scheduler-77f6f95d4d-vtwjz                 1/1     Running   0          3m20s   10.157.0.131   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-search-7cc95ddb7c-f7kwj                    1/1     Running   0          3m11s   10.157.0.135   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>
karmada-webhook-b49bdf9df-lb94n                    1/1     Running   0          3m20s   10.157.0.132   karmada-operator-host-control-plane   <none>           <none>

3. loadbalacner type karmada-apiserver service works:

$ kubectl get svc karmada-apiserver -n karmada-system
NAME                TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)          AGE
karmada-apiserver   LoadBalancer   100.157.157.50   172.18.255.200   5443:31490/TCP   4m6s

$ curl --cert /tmp/cert/client.crt --key /tmp/cert/client.key -k https://172.18.255.200:5443/api
{
  "kind": "APIVersions",
  "versions": [
    "v1"
  ],
  "serverAddressByClientCIDRs": [
    {
      "clientCIDR": "0.0.0.0/0",
      "serverAddress": "10.157.0.127:5443"
    }
  ]
}#                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

[RainbowMango]

/lgtm
/approve

[karmada-bot]

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This pull-request has been approved by: RainbowMango

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