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The Realm ABI Specification formally describes the protocol and encoding of interactions between realms and external clients, independently of their language. It can be seen as an extension of the [ABCI](https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/tree/master/spec/abci) which covers the protocol between blockchain nodes and clients, but without details on blockchain practical applications, such as realms. This PR addresses [gnolang#1842]. This is an initial draft commit, work in progress.
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| id: realm-abi | ||
| --- | ||
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| # GNO Realm ABI specification | ||
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| The GNO Realm Application Binary Interface (ABI) specifies the interface between realms (GNO smart contracts) and clients interacting with the realms. | ||
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| ## Overview and concepts | ||
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| Realms implement live programs on the blockchain, also called smart contracts. | ||
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| Each realm exists as a package, identified by its URL, and containing the realm source files. A realm has the following properties: | ||
| - Once deployed, the realm is autonomous and permanent: its code can not be modified, and it can not be stopped, but it may internally self-terminate (to be clarified). | ||
| - The realm state (i.e. the set of its global variables, public and private) is persistent (i.e. stored on the blockchain). | ||
| - The realm must execute in a deterministic way, so its execution on mutiple nodes always result in the same state and a consensus can be achieved. | ||
| - The realm exported types, functions and methods are usable by external clients in transactions. | ||
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| Realms are expressed in the Gno language, similar to Go, and represent the following kind of objects: | ||
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| - _Types_ which determine a set of values together with operations and methods specific to those values. | ||
| - _Values_ which are instances of types, used as variables, constants, function parameters or returned result. | ||
| - _Functions_ which implement logic to process parameters and return values of certain types. A function defined for a certain type is a _method_. | ||
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| To interact with a realm, the client connects to a node server (to be clarified), following the [ABCI] protocol. All the interactions between the realm and clients take place in ABCI transactions, called `Tx`. | ||
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| A client interaction with the realm may consist to: | ||
| - call a realm function with some parameters and getting results in response. The realm function may or not alter the realm state. The related ABCI methods are: [CheckTx] and [DeliverTx]. | ||
| - query the state of a realm, i.e. get the content of its exported objects by their name. Queries do not alter the realm state. The related ABCI method is [Query]. | ||
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| The ABCI protocol uses a [protobuf] encoding, with the `Tx` field containing the transaction content set as `bytes`. This document constitutes the extension to ABCI, describing `Tx`. | ||
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| ## Transaction generic data structures | ||
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| ### Coin | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |--------|--------|-------------|--------------| | ||
| | Denom | string | Coin name | 1 | | ||
| | Amount | int64 | amount | 2 | | ||
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| ### Fee | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |-----------|----------------|-----------------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | GasWanted | int64 | gas requested for the transaction | 1 | | ||
| | GasFee | [Coin](#coin) | gas payment fee | 2 | | ||
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| ### Signature | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |-----------|-------|-------------------|--------------| | ||
| | PubKey | bytes | signer public key | 1 | | ||
| | Signature | bytes | signature | 2 | | ||
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| ### Tx | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |------------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | Msgs | repeated string | [Message](#tx-messages) requests | 1 | | ||
| | Fee | [Fee](#fee) | fee | 2 | | ||
| | Signatures | repeated [Signature](#signature) | signatures | 3 | | ||
| | Memo | string | description | 4 | | ||
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| Usually, 2 fees are specified in `Tx`: | ||
| - the gas wanted: the gas requested for `Tx`, | ||
| - the gas fee: the gas payment fee. | ||
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| ## Tx messages | ||
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| `Tx` `Msgs` being protobuf strings, are encoded using a JSON representation. We describe here | ||
| only messages related to realms. | ||
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| ### MsgAddPkg | ||
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| Create and initialize a new package. | ||
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| In JSON, contains a first field `"@type": "/vm.m_addpkg"`. | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |---------|-------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | Creator | string | creator address name or Bech32 | 1 | | ||
| | Package | [Package](#package) | package definition to load | 2 | | ||
| | Deposit | repeated [Coin](#coin) | deposit | 3 | | ||
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| ### MsgCall | ||
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| Execute a Gno statement. | ||
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| In JSON, contains a first field `"@type": "/vm.m_call"`. | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |---------|------------------------|--------------------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | Caller | string | caller address name or Bech32 | 1 | | ||
| | Send | repeated [Coin](#coin) | amount to pay | 2 | | ||
| | PkgPath | string | package path of the function to call | 3 | | ||
| | Func | string | function name | 4 | | ||
| | Args | repeated string | function arguments | 5 | | ||
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| ### MsgRun | ||
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| Load and execute a GNO program. The code resides in a `main` package with no exports (can not be called externally), it is only executed once. | ||
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| In JSON, contains a first field `"@type": "/vm.m_run"`. | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |---------|------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | Caller | string | caller address name or Bech32 | 1 | | ||
| | Send | repeated [Coin](#coin) | amount to pay | 2 | | ||
| | Package | [Package](#package) | package definition to load. package name must be `main` | 3 | | ||
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| ### Package | ||
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| Definition of package content, as used in [MsgAddPkg](#msgaddpkg) and [MsgRun](#msgrun) | ||
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| | Name | Type | Descritption | Field Number | | ||
| |------|------------------------------|------------------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | Name | string | package name declared by `package` | 1 | | ||
| | Path | string | import path | 2 | | ||
| | Files| repeated [MemFile](#memfile) | gno source files | 3 | | ||
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| ### MemFile | ||
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| Definition of a gno package file, used in [Package](#package) | ||
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| | Name | Type | Descritption | Field Number | | ||
| |------|--------|----------------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | Name | string | base file name, ending in `.gno` | 1 | | ||
| | Body | string | file content (gno source) | 2 | | ||
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| ## Realm Types and Values Encoding | ||
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| Code reference: `gnovm/pkg/gnolang/gnolang.proto` | ||
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| ### TypedValue | ||
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| In JSON, contains a first field `"@type": "/gno.TypedValue"`. | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |------|-------|-----------------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | T | Any | type | 1 | | ||
| | V | Any | value | 2 | | ||
| | N | Bytes | numeric bytes (for integers only) | 3 | | ||
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| ### PointerValue | ||
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| In JSON, contains a first field `"@type": "/gno.PointerValue"`. | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |-------|---------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | TV | [TypedValue](#typedvalue) | typed value | 1 | | ||
| | Base | Any | Array or Struct base value | 2 | | ||
| | Index | int64 | List or fields or values index | 3 | | ||
| | Key | [TypedValue](#typedvalue) | for maps (optional in JSON) | 4 | | ||
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| ### ArrayValue | ||
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| In JSON, contains a first field `"@type": "/gno.ArrayValue"`. | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |------------|------------------------------------|-------------------|--------------| | ||
| | ObjectInfo | [ObjectInfo](#objectinfo) | object info | 1 | | ||
| | List | repeated [TypedValue](#typedvalue) | elements of array | 2 | | ||
| | Data | bytes | internal data | 3 | | ||
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| ### SliceValue | ||
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| In JSON, contains a first field `"@type": "/gno.SliceValue"`. | ||
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| | Name | Type | Description | Field Number | | ||
| |--------|-------|----------------------------|--------------| | ||
| | Base | Any | Array or Struct base value | 1 | | ||
| | Offset | int64 | offset | 2 | | ||
| | Length | int64 | length | 3 | | ||
| | MaxCap | int64 | maximum capacity | 4 | | ||
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| ### StructValue | ||
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| ### FuncValue | ||
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| ### MapValue | ||
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| ### MapList | ||
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| ### MapListItem | ||
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| ### TypeValue | ||
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| ### TypeType | ||
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| ### RefType | ||
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| ### StructType | ||
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| ### DeclaredType | ||
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| ### InterfaceType | ||
| ` | ||
| [ABCI]: https://github.com/tendermint/tendermint/tree/master/spec/abci | ||
| [CheckTx]: https://github.com/tendermint/spec/blob/master/spec/abci/abci.md#checktx-1 | ||
| [DeliverTx]: https://github.com/tendermint/spec/blob/master/spec/abci/abci.md#delivertx-1 | ||
| [Query]: https://github.com/tendermint/spec/blob/master/spec/abci/abci.md#query-1 | ||
| [protobuf]: https://protobuf.dev |