zhihuClient.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: LoveNight
# @Date:   2015-12-01 15:54:22
# @Last Modified by:   LoveNight
# @Last Modified time: 2015-12-14 17:42:04
import requests
import time
import json
import os
import re
import sys
import subprocess
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as BS


class ZhiHuClient(object):

    """连接知乎的工具类，维护一个Session
    2015.11.11
    """

    # 网址参数是账号类型
    TYPE_PHONE_NUM = "phone_num"
    TYPE_EMAIL = "email"
    loginURL = r"http://www.zhihu.com/login/{0}"
    homeURL = r"http://www.zhihu.com"
    captchaURL = r"http://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif"

    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.71 Safari/537.36",
        "Host": "www.zhihu.com",
        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",
    }

    captchaFile = os.path.join(sys.path[0], "captcha.gif")
    cookieFile = os.path.join(sys.path[0], "cookie")

    def __init__(self):
        os.chdir(sys.path[0])  # 设置脚本所在目录为当前工作目录

        self.__session = requests.Session()
        self.__session.headers = self.headers  # 用self调用类变量是防止将来类改名
        # 若已经有 cookie 则直接登录
        self.__cookie = self.__loadCookie()
        if self.__cookie:
            print("检测到cookie文件，直接使用cookie登录")
            self.__session.cookies.update(self.__cookie)
        else:
            print("没有找到cookie文件，请调用login方法登录一次！")

    # 登录
    def login(self, username, password):
        """
        验证码错误返回：
        {'errcode': 1991829, 'r': 1, 'data': {'captcha': '请提交正确的验证码 :('}, 'msg': '请提交正确的验证码 :('}
        登录成功返回：
        {'r': 0, 'msg': '登陆成功'}
        """
        self.__username = username
        self.__password = password
        self.__loginURL = self.loginURL.format(self.__getUsernameType())
        # 随便开个网页，获取登陆所需的_xsrf
        html = self.open(self.homeURL).text
        soup = BS(html, "lxml")  # 需要第三方库lxml，也可以用标准库中的html.parser
        _xsrf = soup.find("input", {"name": "_xsrf"})["value"]
        # 下载验证码图片
        while True:
            captcha = self.open(self.captchaURL).content
            with open(self.captchaFile, "wb") as output:
                output.write(captcha)
            # 人眼识别
            print("=" * 50)
            print("已打开验证码图片，请识别！")
            subprocess.call(self.captchaFile, shell=True)
            captcha = input("请输入验证码：")
            os.remove(self.captchaFile)
            # 发送POST请求
            data = {
                "_xsrf": _xsrf,
                "password": self.__password,
                "remember_me": "true",
                self.__getUsernameType(): self.__username,
                "captcha": captcha
            }
            res = self.__session.post(self.__loginURL, data=data)
            print("=" * 50)
            # print(res.json()) # 输出脚本信息，调试用
            if res.json()["r"] == 0:
                print("登录成功")
                self.__saveCookie()
                break
            else:
                print("登录失败")
                print("错误信息 --->", res.json()["msg"])

    def __getUsernameType(self):
        """判断用户名类型
        经测试，网页的判断规则是纯数字为phone_num，其他为email
        """
        if self.__username.isdigit():
            return self.TYPE_PHONE_NUM
        return self.TYPE_EMAIL

    def __saveCookie(self):
        """cookies 序列化到文件
        即把dict对象转化成字符串保存
        """
        with open(self.cookieFile, "w") as output:
            cookies = self.__session.cookies.get_dict()
            json.dump(cookies, output)
            print("=" * 50)
            print("已在同目录下生成cookie文件：", self.cookieFile)

    def __loadCookie(self):
        """读取cookie文件，返回反序列化后的dict对象，没有则返回None"""
        if os.path.exists(self.cookieFile):
            print("=" * 50)
            with open(self.cookieFile, "r") as f:
                cookie = json.load(f)
                return cookie
        return None

    def open(self, url, delay=0, timeout=10):
        """打开网页，返回Response对象"""
        if delay:
            time.sleep(delay)
        return self.__session.get(url, timeout=timeout)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    client = ZhiHuClient()
    # 第一次使用时需要调用此方法登录一次，生成cookie文件
    # 以后可以跳过这一步
    # client.login(username, password)
    print(client.open(r"http://www.zhihu.com/").text)