upi_pay

Find installed UPI payment apps on your phone and make payments using any one of them.

Package implements UPI Deep Linking And Proximity Integration Specification.

Android	iOS

Getting Started

Add this package to your flutter project's pubspec.yaml as a dependency as follows:

dependencies:
  ...
  upi_pay: ^1.0.1

Import the package as follows:

import 'package:upi_pay/upi_pay.dart';

iOS configuration

In Runner/Info.plist add or modify the LSApplicationQueriesSchemes key so it includes custom query schemes shown as follows:

  <key>LSApplicationQueriesSchemes</key>
  <array>
    ...
    <string>freecharge</string>
    <string>gpay</string>
    <string>in.fampay.app</string>
    <string>lotza</string>
    <string>mobikwik</string>
    <string>paytm</string>
    <string>phonepe</string>
    <string>upi</string>
    <string>upibillpay</string>
    <string>whatsapp</string>
    ...
  </array>

Usage

Get list of installed apps

final List<ApplicationMeta> appMetaList = await UpiPay.getInstalledUpiApps();

Show an app's details

Widget appWidget(ApplicationMeta appMeta) {
  return Column(
    mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
    children: <Widget>[
      appMeta.iconImage(48), // Logo
      Container(
        margin: EdgeInsets.only(top: 4),
        alignment: Alignment.center,
        child: Text(
          appMeta.application.getAppName(),
          textAlign: TextAlign.center,
        ),
      ),
    ],
  );
}

Do a UPI transaction

Future doUpiTransation(ApplicationMeta appMeta) {
  final UpiTransactionResponse response = await UpiPay.initiateTransaction(
    amount: '100.00',
    app: appMeta.application,
    receiverName: 'John Doe',
    receiverUpiAddress: 'john@doe',
    transactionRef: 'UPITXREF0001',
    transactionNote: 'A UPI Transaction',
  );
  print(response.status);
}

Behaviour, Limitations & Measures

Android

Flow

• On Android, the UPI Deep Linking And Proximity Integration Specification is implemented using Intents.
• An Intent call with transaction request parameters includes the specific UPI app to be invoked.
• Post the UPI transaction being processed by the chosen Android UPI app, it returns a response as per the format defined in the specification to the package's Android plugin layer.
• The plugin layer parses this response to create a UpiTransactionResponse object that is returned to your calling code. This object clearly indicates the status of the UPI payment, i.e. was it successful, failed or being processed.

Measures

It is advised that you implement a server-side payment verification on top of this status reporting, to avoid being affected by any hacks in the UPI transaction workflow on client's phone.

iOS

Flow

• On iOS, the UPI Deep Linking And Proximity Integration Specification is implemented using iOS custom schemes.
• Each UPI payment app can listen to a payment request of the form upi://pay?... sent by a caller app to iOS.
• The specification does not let you specify the target app's identifier in this request. On iOS, there is no other disambiguation measure available such as any ordering of the UPI payment apps that can be retrieved using any iOS APIs. Hence, it's impossible to know which UPI payment app will be invoked.
• One of the applicable apps gets invoked and it processes the payment. The custom schemes mechanism has no way to return a transaction status to your calling code. The calling code can only know if a UPI payment app was launched successfully or not.

How does the package then implement getInstalledUpiApps?

The apps that implement any other unique custom scheme other than upi are discovered using such custom schemes. In the list of returned apps, both the reliably discovered apps and the supported but undetectable apps are returned.

Your code can distinguish if an app in the list of discovered apps was detected or not by checking as follows:

bool isAppReallyDiscovered(ApplicationMeta applicationMeta) {
  return applicationMeta.application.discoveryCustomScheme != null
}

Measures

• You will have to implement a payment verification on top of functionality available through this package.
• You should distinguish discovered and supported-only apps using the mechanism in the above section. The example app can be used for reference.

UPI Apps' Functional Status Dynamics

UPI standards and systems are evolving, and accordingly behaviour and functionality of the UPI payment apps are changing. See Apps for details of current functional status of various applications that were verified by us.

Support for merchant and non-merchant payments

The UPI Deep Linking And Proximity Integration Specification is designed for merchant payments. It includes parameters in payment request that can be provided only if the payment was made to a merchant e.g. the merchant code (mc parameter), and a signature (crypto-hash) of the request created using merchant's private key.

However; various applications have been accepting requests without merchant details and signature and successfully processing payments. Possibly, the dilution could be due to the reason that such a package can only automate filling a payment form, and unless the user verifies the details in the form and enters the UPI pin, no damaging payments can be really made.

Over last few months, few applications have started changing their behaviour around non-merchant payments and one or more of the following are seen in few apps:

• An implicit "unverified source" warning or a direct warning indicating that merchant data in the request is not correct
• Z7 error, "Transaction Frequency Limit Exceeded": See UPI Error and Response Codes
• U16 error, "Risk Threshold Exceeded", see UPI Error and Response Codes
• An implicit "Security error"

This behaviour sometimes is not consistent even for the same app. For example, WhatsApp successfully completes transactions on iOS; but rejects non-merchant transactions on Android.

If you believe that your app's users' money is secure via their UPI pin, and you can let them use apps that successfully complete non-merchant transactions, then go ahead and pick the working apps in Apps and integrate this package.

Regressions

It's seen that post the Bank mergers of 2020-21 some of the bank apps have stopped working, even though they are still in Play Store and/or App Store.

iOS minimum versions

Several BHIM apps have stopped working on <iOS 13.5. This package's iOS support is verified on iPhone with iOS 14+.

Love to experiment yourself?

Default behaviour of the getInstalledUpiApps API is to give you only the completely successfully working UPI apps. You can make the package return other apps by passing relevant values for parameters of this API. Please see API documentation. To support this experimentation, we would add further tweaking to allow you to access UPI apps not seen and supported by this package shortly on Android.

Contributors ✨

Thanks to these wonderful people (emoji key):

Soumyajit Pathak 💻 🤔 👀 📖 🚧 🔬

Reetesh Ranjan 💻 🤔 👀 📖 🚧 🔬

Sharad Chand 💻 🤔 🔬

Adam Markon 💻

This project follows the all-contributors specification. Contributions of any kind welcome and will be recognised!

Other related solutions

• upi_india (repo) - Another solid flutter package for payment gateway free UPI integration. We often share issues faced / solution approaches and more. Go check them out as well!