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Backend-Dev-Fundamentals

Explore the fundamentals of Backend Development using JavaScript, NodeJS and ExpressJS.

Types of Web Development

  1. Front End Development
  2. Back End Development
  3. Full Stack Development

Front-End Development

  • Front End refers to what you actually see on the website in a browser.
  • It is also referred as Client Side Development.
  • Front End developers are responsible for everything that you see when you’re navigating around the Internet.

Back-End Development

  • Back End refers to what actually happens under the hood on the web servers.
  • It is also referred as Server Side Development.
  • Back End developers are responsible for the architecture, databases, database transactions and much more.

Full-Stack Development

  • Full Stack development is the combination of Front End and Back End development.
  • Full Stack developers can be referred as jacks-of-all-trades such as MERN, MEAN and MEVN stack developers.

Client Server Architecture

  • It is a network architecture in which clients request though a browser and receive resources from a web server.
  • The browser then renders the web pages using DOM interpreter, CSS interpreter and JS Engine.

HTTP Request Methods

Method Operation
GET Read
POST Create
PUT Update/Replace
DELETE Delete

HTTP Status Code

  • 1XX: Informational
  • 2XX: Success
  • 3XX: Redirection
  • 4XX: Client Error
  • 5XX: Server Error

What is API?

  • Stands for Application Programming Interface
  • Connection between different computer programs
  • Allows two different applications to talk to each other

What is JSON?

  • Stands for JavaScript Object Notation
  • It is a lightweight data-interchange format
  • It is plain text written in JavaScript object notation
  • It is used to send data between computers
  • It is language independent

What is JavaScript?

  • High level, interpreted programming language
  • Runs on Browser as well as on Server
  • Conforms to ECMAScript specification
  • Multi-paradigm, Single threaded
  • Supports Object oriented and Functional Programming style

Why should we use JavaaScript?

  • Programming language of the browser
  • Build interactive UI using JS frameworks like React, Vue and Angular
  • Builds very fast Server side and Full Stack applications
  • Can also be used in Mobile development using React Native, Ionic
  • Can also be used in Desktop App development using Electron JS

What is Node.js?

  • Open-source, cross-platform, back-end - JavaScript runtime environment
  • Fast, efficient and highly scalable
  • Runs on the V8 JavaScript engine developed by Google
  • Allows us to run JavaScript code on the server
  • Event driven, non-blocking I/O model
  • Javascript Everywhere on the front-end and back-end

What is NPM?

  • NPM stands for Node Package Manager
  • Install 3rd party packages such as frameworks, libraries and tools
  • Packages are stored in the node_modules folder
  • All dependencies are listed in package.json file
  • NPM scripts are used to run different tasks

What is ExpressJS?

  • Fast, Flexible and Minimalistic Web application framework
  • Makes building web application with Node.js much easier
  • Extremely light, fast, open-source and most popular
  • Used for both server rendered apps as well as API
  • Full control of request and response
  • Great to use with client side frameworks as it’s all JavaScript

Route Handling - ExpressJS

  • Handling requests and routes is very fast and simple
  • Simple syntax - app.get(), app.post(), app.put(), app.delete() and so on
  • Render a HTML template, send JSON/file, redirect URL and much more
  • Use any database like MongoDB, PostgreSQL and so on
  • Access URL params, Query strings, Base URL and more
  • We can store routes in separate files and export using Express Router

What is REST API?

  • REST stands for Representational State Transfer
  • It is a set of architectural constraints
  • It transfers representation of the state of a resource to the requester
  • General formats: JSON, HTML, plain text and more
  • Mostly used for Internet of Things (IoT), Mobile - Development and Web Development

Questions & Feedback

Please reach out to me on LinkedIn or Twitter if you need any help or want to share your feedback.

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License

This repository is published under the MIT license.