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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.0/" /><meta name="citation_journal_title" content="ACS Applied Energy Materials" /><meta name="dc.Title" content="Symmetric, Robust, and High-Voltage Organic Redox Flow Battery Model Based on a Helical Carbenium Ion Electrolyte" /><meta name="dc.Creator" content="Jules Moutet" /><meta name="dc.Creator" content="José M. Veleta" /><meta name="dc.Creator" content="Thomas L. Gianetti" /><meta name="dc.Subject" content="electrochemistry; organic electrolyte; symmetric redox flow battery; helical carbenium; nonaqueous RFB" /><meta name="dc.Description" content="Redox flow batteries (RFBs) represent a promising technology for grid-scale integration of renewable energy. However, cross-contamination problems, encountered with distinct catholyte and anolyte, ..." /><meta name="Description" content="Redox flow batteries (RFBs) represent a promising technology for grid-scale integration of renewable energy. However, cross-contamination problems, encountered with distinct catholyte and anolyte, ..." /><meta name="dc.Publisher" content="American Chemical Society" /><meta name="dc.Date" scheme="WTN8601" content="December 30, 2020" /><meta name="dc.Type" content="rapid-communication" /><meta name="dc.Format" content="text/HTML" /><meta name="dc.Identifier" scheme="doi" content="10.1021/acsaem.0c02350" /><meta name="dc.Language" content="en" /><meta name="dc.Coverage" content="world" /><meta name="dc.Rights" content="© 2020 American Chemical Society" /><meta name="keywords" content="electrochemistry,organic electrolyte,symmetric redox flow battery,helical carbenium,nonaqueous RFB" />
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<title>Symmetric, Robust, and High-Voltage Organic Redox Flow Battery Model Based on a Helical Carbenium Ion Electrolyte | ACS Applied Energy Materials</title>
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://pubs-acs-org.ezproxy.uky.edu/doi/full/10.1021/acsaem.0c02350" /><meta property="og:title" content="Symmetric, Robust, and High-Voltage Organic Redox Flow Battery Model Based on a Helical Carbenium Ion Electrolyte" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://pubs-acs-org.ezproxy.uky.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aaemcq/2021/aaemcq.2021.4.issue-1/acsaem.0c02350/20210115/images/acsaem.0c02350.social.jpeg_v03" /><meta property="og:description" content="Redox flow batteries (RFBs) represent a promising technology for grid-scale integration of renewable energy. However, cross-contamination problems, encountered with distinct catholyte and anolyte, limit the development of reliable organic RFBs. Herein, we report the first use of a helical carbocation with three oxidation states, for the development of symmetric cells. Essential kinetic properties of this molecule were assessed by cyclic voltammetry. Its stability was then evaluated by mono- and bi-electronic cycling experiments, resulting in 550 and 80 cycles respectively, with high-capacity retention. This helical ion-based electrolyte achieved a proof-of-principle 2.12 V open circuit potential as an all-organic nonaqueous symmetric RFB." /><meta property="og:type" content="Article" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="ACS Publications" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@ACSPublications" /><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://pubs-acs-org.ezproxy.uky.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aaemcq/2021/aaemcq.2021.4.issue-1/acsaem.0c02350/20210115/images/acsaem.0c02350.social.jpeg_v03" />
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<main data-widget-id="28284a6d-730d-4a56-93ad-909787c5ac1b" id="" class="content article"><article data-figures="https://pubs-acs-org.ezproxy.uky.edu/action/ajaxShowFigures?doi=10.1021%2Facsaem.0c02350&ajax=true" data-references="https://pubs-acs-org.ezproxy.uky.edu/action/ajaxShowEnhancedAbstract?doi=10.1021%2Facsaem.0c02350&ajax=true" data-enable-mathjax="true"><div class="figure-viewer"><div class="figure-viewer_row"><div class="figure-viewer_col loop-trap"><div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="figure-viewer_modal"><a href="#" title="Close" aria-label="close" tabindex="0" class="figure-viewer_close icon-close"></a><h2 class="figure-viewer_label"><span class="figure-viewer_current"></span></h2><div class="figure-viewer_image"><a href="#" title="Next" class="figure-viewer_next icon-angle-right"></a><a href="#" title="Previous" class="figure-viewer_prev icon-angle-left"></a><div class="figure-viewer_image-content"><img src="" alt="Figure 1" class="fv-img"/><img src="/pb-assets/ux3/loading-1525090748317.gif" alt="Loading Img" class="loading-img"/></div></div><div class="figure-viewer_links"><a href="#" title="Download Hi-Res Image" target="_blank" class="figure-viewer_hi-res-link"><i class="icon-file-image-o"></i><span>Download Hi-Res Image</span></a><span class="fv-separator"></span><a href="#" title="Download to MS-PowerPoint" class="figure-viewer_ms-p-link"><i class="icon-file-powerpoint-o"></i><span>Download to MS-PowerPoint</span></a><span class="cit-this-container"><a href="/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1021/acsaem.0c02350&href=/doi/full/10.1021/acsaem.0c02350" title="Cite This" class="figure-viewer-cite-this-link"><i class="icon-check-circle"></i><span><strong>Cite This:</strong></span></a><span class="article_header-cite-this figure-viewer-cite-this"><span class="cit-fg-title"><i>ACS Appl. Energy Mater.</i></span><span class="cit-fg-year"> 2021</span><span class="cit-fg-volume">, 4</span><span class="cit-fg-issue">, 1</span><span class="cit-fg-pageRange">, 9-14</span></span></span></div></div></div></div></div><input type="hidden" name="aaemcq" id="copyRights" value="/pb-assets/json/journal-info-1641590078917.json"/><div class="article_fullPage"><div class="article_header"><div class="articleHeaderDropzone5" data-pb-dropzone="articleHeaderDropzone5"><div class="advertisement">
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</div></div><div class="container container_scaled-down"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12.clearfix"><div class="article_header-left pull-left"><div class="article_header-dropzone-1"><div class="articleHeaderDropzone1" data-pb-dropzone="articleHeaderDropzone1"><div class="content-navigation clearfix"><a href="/toc/aaemcq/4/1" title="Return to Issue" id="returnToIssues" class="content-navigation__btn--return"><span>RETURN TO ISSUE</span></a><a href="/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02321" title="Previous" id="prevID" class="content-navigation__btn--pre"><i class="icon-angle-left"></i><span>PREV</span></a><span class="content-navigation__contentType">Letter</span><a href="/doi/10.1021/acsaem.0c02663" title="Next" id="nextID" class="content-navigation__btn--next"><span>NEXT</span><i class="icon-angle-right"></i></a></div></div></div><div class="headerLogo_e-alertsMobile_container"><div class="article_header-logo hidden-lg"><div class="pj-badge"></div><a href="/journal/aaemcq" title="Journal Logo"><img src="/specs/ux3/releasedAssets/images/loader.gif" data-src="/na101/home/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/covergifs/aaemcq/title.png" alt="Journal Logo" /></a></div><div class="e-alertsMobile_container hidden-md hidden-lg"></div></div><h1 class="article_header-title"><span class="hlFld-Title">Symmetric, Robust, and High-Voltage Organic Redox Flow Battery Model Based on a Helical Carbenium Ion Electrolyte</span></h1><ul class="loa"><li><span><span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor">Jules Moutet</span><div class="loa-info hlFld-Affiliation"><div class="loa-info-name">Jules Moutet</div><div class="loa-info-affiliations"><div class="loa-info-affiliations-info">Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States</div></div><div class="loa-info-scifinder"><span>More by <a href="/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1=Jules++Moutet">Jules Moutet</a></span></div></div></span></li><span class="comma-separator">, </span><li><span><span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor">José M. Veleta</span><div class="loa-info hlFld-Affiliation"><div class="loa-info-name">José M. Veleta</div><div class="loa-info-affiliations"><div class="loa-info-affiliations-info">Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States</div></div><div class="loa-info-scifinder"><span>More by <a href="/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1=Jos%C3%A9+M.++Veleta">José M. Veleta</a></span></div></div></span></li><span class="comma-separator">, and </span><li><span><span class="hlFld-ContribAuthor">Thomas L. Gianetti</span><strong>*</strong><div class="loa-info hlFld-Affiliation"><div class="loa-info-name">Thomas L. Gianetti</div><div class="loa-info-affiliations"><div class="loa-info-affiliations-info">Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0041, United States</div></div><span class="conrtib-corresp"><strong>*</strong>Email: <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#b8ccdfd1d9d6ddccccd1f8d9cad1c2d7d6d996dddccd"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="80f4e7e9e1eee5f4f4e9c0e1f2e9faefeee1aee5e4f5">[email protected]</span></a>. Web site: https://www.gianettigroup.com. Twitter: @gianettigroup.</span><div class="loa-info-scifinder"><span>More by <a href="/action/doSearch?field1=Contrib&text1=Thomas+L.++Gianetti">Thomas L. Gianetti</a></span></div><div class="loa-info-orcid"><img src="/products/achs/releasedAssets/images/orchid.png" alt="Orcid" /><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-3893" title="Orcid link">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3892-3893</a></div></div></span></li><span class="comma-separator"></span></ul><div class="article_header-meta clearfix"><div class="article_header-meta-left pull-left"><input type="hidden" name="journalCodeForjhpLink" value="aaemcq" /><input type="hidden" name="journalNameForjhpLink" value="ACS Applied Energy Materials" /><div class="article_header-cite-this"><a href="/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1021%2Facsaem.0c02350&href=/doi/10.1021%2Facsaem.0c02350" title="Cite This"><i class="icon-check-circle"></i><strong>Cite this: </strong></a><span class="cit-title"><i>ACS Appl. Energy Mater.</i></span> <span class="cit-year-info"><span>2021</span></span><span class="cit-volume">, 4</span><span class="cit-issue">, 1</span><span class="cit-pageRange">, 9–14</span></div><div class="article_header-epubdate"><span class="pub-date epub-date">Publication Date</span><span class="web-text"> (Web)</span><span class="date-separator">:</span><span class="pub-date-value">December 30, 2020</span><div class="article_header-history base dropBlock"><a href="#" data-db-target-for="article_header-history" title="History" target="_self" class="" aria-expanded="false"><i class="icon-angle-down"></i><i class="icon-angle-up"></i></a><div data-db-target-of="article_header-history" class="dropBlock__holder" aria-hidden="true"><div class="articleHeaderHistoryDropzone" data-pb-dropzone="articleHeaderHistoryDropzone"><h4>Publication History</h4>
<ul class="rlist article-chapter-history-list"><li><span class="item_label"><b>Received</b></span>23 September 2020</li><li><span class="item_label"><b>Accepted</b></span>24 December 2020</li><li><span class="item_label"><b>Published</b> online</span>30 December 2020</li><li><span class="item_label"><b>Published</b> in</span><span class="item_label-issue">issue</span> 25 January 2021</li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="article_header-doiurl"><a href="https://doi-org.ezproxy.uky.edu/10.1021/acsaem.0c02350" title="DOI URL">https://doi-org.ezproxy.uky.edu/10.1021/acsaem.0c02350</a></div><div class="article_header-article-copyright"><strong>Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society</strong></div><div class="article_rightPermissionsLink"><div class="articleHeaderDropzone4" data-pb-dropzone="articleHeaderDropzone4"><div class="articleRightsPermissionsLink"><a href="/servlet/linkout?type=rightslink&url=startPage%3D9%26pageCount%3D6%26copyright%3DAmerican%2BChemical%2BSociety%26author%3DJules%2BMoutet%252C%2BJos%25C3%25A9%2BM.%2BVeleta%252C%2BThomas%2BL.%2BGianetti%26orderBeanReset%3Dtrue%26imprint%3DAmerican%2BChemical%2BSociety%26volumeNum%3D4%26issueNum%3D1%26contentID%3Dacsaem.0c02350%26title%3DSymmetric%252C%2BRobust%252C%2Band%2BHigh-Voltage%2BOrganic%2BRedox%2BFlow%2BBattery%2BModel%2BBased%2Bon%2Ba%2BHelical%2BCarbenium%2BIon%2BElectrolyte%26numPages%3D6%26pa%3D%26issn%3D2574-0962%26publisherName%3Dacs%26publication%3Daaemcq%26rpt%3Dn%26endPage%3D14%26publicationDate%3DJanuary%2B2021">RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS</a></div></div></div><div class="article_header-access-block"><div class="article_header-open-access"></div><div class="article_header-access-icon"><img src="/products/achs/releasedAssets/images/subscribed.svg" alt="Subscribed Access" /></div></div></div><div class="article_header-meta-center pull-left"><div class="articleHeaderDropzone3" data-pb-dropzone="articleHeaderDropzone3"><div class="articleMetrics"><div class="articleMetrics_table"><div class="articleMetrics_row"><input type="hidden" name="articleMetricsDoi" value="10.1021/acsaem.0c02350"/><div class="articleMetrics_metric"><h6>Article Views</h6><div class="articleMetrics-val">1021</div></div><div class="articleMetrics_altmetric"><h6>Altmetric</h6><div class="articleMetrics-val articleMetrics_score">-</div><div class="altmetric-donut hidden"><div data-badge-details="right" data-badge-type="donut" data-hide-no-mentions="false" data-condensed="true" class="altmetric-embed"></div></div></div><div class="articleMetrics_count"><h6>Citations</h6><div class="articleMetrics-val"><a href="#citeThis" class="internalNav">5</a></div></div></div></div><div class="articleMetrics_about"><div class="base dropBlock"><a href="#" data-db-target-for="aboutArticleMetrics" class="article_aboutLink">LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICS</a><div data-db-target-of="aboutArticleMetrics" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" role="alert" class="dropBlock__holder"><i aria-hidden="true" class="icon-close_thin"></i><p>Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.</p><p>Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily.<a href="https://www.crossref.org/services/cited-by/" title="Find more information about Crossref citation counts"> Find more information about Crossref citation counts.</a></p><p>The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on<a href="https://help.altmetric.com/support/solutions/articles/6000233311-how-is-the-altmetric-attention-score-calculated" title="The Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated"> the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated.</a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="article_header-meta-right"><div class="articleHeaderDropzone6" data-pb-dropzone="articleHeaderDropzone6"><div data-widget-def="UX3share" data-widget-id="787b5b92-0445-40f4-bdd2-9591d56f4a67" class="article_header-share share_label_visible">
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