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Module 02 Exercises

Exercise 01 - NodeJS and Npm

Objective:

The goal of this exercise is to create a basic Node.js project, set it up using npm, incorporate external packages, and use require to import and use an external package. Additionally, you will learn to set up and run the project using npm scripts and debug using Visual Studio Code.

Instructions:

  1. Initialize the project:

    • Create a new folder for the project and open it in VS Code.
    • Open the terminal in VS Code and run the following command to initialize the project: 
      npm init

  2. Install an external package:

    • Use npm to install the colors package (used for styling terminal output): 
      npm install colors

  3. Create the main file:

    • In the root folder, create a file named index.js.
    • Add the following code to index.js: 
      const colors = require('colors');

const name = 'Student';
console.log(colors.blue(`Hello, ${name}! Welcome to the Node.js exercise.`));
console.log(colors.green('This message is styled using the colors package!'));

  4. Set up an npm script:

    • In your package.json, add the following start script under the scripts section: 
      "scripts": {
  "start": "node index.js"
}

  5. Debug using VS Code:

    • Open VS Code and set a breakpoint on the line where the colors.blue function is called.
    • In VS Code, press Ctrl+Shift+D to open the debug view.
    • Create a .vscode/launch.json file by clicking "create a launch.json file" and configure it for Node.js debugging: 
      {
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "type": "node",
      "request": "launch",
      "name": "Launch Program",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/index.js"
    }
  ]
}
    • Run the debugger from VS Code.

  6. Run the project:

    • To run the project, use the following command in the terminal: 
      npm start

Summary:

By completing this exercise, you will learn how to:

  • Initialize a Node.js project using npm.
  • Install and use external packages.
  • Set up npm scripts.
  • Debug a Node.js application in VS Code.

Exercise 02 - Typescript

Objective

In this exercise, you will practice:

  • Interfaces
  • Union Types
  • Functional programming
  • Typescript project structure

Goal

Implement a shape calculation and reporting system. The app will calculate the area and circumference of different shapes, including circles, rectangles, and triangles. You will then generate a shape report based on the calculated values.

Instructions

  1. Set up the project structure with the following files:

    • shapes.ts: Define the interfaces for specific shapes and export the Shape type and the ShapeKind type.
    • calculations.ts: Implement the shape calculation functions and export the ShapeCalculator type, calculateArea function, and calculateCircumference function.
    • report.ts: Create the createShapeReport function that generates a shape report and export it.
    • index.ts: Use the implemented functions to calculate the area and circumference of shapes and generate the shape report.

  2. Implement the shapes.ts file:

    • Define the interfaces Circle, Rectangle, and Triangle for each specific shape. Each shape interface should have a kind property of a discriminated union type. Export these interfaces.
    • Define the Shape type as a union type of Circle, Rectangle, and Triangle.
    • Define the ShapeKind type as the mapped type that extracts the kind property values from the Shape type.

  3. Implement the calculations.ts file:

    • Import the Shape type from shapes.ts.
    • Define the ShapeCalculator type as a function type that accepts a shape of type Shape and returns a number.
    • Implement the calculateArea function that calculates the area based on the shape type using a switch statement. Export this function.
    • Implement the calculateCircumference function that calculates the circumference based on the shape type using a switch statement. Export this function.

  4. Implement the report.ts file:

    • Import the Shape and ShapeKind types from shapes.ts, and the ShapeCalculator type from calculations.ts.
    • Implement the createShapeReport function that takes an array of shapes and a shape calculator function. Iterate through the shapes using a for...of loop and generate an array of shape reports. Each shape report should have a kind property of type ShapeKind and a value property of type string, which represents the calculated value. Export this function.

  5. Implement the index.ts file:

    • Import the necessary types and functions from shapes.ts, calculations.ts, and report.ts.
    • Create instances of different shapes (e.g., circle, rectangle, triangle).
    • Create an array of shapes containing the instances created in the previous step.
    • Use the createShapeReport function with calculateArea to generate a shape report for the areas of the shapes. Iterate through the resulting array using a for...of loop and log each shape's kind and calculated area to the console.
    • Use the createShapeReport function with calculateCircumference to generate a shape report for the circumferences of the shapes. Iterate through the resulting array using a for...of loop and log each shape's kind and calculated circumference