biodiversity.ps

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%!PS-Adobe-3.0

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%% project : "Biodiversity (A PostScript Pattern Generator)"
%% version : "final"
%% date : "2009-09-13"
%% author : "Luka Tolitch"

%% This script here is just a personal first taste of the ".ps" (i.e. the postscript)!
%% I've been using the standard adobe's postscript "bluebook",
%% the 1985 "PostScript Language - Tutorial and Cookbook", available online.
%% Inspired by the introduction of the .ps recursions in chapter seven of that book,
%% I wrote the code below in order to generate some relatively interesting fractal
%% visual outputs. I wanted to simulate a collection of morphogenetical
%% classes that would present visual structures balancing between natural (phytomorphic), and
%% more regular (tectonic) general visual outcomes. I had a specific interest in
%% a possible narrowing down of the border between this two classes of forms.
%% but since the "bluebook" (which, of course, is not a complete coverage
%% of the .ps syntax, nor of the .ps programming methods) was my only reference at the time of writing,
%% I've used only the most basic structures throughout the code.
%% It works, but i've been unable to implement certain obvious improvements (the
%% "for" loops in recursions, or the "random" methods, for example). Therefore,
%% this version of the script remains highly inflexible (for instance, the number of
%% branches in a fractal is immutable!). I will learn more soon and rewrite
%% the code below so that all the necessary criteria are met.
%% Also, I didn't have the time to comment each important line of the code, but
%% the C++ concepts of "public" and "private" helped a lot in organizing it.
%% I've even borowed the "namespace" paradigm in order to keep the variables'
%% names as manageable as possible. Using one programming paradigm's habits when
%% working with a language of another type is wrong, but my object oriented experience
%% served here more on a metalanguage level, as the organizing trick mentioned.
%% All the different examples of fractals, collected by type in the .pdf file
%% were obtained by systematic variation of input parameters in this single script.
%% If you have the time and interest to experiment, consider the commented 'public' variables
%% that you can play with.
%% Since all the examples collected in the .pdf file have these parameters displayed
%% with them (they are indeed 'open source'!), you can use them to get a feeling
%% of what does what (a sort of a reverse-ingeneering, i guess).

%%------------------------------------------------------

%% FORMAT (default namespace):

	%% PRIVATE:

	/WIDTH 612 def	%% default format width (US Letter width: 612px = (216mm >> inches)/72dpi )
	/HEIGHT 792 def	%% default format height (US Letter height: 792px = (279mm >> inches)/72dpi)

%%------------------------------------------------------

%% BACKGROUND ("bg_" namespace):
	
	%% PUBLIC:

	/bg_gray .333 def		%% background gray level
	/bg_out 0 def		%% outline T/F toggle
	/bg_out_gray 1.0 def	%% outline gray level
	/bg_out_lw 1 def		%% outline line width

%%------------------------------------------------------

%% FRACTAL ("fract_" namespace):

	%% FRACTAL DEPTH:

		%% PUBLIC:

		/fract_depth 5 def	%% number of fractal recursions (the "depth" of the fractal)

	%% INITIAL FRACTAL ORIENTATION:

		%% PUBLIC:

		/fract_init_trans [310 100] def	%% initial x & y translation
		/fract_init_rot 0 def			%% initial rotation
		/fract_init_scale [1 1] def		%% initial x & y scale factors

		%% PRIVATE:

		/fract_Init	%% apply initial transformations
		{
			fract_init_trans 0 get fract_init_trans 1 get translate
			fract_init_rot rotate
			fract_init_scale 0 get fract_init_scale 1 get scale
		}def

	%% INITIAL FRACTAL SHAPE PARAMETERS:

		%% PUBLIC:

		/fract_size 130 def			%% initial element size
		/fract_sizemul [.333 1] def		%% initial element horizontal & vertical size factors

		/fract_fill 0 def				%% initial fill/outline toggle (for shapes that support it)
		/fract_round 4 def			%% initial roundness toggle (for shapes that support it)
		/fract_lw 16 def				%% initial line width
		/fract_lc 1 def				%% initial line cap style: 0 = none, 1 = round, 2 = square
		/fract_lj 1 def				%% initial line join style (for shapes): 0 = none, 1 = round, 2 = square

		%% PRIVATE:

		/fract_width fract_sizemul 0 get fract_size mul def		%% initial element horizontal size
		/fract_height fract_sizemul 1 get fract_size mul def		%% initial element vertical size
		/fract_width_round fract_width fract_round 2 mul sub def	%% size of horitontal straight segments of rounded shapes
		/fract_height_round fract_height fract_round 2 mul sub def	%% size of vertical straight segments of rounded shapes

	%% FRACTAL BRANCHING PARAMETERS ("fract_brn_" namespace):

		%% PUBLIC:

		/fract_brn_trans [ [0 0 0] [.333 0 0] ] def	%% branch x & y translation values
		/fract_brn_rot [33 -3 -75] def				%% branch rotation values
		/fract_brn_scale [.6 .8 .7] def				%% branch uniform scale factors

		%% PRIVATE:
		
		/fract_brn_Transform %% apply current (i-th) branch transformations
		{
			%% stack: <i>
			/i exch def

			/tx fract_brn_trans 0 get i get fract_width mul def
			/ty fract_brn_trans 1 get i get fract_height mul neg def
			tx ty translate

			fract_brn_rot i get rotate
			fract_brn_scale i get dup scale
		}def

		/fract_brn_Reset %% reset current (i-th) branch transformations
		{
			%% stack: <i>
			/i exch def

			1 fract_brn_scale i get div dup scale
			fract_brn_rot i get neg rotate

			/tx fract_brn_trans 0 get i get fract_width mul neg def
			/ty fract_brn_trans 1 get i get fract_height mul def
			tx ty translate
		}def

%%------------------------------------------------------

%% HSB COLOR GRADIENT ("hsb_" namespace):

	%% PUBLIC:

	/hsb_begin	[0.125 1.0 1.0]	def	%% hsb begin values (each in real [0,1] range)
	/hsb_end	[0.0 0.4666 0.6]	def	%% hsb end values (each in real [0,1] range)

	%% PRIVATE:

	/hsb_incr	[.0 .0 .0]	def	%% hsb increment values
	/hsb_current [.0 .0 .0]	def	%% hsb current values

	/hsb_Init %% initialize hsb_incr & hsb_current, the gradient's linear interpolations
	{
		/i 0 def
		0 1 2
		{
			/hsb_incr hsb_incr i hsb_end i get hsb_begin i get sub fract_depth 1 sub div put	%% hsb_incr init
			/hsb_current hsb_current i hsb_begin i get put							%% hsb_current init
			/i i 1 add def
		}for
	}def

	/hsb_Increment %% increment/decrement hsb_current (1 = increment, -1 decrement)
	{
		%% stack: <direction>
		/direction exch def

		/i 0 def
		0 1 2
		{
			/hsb_current hsb_current i hsb_current i get hsb_incr i get direction mul add put	%% increment
			/i i 1 add def
		}for
	}def

%%------------------------------------------------------

%% "PRINT" ("pt_" namespace):

	%% PUBLIC:

	/pt_scalefont 8 def								%% font size
	/pt_project ("a_simple_ps_fractal_gradient_generator") def		%% project name string
	/pt_version (final_v001_i001) def						%% version string
	/pt_date (2009-09-13) def							%% date string
	/pt_script ("Fract_Final_v001_i001.ps") def				%% this script's filename string
	/pt_psversion (3.0) def								%% postscript version used string
	/pt_author (L09x00.) def							%% author name string

	%% PRIVATE:

	/pt_xpos pt_scalefont def				%% initial print x position
	/pt_ypos HEIGHT pt_scalefont 2 mul sub def	%% initial print y position
	/pt_key bg_gray .25 add def				%% gray level for "keys"
	/pt_value bg_gray .425 add def			%% gray level for "values"
	/pt_stringmax 50 def					%% maximum string length (for new string construction)


	/pt_Newline { /pt_ypos pt_ypos pt_scalefont sub def }def	%% "newline" the current y printing position
	/pt_Indent { /pt_xpos pt_xpos pt_scalefont add def }def	%% indent the current x printing position
	/pt_Dedent { /pt_xpos pt_xpos pt_scalefont sub def }def	%% dedent the current x printing position

	/pt_PrintPair
	{
		%% stack: <key_string,value>
		/value exch def
		/key_string exch def

		pt_xpos pt_ypos moveto

		pt_key setgray
		key_string show

		pt_value setgray
		/value_string pt_stringmax string def
		value value_string cvs show

		pt_Newline
	}def

	/pt_PrintPair_xy
	{
		%% stack: <x,y,key_string,value>
		/value exch def
		/key_string exch def
		/y exch def
		/x exch def

		x y moveto

		pt_key setgray
		key_string show
	
		pt_value setgray
		/value_string pt_stringmax string def
		value value_string cvs show
	}def

	/pt_PrintPair_array
	{
		%% stack: <key_string,an_array>
		/an_array exch def
		/key_string exch def

		pt_xpos pt_ypos moveto
	
		pt_key setgray
		key_string show

		pt_value setgray
		/array_string pt_stringmax string def
		([ ) show
			/i an_array length def
			an_array
			{
				array_string cvs show
				/i i 1 sub def
				i 0 gt
				{
					(,  ) show
				}if
			}forall
		( ]) show

		pt_Newline

	}def

	/pt_PrintInfos %% just prints out the generator's parameters and the author header
	{
		/Times findfont
		pt_scalefont scalefont
		setfont

		(----------------------------------------) () pt_PrintPair

		() (TITLE :	) pt_PrintPair
		pt_Indent
		(project : ) pt_project pt_PrintPair
		(version : ) pt_version pt_PrintPair
		(date : ) pt_date pt_PrintPair
		(script : ) pt_script pt_PrintPair
		(postscript version : ) pt_psversion pt_PrintPair
		(author : ) pt_author pt_PrintPair
		pt_Dedent

		(----------------------------------------) () pt_PrintPair

		() (FORMAT :) pt_PrintPair
		pt_Indent
		(format size (px) = ) [WIDTH HEIGHT] pt_PrintPair_array
		pt_Dedent

		() (BACKGROUND :) pt_PrintPair
		pt_Indent
		(background gray = ) bg_gray pt_PrintPair
		(background outline toggle = ) bg_out pt_PrintPair
		(background outline gray = ) bg_out_gray pt_PrintPair
		(background outline line width = ) bg_out_lw pt_PrintPair
		pt_Dedent

		(----------------------------------------) () pt_PrintPair

		() (FRACTAL INITIALS:) pt_PrintPair
		pt_Indent
		(depth = ) fract_depth pt_PrintPair

		(initial translation = ) [fract_init_trans 0 get fract_init_trans 1 get] pt_PrintPair_array
		(initial rotation = ) fract_init_rot pt_PrintPair
		(initial scale factors = ) [fract_init_scale 0 get fract_init_scale 1 get] pt_PrintPair_array

		(initial shape size = ) fract_size pt_PrintPair
		(initial shape width & height factors = ) [fract_sizemul 0 get fract_sizemul 1 get] pt_PrintPair_array

		(initial shape fill toggle = ) fract_fill pt_PrintPair
		(initial shape roundness amount = ) fract_round pt_PrintPair
		(initial shape line width = ) fract_lw pt_PrintPair
		(initial shape line cap style  = ) fract_lc pt_PrintPair
		(initial shape line join style  = ) fract_lj pt_PrintPair
		pt_Dedent

		() (FRACTAL BRANCHING:) pt_PrintPair
		pt_Indent
		(x translation factors = ) fract_brn_trans 0 get pt_PrintPair_array
		(y translation factors = ) fract_brn_trans 1 get pt_PrintPair_array
		(rotation = ) fract_brn_rot pt_PrintPair_array
		(scale factors = ) fract_brn_scale pt_PrintPair_array
		pt_Dedent

		(----------------------------------------) () pt_PrintPair

		() (HSB COLOR GRADIENT :) pt_PrintPair
		pt_Indent
		(HSB begin vector = ) hsb_begin pt_PrintPair_array
		(HSB end vector = ) hsb_end pt_PrintPair_array
		(HSB increment vector = ) hsb_incr pt_PrintPair_array
		pt_Dedent

		(----------------------------------------) () pt_PrintPair

	}def

%%------------------------------------------------------

%% "DRAW" PROCEDURES ("draw_" namespace):
	
	%% PRIVATE:

	/draw_Bgrnd
	{
		newpath
			0 0 moveto
			WIDTH 0 rlineto
			0 HEIGHT rlineto
			WIDTH neg 0 rlineto
		closepath
		gsave

		bg_gray setgray
		fill

		bg_out 1 eq
		{
			grestore
			bg_out_gray setgray
			bg_out_lw setlinewidth
			stroke
		}if

	}def

	/draw_Line
	{
		0 0 moveto
		0 fract_height rlineto
	
		fract_lw setlinewidth
		fract_lc setlinecap
		hsb_current aload pop sethsbcolor
		stroke	

		0 fract_height translate
	}def

	/draw_Tri %% draw outlined/filled triangle
	{
		0 0 moveto
		fract_width 2 div fract_height rlineto
		fract_width neg 0 rlineto
		closepath
	
		hsb_current aload pop sethsbcolor

		fract_fill 0 eq{
			fract_lw setlinewidth
			fract_lc setlinecap
			fract_lj setlinejoin
			stroke
		}
		{
			fill	
		}ifelse

		0 fract_height translate

	}def

	/draw_Rect %% draw outlined/filled rounded rectangle
	{

		newpath
			fract_width 2 div neg fract_round moveto
			0 0 0 -1 fract_round mul fract_round -1 fract_round mul rcurveto
			fract_width_round 0 rlineto
			0 0 fract_round 0 fract_round fract_round rcurveto
			0 fract_height_round rlineto
			0 0 0 fract_round -1 fract_round mul fract_round rcurveto
			-1 fract_width_round mul 0 rlineto
			0 0 -1 fract_round mul 0 -1 fract_round mul -1 fract_round mul rcurveto
		closepath

		hsb_current aload pop sethsbcolor

		fract_fill 0 eq{
			fract_lw setlinewidth
			fract_lc setlinecap
			fract_lj setlinejoin
			stroke
		}
		{
			fill	
		}ifelse

		0 fract_height translate
	}def

	/draw_Fract
	{
		gsave

			draw_Line %% the nucleus shape of the fractal, one of the above (line, triangle, rectangle)

			1 hsb_Increment

			/fract_depth fract_depth 1 sub def

			fract_depth 0 gt{

				%% due to my present incomplete grasp of the .ps syntax,
				%% i'm unable to do "for" loops with(in) recursions!
				%% therefore, the three branch indices are set manually!

				0 fract_brn_Transform
				draw_Fract
				0 fract_brn_Reset

				1 fract_brn_Transform
				draw_Fract
				1 fract_brn_Reset

				2 fract_brn_Transform
				draw_Fract
				2 fract_brn_Reset

			}if

			/fract_depth fract_depth 1 add def

			-1 hsb_Increment

		grestore
	}def

%%------------------------------------------------------
%%------------------------------------------------------
%%------------------------------------------------------

%% MAIN:

hsb_Init %% initialize the HSB color gradient interpolations

draw_Bgrnd %% draw the background first

pt_PrintInfos %% then print out the author and generator informations

fract_Init %% do the initial coordinate transformations
draw_Fract %% and finally, draw the fractal

showpage

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