Modern Computer Architecture and Organization Second Edition, by Jim Ledin. Published by Packt Publishing.
This chapter begins with an introduction to the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor, used extensively in memory circuits and in most other modern digital devices. We then examine the design of computer memory circuits based on MOS transistors and their interface to the processor. We'll look at modern computer input/output interfaces, with a focus on the use of high-speed serial communication within the computer's case, as well as over cable connections to external peripherals. The functional requirements of system I/O devices including the graphics display, network interface, keyboard, and mouse will be discussed. The chapter ends with a descriptive example of the specifications for a modern computer motherboard.
After completing this chapter, you will have a solid understanding of the hardware components of modern computer systems, from the technical specifications down to the circuit level. You will have learned how system memory is implemented, including the basics of caching. You will understand the mechanisms of efficient I/O operations, and how USB is used to connect the keyboard, mouse, and other I/O devices. You will understand the computer's network interface and will have become familiar with several examples of modern computer system architectures.
The following topics will be covered in this chapter:
- Memory subsystem
- Introducing the MOSFET
- Constructing DRAM circuits with MOSFETs
- Input/output subsystems
- Graphics display interfaces
- Network interface
- Keyboard and mouse
- Modern computer system specifications