Content of this repository - 10 JPEG images of the device, 1 mp4 video showing sample demo, arduino program file (stabilizer_v11.ino).
ABSTRACT:
This project presents the design and implementation of a DIY home electronic voltage stabilizer utilizing a 2 Kva variac transformer controlled by an Arduino microcontroller. The stabilizer aims to regulate the voltage of mains power, providing a stable output voltage irrespective of fluctuations in the input voltage.
The system incorporates a stepper motor connected to the variac's knob via a gear mechanism, enabling precise adjustments to the variac's position for voltage regulation. An Arduino microcontroller governs the stepper motor, continuously monitoring both the input mains voltage and the output voltage of the variac.
To sense the input mains voltage, a step-down transformer and an AC-DC converter are employed, converting the mains voltage into a measurable analog signal for the Arduino. The output voltage from the variac is similarly sensed, facilitating a comparison between the input and output voltages.
Based on this comparison, the Arduino determines the necessary adjustments to the variac's position, thereby regulating the output voltage. This DIY voltage stabilizer provides an affordable and customizable solution for maintaining a stable voltage supply in home electrical systems. The project's design files and source code are available on the GitHub repository for further exploration and modification.
Hardware used - DPDT Relays x 2 (For input and output voltage cut for safety), Variac transformer, 400v to 12v stepdown transformers x 2, Arduino UNO, AC-DC Converter, NEMA Stepper motor, TB6600 Stepper Driver, Gear
Software used - Arduino IDE, C++
VARIAC Transformer:
A variac transformer, also known simply as a variac or autotransformer, is a type of variable transformer used to vary the output voltage in electrical circuits. It consists of a single coil wound around a laminated core. The output voltage can be adjusted by manually rotating a dial or knob, which changes the position of the wiper along the coil. Variac transformers are commonly used in various applications such as: Testing and calibration: Variacs are often used in laboratories and testing facilities to vary the voltage supplied to devices under test, allowing for precise control and adjustment. Power supply design: Variacs can be used in the design and testing of power supplies to adjust the output voltage and simulate different load conditions. Voltage regulation: In some cases, variacs are used to regulate the voltage supplied to electrical equipment, ensuring that it remains within a specified range. Dimming lights: Variacs can be used to dim incandescent lamps by reducing the voltage supplied to them.
NEMA Stepper:
A NEMA stepper motor refers to a type of stepper motor that follows the standards set by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) for its physical dimensions. NEMA is an organization that sets standards for various electrical equipment, including motors. NEMA stepper motors are widely used in many industrial and commercial applications due to their standardized dimensions, which make them interchangeable and compatible with various mounting configurations.
NEMA stepper motors come in different frame sizes, with each size indicating specific dimensions for the mounting face, pilot diameter, and shaft size. The most common NEMA sizes for stepper motors are NEMA 17, NEMA 23, NEMA 34, and NEMA 42, though other sizes also exist.
These motors operate by converting digital pulses into precise mechanical movements. They are widely used in applications such as CNC machines, 3D printers, robotics, automated machinery, and various motion control systems.
NEMA stepper motors offer several advantages:
Precise positioning: Stepper motors move in discrete steps, allowing for accurate positioning without the need for feedback devices like encoders.
High torque at low speeds: Stepper motors provide high holding torque even at low speeds, making them suitable for applications requiring precise control and holding positions.
Open-loop control: Stepper motors can operate in open-loop control systems, simplifying the control electronics compared to systems using servo motors.
Compatibility and interchangeability: NEMA stepper motors follow standardized dimensions, making them easy to replace and compatible with various mounting configurations and accessories.
Overall, NEMA stepper motors are versatile, reliable, and widely used in various motion control applications across different industries.
TB6600 Stepper Driver:
The TB6600 is a type of stepper motor driver commonly used in various applications requiring precise control of stepper motors. It is particularly popular in DIY CNC machines, 3D printers, robotics, and other motion control systems. Here's some information about the TB6600 stepper motor driver:
Driver Chip: The TB6600 is based on a specific driver chip known as the TB6600HG. This chip is designed to drive bipolar stepper motors with high precision and efficiency.
Microstepping: The TB6600 driver supports microstepping, allowing for smoother motion and finer resolution compared to full-step operation. It typically supports microstepping modes such as 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, or even higher, depending on the specific model.
Current Control: It offers adjustable current control, enabling users to set the appropriate motor current according to the motor's specifications and the application requirements. This feature helps prevent motor overheating and ensures optimal performance.
Input Control: The TB6600 driver typically accepts step and direction signals from a controller, such as a microcontroller or a computer interface. It interprets these signals to control the stepper motor's movement and direction.
Protection Features: Some TB6600 drivers include built-in protection features such as overcurrent protection, overheat protection, and reverse polarity protection, which help safeguard the driver and connected components from damage.
Cooling: Depending on the model, the TB6600 driver may require adequate cooling to dissipate heat generated during operation. Heat sinks or cooling fans are often recommended to maintain stable performance.
Voltage and Current Ratings: The TB6600 driver is available in different voltage and current ratings to accommodate various stepper motor specifications and application requirements.
Overall, the TB6600 stepper motor driver is valued for its affordability, reliability, and versatility, making it a popular choice among hobbyists, makers, and professionals alike for driving stepper motors in a wide range of motion control projects.