pepperModules-TEIModules

This project provides an importer to import data coming from the TEI P5 format for the linguistic converter framework Pepper (see https://github.com/korpling/pepper). A detailed description of that mapping can be found in section TEIImporter.

Pepper is a pluggable framework to convert a variety of linguistic formats (like TigerXML, the EXMARaLDA format, PAULA etc.) into each other. Furthermore Pepper uses Salt (see https://github.com/korpling/salt), the graph-based meta model for linguistic data, which acts as an intermediate model to reduce the number of mappings to be implemented. That means converting data from a format A to format B consists of two steps. First the data is mapped from format A to Salt and second from Salt to format B. This detour reduces the number of Pepper modules from n²-n (in the case of a direct mapping) to 2n to handle a number of n formats.

In Pepper there are three different types of modules:

• importers (to map a format A to a Salt model)
• manipulators (to map a Salt model to a Salt model, e.g. to add additional annotations, to rename things to merge data etc.)
• exporters (to map a Salt model to a format B).

For a simple Pepper workflow you need at least one importer and one exporter.

Requirements

Since the here provided module is a plugin for Pepper, you need an instance of the Pepper framework. If you do not already have a running Pepper instance, click on the link below and download the latest stable version (not a SNAPSHOT):

Note: Pepper is a Java based program, therefore you need to have at least Java 7 (JRE or JDK) on your system. You can download Java from https://www.oracle.com/java/index.html or http://openjdk.java.net/ .

Install module

If this Pepper module is not yet contained in your Pepper distribution, you can easily install it. Just open a command line and start pepper.

Windows

pepperStart.bat

Linux/Unix

bash pepperStart.sh

Then type in command is and the path from where to install the module:

pepper> update de.hu_berlin.german.korpling.saltnpepper::pepperModules-TEIModules::https://korpling.german.hu-berlin.de/maven2/

Usage

To use this module in your Pepper workflow, put the following lines into the workflow description file. Note the fixed order of xml elements in the workflow description file: <importer/>, <manipulator/>, <exporter/>. The TEIImporter is an importer module, which can be addressed by one of the following alternatives. A detailed description of the Pepper workflow can be found on the Pepper project site.

a) Identify the module by name

<importer name="TEIImporter" path="PATH_TO_CORPUS"/>

b) Identify the module by formats

<importer formatName="xml" formatVersion="1.0" path="PATH_TO_CORPUS"/>

c) Use properties

<importer name="TEIImporter" path="PATH_TO_CORPUS">
  <property key="PROPERTY_NAME">PROPERTY_VALUE</property>
</importer>

Contribute

Since this Pepper module is under a free license, please feel free to fork it from github and improve the module. If you even think that others can benefit from your improvements, don't hesitate to make a pull request, so that your changes can be merged. If you have found any bugs, or have some feature request, please open an issue on github. If you need any help, please write an e-mail to saltnpepper@lists.hu-berlin.de .

Funders

This project has been funded by the department of corpus linguistics and morphology of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Georgetown University, KOMeT and the Sonderforschungsbereich 632.

License

Copyright 2014 Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

TEIImporter

The TEIImporter imports data coming from TEI-XML files to a Salt model. This importer provides a wide range of customization possibilities via the here described set of properties. Before we talk about the possibility of customizing the mapping, we describe the general and default mapping from TEI to a Salt model.

Mapping to Salt

The fact that TEI is a XML-format results in the decision to primarily use tree-like structures in Salt (SStructure) that conserve hierarchies. There are two important exceptions to this: Tokens and the unary "break" elements like <lb> and <pb> (these cannot be mapped to trees because their semantic does not fit into XML hierarchie). For these elements spans (SSpan) are used. Tokens in TEI can be defined and interpreted in many different ways and thus customization through properties deals with the problems occuring because of this.

Metadata

Metadata in Salt are represented by attribute-value pairs (having a name and a value). Since metadata in TEI can occur in very deep structures like

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <title>Gospel According to Mark</title>
                <author>Mark the Evangelist</author>
            </titleStmt>
        </fileDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    ...

they need to be flattened, e.g. to

/fileDesc/titleStmt/title = "Gospel According to Mark"
/fileDesc/titleStmt/author = "Mark the Evangelist"

A metadata key in Salt like can only be used once. If for some reason (e.g. by using a property) a metadata name is used for a second time, the TEIImporter will ignore the second usage and give a warning.

Default Metadata Mapping

Long metadata names can be very annoying, therefore they can be shortened by using the metadata.rename property. In addition to that, the following metadata names are shortened by default:

TEI-Path	Shortened Salt Name
/fileDesc/titleStmt/title	title
/fileDesc/titleStmt/author	author

Properties

Because TEI is a very complex format the behaviour of the TEIImporter depends to a great extent on the properties that you can use to customize the behaviour of the TEIImporter. The following table contains an overview of all usable properties to customize the behaviour of the TEIImporter. The following section contains a close description to each single property and describes the resulting differences in the mapping to the Salt model.

Name of property	Type of property	optional/mandatory	default value
annotation.default.remove	Boolean	optional	false
annotation.element.rename	String	optional
annotation.namespace	Boolean	optional	false
annotation.token.span	Boolean	optional	false
annotation.value.rename	String	optional
element.foreign.token	Boolean	optional	true
element.generic.attribute	Boolean	optional	true
element.generic.node	span | struct | false	optional	struct
element.surplus.remove	Boolean	optional	true
element.unclear.token	Boolean	optional	true
metadata.lastpartonly	Boolean	optional	false
metadata.redundant.remove	Boolean	optional	false
metadata.remove	Boolean	optional	false
metadata.remove.list	String	optional
metadata.rename	String	optional
token.tokenization.defaulttag	Boolean	optional	false
token.tokenization.sub	Boolean	optional	true
token.tokenize	Boolean	optional	false
token.tokenize.lang	String	optional	en

annotation.default.remove

By default there is an annotation added to each node to indicate which element is responsible for this node. This flag disables adding these annotations.

For example this

<p>In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,</p><phr>and the Word was God.</phr>

would result in two nodes containing the text and the annotations, here marked with curly brackets:

[Node1]{p=p}: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,
[Node2]{phr=phr}: and the Word was God.

By enabling this property no such annotation would be created:

[Node1]: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,
[Node2]: and the Word was God.

annotation.element.rename

A large number of annotations in Salt comes from the element names existing in TEI. To be able to differentiate, e.g. two hierarchical nodes coming first from <p> and a second from <phr>,

<p>In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,</p><phr>and the Word was God.</phr>

a generic annotation is used. The default is to use the element-name. The annotation.element.rename flag allows for customizing the key of such an annotation. The following format has to be met:

annotation.element.rename = p:PNAME;phr:Phrase

While the default would look like this:

[Node1]{p=p}: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,
[Node2]{phr=phr}: and the Word was God.

Using the examplary renamings results in:

[Node1]{PNAME=p}: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,
[Node2]{Phrase=phr}: and the Word was God.

annotation.namespace

To differentiate annotations with the same name, it is possible to add the namespace coming from TEI to annotations. Example:

<a attr="good"> text </a> <b attr="good"> text </b>

Here, enabling this flag would add the namespaces "a" and "b" to the "attr=good" annotations:

a:attr=good
b:attr=good

annotation.token.span

Sometimes tokens are annotated directly. This flag enables adding these annotations as spans (SSpan). By default, token annotations are not added as spans.

annotation.value.rename

The annotation.value.rename flag is very similar to annotation.element.rename, beside here the annotation value can be customized. The format is:

The following format has to be met:

annotation.element.rename = pb:PVALUE;phr:Phrase

While the default would look like this:

[Node1]{p=p}: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,
[Node2]{phr=phr}: and the Word was God.

Using the examplary renamings results in:

[Node1]{p=PVALUE}: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,
[Node2]{phr=Phrase}: and the Word was God.

element.foreign.token

By default this flag imports the text node inside of a <foreign> element as a token. By setting this property to "false" you can make the TEIImporter ignore the element.

In case of "false" these examples will be treated identically:

<p>And seeing the <foreign xml:lang="la">multitudes</foreign>, he went up into a mountain:
 </p>

<p>And seeing the multitudes, he went up into a mountain:
 </p>

element.generic.attribute

By default, attributes to elements without nongeneric handling are added. To disable adding these attributes, disable this flag.

element.generic.node

By default elements without a nongeneric handling in the importer are added as hierarchical nodes. You can also import them as spans (by setting the property to "span") or ignore (by setting the property to "false") them.

element.generic.node = span
element.generic.node = false

Values different to "struct", "span" or "false" will make the importer ignore elements without a nongeneric handling as well. The default value is "struct".

element.surplus.remove

This property determines the behaviour of the TEIImporter regarding the element <surplus>. If it is set to "true", the text node will be ignored. If it is set to "false", the text node will be imported as a token. The default value is "true".

element.unclear.token

By default this flag imports the text node inside of a <unclear> element as a token. By setting this property to "false" you can make the TEIImporter ignore the element.

In case of "false" these examples will be treated identically:

<p>In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God,
and the <unclear reason="illegible">Word</unclear> was God.
 </p>

<p>In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
 </p>

metadata.lastpartonly

Enabling this flag triggers the deletion of everything from metadata keys aside from the part after the last '/'. The same goes for attributes, only the attribute name is kept.

For example, this

/fileDesc/publicationStmt/date

would become:

date

metadata.redundant.remove

When handling metadata, the TEIImporter uses default mappings and mappings you set. This flag decides whether more than one SMetaAnnotation can contain the same information when metadata mappings are used. If set to "false", redudant metadata will not be deleted. By default redundant metadata are removed.

In case of a mapping like:

annotation.element.rename=/fileDesc/titleStmt/author:author

and TEI-XML like:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <titleStmt>
                <author>Joseph Addison</author>
            </titleStmt>
        </fileDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    ...

By default only this metadate would be created:

author:Joseph Addison

If this property is set to "false", the following would be the result:

/fileDesc/titleStmt/author:Joseph Addison
author:Joseph Addison

metadata.remove.list

Here you can define a list of names to be omitted. Names have to be separated by ";", e.g.:

metadata.remove.list = bibl;date;/fileDesc/publicationStmt/pubPlace

In case there are multiple elements with the same name e.g.:

<a>
	<b/>
    <b/>
    <b/>
</a>

you can either ignore them all via:

metadata.remove.list = a/b

or ignore specific elements by using the position of the elements e.g.:

metadata.remove.list = a/b[2]

Here the second occurrence is ignored.

metadata.rename

In addition to (or even replacing) the default metadata name mappings you can set your own metadata name mappings with this flag. The following example illustrates this:

<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
    <teiHeader>
        <fileDesc>
            <sourceDesc>
                <pubPlace>Berlin</pubPlace>
            </sourceDesc>
        </fileDesc>
    </teiHeader>
    ...

metadata.rename = /fileDesc/sourceDesc/pubPlace:Place;/fileDesc/titleStmt/author:Author

this would lead to this created metadate:

Place = Berlin

token.tokenization.defaulttag

You declare that there is one and only one element responsible for mapping tokens to Salt. Default is <w>. In this case token.tokenization.sub should be disabled, otherwise unexpected behaviour may occur.

token.tokenization.sub

By default, the text nodes between elements will be imported as tokens everywhere. This option should only be disabled if you can guarantee that there is no text outside of the <w>-element or if you can get over losing parts of the primary text.

token.tokenize

This option is useful, if your TEI document contains sections of text that are not tokenized. By default, text will not be tokenized by the TEIImporter. Using the tokenizer will slow the processing by a considerable amount of time.

token.tokenize.lang

The tokenizer currently supports four languages: English, German, Italian, French. To choose a language, use the respective ISO 639-1 language code (en, de, it, fr). If no value or a non-supported value is set, the tokenizer will default to English. The tokenizer produces good results for other languages besides those four as well, the main problem would be missing lists for abbreviations.

Elements with nongeneric Handling (beside metadata)

element name
text
body
lb
pb
w
phr
head
figure
div
p
foreign
m
unclear
surplus
gap
surplus