WebSocket Benchmark

This repository compares the speed of WebSocket frameworks for different languages.

Frameworks

1. Bun WebSockets
2. uWebSockets.js
3. gorilla/websocket
4. fasthttp/websocket
5. tokio-tungstenite

Test Resources

To ensure a fair comparison, the resources will be limited using Docker to determine the most efficient framework per resource.

CPU Limit: 4 cores

Memory Limit: 1GB

Memory Swap: no swap

More details: https://docs.docker.com/config/containers/resource_constraints/

Note: I performed some tests using my local machine without CPU limits. The results were that Go performed better than both Bun and Node. You could try it yourself on a high performance machine.

Test Methods

Port Number: 9001

All tests are performed in concurrent connections using 64 and 128 virtual users (VUs) with a duration of 5 seconds for each test.

1. Connection Speed Test

path: HTTP /

The client connects to the server, gets a 101 status response, and then closes the connection.

2. Text Message Test

path: WS /plain

The client sends {randomText}, and the server responds with {randomText}.

3. JSON Message Test

path: WS /json

The client sends {"number": {randomNumber}} and the server responds as follows:

If the number is odd, the server sends {"number": {randomNumber + 1}}.

If the number is even, the server sends {"number": {randomNumber + 2}}.

4. Binary Message Test

path: WS /binary

The client sends a number in an Int32Array message.

If the number is odd, the server responds with number+1.

If the number is even, the server responds with number+2.

Sync and Async Tests

Asynchronous test sends messages without waiting for the response message.

Synchronous test sends a message, waits for the response message, and then sends the next message.

Why Test with a Condition Statement?

In real use cases, we don't only receive and send messages using frameworks. Other parts of the code, such as the JSON parser or DB connect, etc.

Results

Check other results in the ./results directory.

Connection Method 64 VUS Result

framework	ws_sessions	ws_connecting
tokio-tungstenite	13137.162324/s	avg=4.77ms min=551.53µs med=4.44ms max=80.03ms
bun-websocket	13069.55048/s	avg=4.79ms min=525.68µs med=4.39ms max=100.63ms
uwebsocket-js	11882.529466/s	avg=5.27ms min=682.24µs med=4.81ms max=58.78ms
fasthttp-websocket	11524.364692/s	avg=5.44ms min=475.44µs med=4.94ms max=82.83ms
gorilla-websocket	10754.352134/s	avg=5.83ms min=621.41µs med=5.28ms max=75.57ms

JSON Sync Method 64 VUS Result

framework	ws_msgs_received
tokio-tungstenite	81725.569759/s
bun-websocket	75606.357558/s
uwebsocket-js	73137.835789/s
fasthttp-websocket	70818.793428/s
gorilla-websocket	67720.472743/s

JSON Async Method 64 VUS Result

framework	ws_msgs_received
tokio-tungstenite	442561.993299/s
bun-websocket	611168.371646/s
uwebsocket-js	563460.469109/s
fasthttp-websocket	508246.997076/s
gorilla-websocket	498667.980764/s

Binary Sync Method 64 VUS Result

framework	ws_msgs_received
tokio-tungstenite	80498.928468/s
bun-websocket	69794.434565/s
uwebsocket-js	75384.902691/s
fasthttp-websocket	68214.604466/s
gorilla-websocket	67583.49342/s

Binary Async Method 64 VUS Result

framework	ws_msgs_received
tokio-tungstenite	494548.05839/s
bun-websocket	467317.123974/s
uwebsocket-js	451046.522207/s
fasthttp-websocket	440250.603802/s
gorilla-websocket	434406.944224/s

Connection Method 128 VUS Result

framework	ws_sessions	ws_connecting
tokio-tungstenite	10270.04948/s	avg=12.22ms min=927.69µs med=11.39ms max=143.9ms
bun-websocket	14545.719639/s	avg=8.65ms min=829.85µs med=7.89ms max=116.45ms
uwebsocket-js	14264.117417/s	avg=8.78ms min=489.82µs med=7.89ms max=160.06ms
fasthttp-websocket	12807.055832/s	avg=9.78ms min=530.65µs med=8.86ms max=96.64ms

JSON Sync Method 128 VUS Result

framework	ws_msgs_received
tokio-tungstenite	107341.626999/s
bun-websocket	103615.608203/s
uwebsocket-js	100386.438146/s
fasthttp-websocket	96270.837763/s

JSON Async Method 128 VUS Result

framework	ws_msgs_received
tokio-tungstenite	434321.783546/s
bun-websocket	620611.021552/s
uwebsocket-js	560937.655412/s
fasthttp-websocket	531082.260734/s

Contribution

Starting the Server

You can use Docker Compose:

docker compose up fasthttp-websocket

Replace fasthttp-websocket with another framework.

You can check the list of servers in the docker-compose.yaml file.

for bun-websocket, the test methods are separate because Bun does not support multiple websocket paths, so you need to run each one individually.

K6 benchmark

Install K6 on your local and then run

make benchmark:all

replace all with a specific test method.

The test methods list (or can be found in Makefile):

• all
• connection
• plain-async
• plain-sync
• json-async
• json-sync
• binary-async
• binary-sync