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PoPETs Artifact Review

We submit the research artifacts of our paper Who Can Find My Devices? Security and Privacy of Apple's Crowd-Sourced Bluetooth Location Tracking System to the PoPETs Artifact Review process. Our submission includes (1) the experimental evaluation of the offline finding system in Section 7 of our paper and (2) the PoC implementation of the attack presented in Section 10. The OpenHaystack framework in this repository goes beyond the contributions made in our PoPETs paper and, therefore, is not part of our submission. However, we invite the reviewers to test this code as well.

Location Report Accuracy (Section 7)

We provide the raw data and evaluation scripts used for the experimental evaluation of the offline finding system in Section 7 of our paper. The code should be self-explanatory and generates Figures 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 11 and Tables 5, 6, and 7 of our paper.

Requirements

  • Web browser to run the code via the online Binder service
    Alternative: Python environment to run the code locally

Instructions

We implement all code in a single Jupyter notebook provided in an external repository. Please refer to the included README file for detailed instructions: https://github.com/seemoo-lab/offline-finding-evaluation.

Unauthorized Access of Location History (Section 10)

We provide a proof-of-concept (PoC) implementation of the attack presented in Section 10 of our paper. The PoC consists of two parts: (1) the application that reads the private keys from the victim's device and (2) the application that downloads and decrypts the corresponding location reports.

Requirements

Since our PoC targets a fixed vulnerability in macOS 10.15.7, the reviewer requires a device that is vulnerable to the attack. A second Apple device is required to trigger the generation and synchronization of keys. In summary, the reviewer needs

  • a macOS device running macOS 10.15.6 or earlier (provided as a VM) and
  • a second iOS (>=13.0) or macOS (>=10.15.0) device.

Both devices need to be logged into the same iCloud account, and both participate in Apple's Find My network (see Apple's official documentation).

Instructions

The PoC consists of two applications that are needed: OFReadKeys and OFFetchReports. OFReadKeys is the malicious application installed by a user. The user needs to install this application manually. OFFetchReports must run on the attacker's Mac. We provide the schematic overview from our paper below. For testing, both applications can also be installed on the same machine, which we describe in the following.

Attack flow

Preparation: disable SIP and AMFI

The attacker machine needs to have system integrity protection (SIP) and AMFI disabled. This allows OFFetchReports to access Apple account tokens necessary to authenticate at iCloud to download location reports.

  1. Boot macOS into recovery mode (hold ⌘+R during boot).
  2. Open Terminal (from the Utilities drop-down menu).
  3. Execute csrutil disable in Terminal to disable SIP.
  4. Execute nvram boot-args="amfi_get_out_of_my_way=0x1" to disable AMFI.
  5. Reboot macOS normally.

Reading keys

  1. Open the Xcode project in CVE-2020-9986/OFReadKeys.
  2. Run the OFReadKeys target.
  3. Export the advertisement keys using the single button to a file.

Fetching reports

  1. Run the Run OFFetchReports target.
  2. Import the exported key file via drag and drop.
  3. Watch OFFetchReports downloading and decrypting the location reports.