DBMS and MySQL Roadmap

Introduction

This roadmap is designed to provide a structured learning path to mastering Database Management Systems (DBMS) concepts and MySQL. It is suitable for both beginners and those looking to refresh or expand their knowledge of databases and MySQL.

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction to DBMS
2. Relational Databases
3. SQL Fundamentals
4. MySQL Installation and Setup
5. Advanced SQL Queries
6. Database Design and Normalization
7. Indexes and Query Optimization
8. Stored Procedures, Functions, and Triggers
9. Transactions and Concurrency Control
10. Security and Permissions in MySQL
11. Backup and Restore
12. Scaling and Replication
13. Best Practices

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1. Introduction to DBMS

• What is DBMS?

  • Definition of DBMS
  • Types of DBMS (Relational, NoSQL, etc.)
  • Advantages and Disadvantages of DBMS
  • DBMS Architecture (1-tier, 2-tier, 3-tier)

• Components of DBMS

  • Database Schema
  • Data Models (Hierarchical, Network, Relational, Object-Oriented)
  • Database Languages (DDL, DML, DCL)
  • DBMS Users (Admin, Developers, End-Users)

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2. Relational Databases

• Relational Model

  • Tables (Entities, Attributes, Tuples)
  • Primary and Foreign Keys
  • Relationships (One-to-One, One-to-Many, Many-to-Many)

• Integrity Constraints

  • Entity Integrity
  • Referential Integrity

• ER Diagrams

  • Entities, Relationships, Attributes
  • ER to Relational Model Conversion

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3. SQL Fundamentals

• Introduction to SQL

  • SQL vs NoSQL
  • DDL, DML, DCL, and TCL in SQL

• Basic SQL Queries

  • SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
  • Filtering Data with WHERE
  • Sorting Data with ORDER BY
  • Aggregate Functions (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX)

• Joins

  • Inner Join, Left Join, Right Join, Full Join
  • Cross Joins and Self Joins

• Grouping and Aggregating

  • GROUP BY, HAVING Clauses

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4. MySQL Installation and Setup

• Installing MySQL

  • Installation on Linux, Windows, and Mac
  • Setting up MySQL Server and Client

• Basic MySQL Configuration

  • Setting up Users and Permissions
  • MySQL Command Line Basics
  • Connecting MySQL to a Project (e.g., Python, Java, PHP)

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5. Advanced SQL Queries

• Subqueries

  • Single Row, Multiple Row, and Correlated Subqueries

• Set Operations

  • UNION, INTERSECT, EXCEPT

• Common Table Expressions (CTEs)

  • Using WITH for readability and performance

• Window Functions

  • ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), DENSE_RANK(), LAG(), LEAD()

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6. Database Design and Normalization

• Normalization

  • 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF
  • Denormalization

• Keys

  • Candidate Key, Super Key, Alternate Key, Composite Key

• Database Schema Design

  • Best Practices for Designing Tables
  • Identifying Relationships between Entities

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7. Indexes and Query Optimization

• Indexes in MySQL

  • Primary Index, Unique Index, Composite Index
  • How Indexes Work
  • Pros and Cons of Indexes

• Query Optimization Techniques

  • Understanding EXPLAIN Plan
  • Optimizing Joins, Subqueries, and Complex Queries
  • Avoiding Full Table Scans

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8. Stored Procedures, Functions, and Triggers

• Stored Procedures

  • Creating, Modifying, and Executing Stored Procedures
  • Input and Output Parameters

• User-defined Functions

  • Creating and Using Functions in MySQL

• Triggers

  • Creating BEFORE and AFTER Triggers
  • Use Cases for Triggers

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9. Transactions and Concurrency Control

• Transactions in MySQL

  • BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK
  • ACID Properties

• Concurrency Control

  • Locking Mechanisms (Pessimistic, Optimistic Locking)
  • Deadlocks and How to Avoid Them

• Isolation Levels

  • Read Uncommitted, Read Committed, Repeatable Read, Serializable

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10. Security and Permissions in MySQL

• User Management

  • Creating and Managing Users
  • Assigning Privileges (GRANT, REVOKE)

• Security Best Practices

  • Securing MySQL Server
  • Protecting Against SQL Injection

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11. Backup and Restore

• Backup Strategies

  • Full, Incremental, and Differential Backups
  • Using mysqldump for Backups

• Restoring Data

  • Restoring from mysqldump
  • Point-in-Time Recovery

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12. Scaling and Replication

• Replication in MySQL

  • Master-Slave Replication
  • Master-Master Replication
  • Delayed Replication

• Sharding and Partitioning

  • Horizontal and Vertical Partitioning
  • Database Sharding Techniques

• Database Scaling

  • Scaling Vertically vs Horizontally

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13. Best Practices

• Naming Conventions

  • Naming Tables, Columns, Constraints, Indexes

• Efficient Data Types

  • Choosing the Right Data Types (e.g., INT vs BIGINT)

• Version Control for Databases

  • Schema Versioning with Tools like Liquibase or Flyway

• Documentation and Commenting

  • Documenting Database Structures and Queries

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This roadmap will guide you through mastering DBMS and MySQL, from foundational concepts to advanced topics. The path focuses on best practices, optimization techniques, and real-world scenarios to make you proficient in database management and MySQL.