[DataCatalog]: Move pattern resolution logic outside of DataCatalog

[ElenaKhaustova]

Description

Implement DataCatalog prototype with pattern resolution logic moved outside of it.

Context

#3995 (comment)

Related to #3746

Possible Implementation

• Move pattern resolution logic to a separate component;
• Implement KedroDataCatalog ensuring [DataCatalog]: Refactor dataset factory resolution logic #3925, [DataCatalog]: Enhance _FrozenDatasets public API #3926, [DataCatalog]: Iterate through datasets objects in the catalog #3916 and [DataCatalog]: Revise methods and properties names for DataCatalog #3931
• Resolve configurations outside of the catalog and pass them to the catalog;