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apoptosis.html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="description" content="Lab website for Dr. Michael J. Betenbaugh, professor at The Johns Hopkins University. We specialize in glyco, cell, metabolic, and micro-algae engineering.">
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<h1>Apoptosis Pathways</h1>
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<a href="cell-engineering.html" class="btn btn-default btn-lg"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span> Back</a>
<a href="membrane.html" class="btn btn-default btn-lg">Membrane Proteins</a>
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<p class="image"><img src="img/Bcl-apoptosis.JPG" /></p>
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<p> Commercial mammalian cell culture occurs in bioreactors, where cells can experience a number of stresses such as nutrient depletion, growth factor deprivation, and byproduct accumulation. These stresses, if severe enough, can lead to the activation of a cell suicide program called apoptosis. Premature cell death by apoptosis accounts for upwards of 80% of cell death in culture and can lead to decreased product yields, compromised product quality, and increased cost of downstream processing.</p>
<p>
Some of the major proteins involved in apoptosis belong to the Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma) family of protein, which contains both pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules. Using recombinant DNA technology, we can express anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in commercially-relevant mammalian cells. Expression of these anti-apoptotic proteins can lead to cultures with higher viability and increased production of recombinant therapeutics, resulting in decreased production costs.</p>
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<h4>References</h4>
<p class="reference">Krambeck, Frederick J., Sandra V. Bennun, Someet Narang, Sean Choi, Kevin J. Yarema, and Michael J. Betenbaugh. "A Mathematical Model to Derive N-Glycan Structures and Cellular Enzyme Activities from Mass Spectrometric Data." Glycobiology 19, no. 11 (November 01, 2009): 1163-1175. </p>
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