refactor: Implement msgspec encoding

[edgarrmondragon]

---

📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://meltano-sdk--2539.org.readthedocs.build/en/2539/

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #2539 will improve performances by ×13

_{Comparing edgarrmondragon/refactor/msgspec-impl (913bc83) with main (32c059b)}

Summary

⚡ 2 improvements
✅ 4 untouched benchmarks

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	main	edgarrmondragon/refactor/msgspec-impl	Change
⚡	test_bench_deserialize_json	24.2 ms	11.1 ms	×2.2
⚡	test_bench_format_message	53.5 ms	4.1 ms	×13

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 68.75000% with 20 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 89.14%. Comparing base (32c059b) to head (913bc83).

Files	Patch %	Lines
singer_sdk/_singerlib/encoding/_msgspec.py	68.75%	20 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2539      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.41%   89.14%   -0.28%     
==========================================
  Files          58       59       +1     
  Lines        4781     4845      +64     
  Branches      933      937       +4     
==========================================
+ Hits         4275     4319      +44     
- Misses        353      373      +20     
  Partials      153      153              

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