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% Tips about developer environment configuration

Terminal keys and colors

If you use PuTTY/MobaXterm/... on Windows to access your Linux VM, add in your ~/.bashrc in order to use the Numeric keypad.

export TERM=linux

Or a recent X11 client:

export TERM=xterm-256color

Become a sudoer

You are here because you cannot do sudo visudo but you can try:

su  # enter root password
visudo

Append in the bottom, before the line #includedir /etc/sudoers.d

yourlogin ALL=(ALL) ALL

No password for sudo

Edit file /etc/sudoers

sudo visudo

To never had to enter a password for any command, append in the bottom, before the line #includedir /etc/sudoers.d
(or replace the line yourlogin ALL=(ALL) ALL)

yourlogin ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

or only for commands apt and adduser:

yourlogin ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
yourlogin ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/apt
yourlogin ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/adduser

Install packages

Use sudo apt install or sudo dnf install or any other packge manager...

gcc-c++ git cmake boost-devel zlib-devel gtest-devel
lcov gcovr           # Source-code coverage
clang                # Run static analyzer, formatter...
ccache               # Reduce build time
doxygen graphviz     # Generate source-code doc
bash-completion      # Optional
man-pages            # man pages for kernel/glibc/...
man-pages-fr         # Si pas comprendre Anglais
gedit-plugins        # Display special characters with gedit

Enabling multicast reception

If your machine uses the firewalld (you can verify with firewall-cmd --state), you need to allow the multicast IPs:

firewall-cmd --direct --add-rule ipv4 filter IN_public_allow 1 -d <ip> -j ACCEPT

<ip> is something like 227.23.1.31.

Access your remote files from your Windows desktop

On remote GNU/Linux server

# Install samba
sudo apt install samba
sudo dnf install samba

# Ensure firewall allows service samba
service firewalld status
firewall-cmd --add-service=samba

# Add you to the samba users database
sudo pdbedit -a -u yourlogin # then enter password

# Decide the folder(s) to shared
# Do not share folder where your .ssh or other sensitive data is accessible
chcon -Rt samba_share_t /home/user/public 

# Run Samba deamon
sudo service smb start
service smb status

On Windows desktop:

  • Check access to your remote folder

      telnet <your-VM-hostname> 139

    If you do not have telnet see if you can use PowerShell.

  • Access to your remote folder using \\<your-VM-hostname> (or use the remote IP)
    Attention: the hostname printed on remote machine by the commande hostname may be different from the hostname used from your Windows machine to access it.

Optional : To follow symbolic link, add following lines in /etc/samba/smb.conf within section global

[global]
follow symlinks = yes
wide links = yes
unix extensions = no
allow insecure wide links = yes

Optional : Disable execution right to text files

[homes]
create mask = 0644

Synchronize Password

GNU/Linux machines are not always configured to be automatically synchronised with LDAP server. In order to have samba access from Windows to the GNU/Linux machine, use the command pdbedit to enter the same password as the Windows one.

$ sudo bash
# pdbedit -u <your-LDAP-login>
<your-LDAP-login>:178793962:<your-full-name>
# pdbedit -u <your-LDAP-login> -a
new password:
retype new password:
Unix username:        <your-LDAP-login>
NT username:
Account Flags:        [U          ]
User SID:             S-1-5-21-1074701578-1924528054-4193204041-1000
Primary Group SID:    S-1-5-21-1074701578-1924528054-4193204041-513
Full Name:            <your-full-name>
Home Directory:       \\<your-VM-hostname>\<your-LDAP-login>
HomeDir Drive:
Logon Script:
Profile Path:         \\<your-VM-hostname>\<your-LDAP-login>\profile
Domain:               <YOUR-DOMAIN>
[...]

Configure Proxy

On GNU/Linux machines, an authentified proxy can be configure to access internet.

sudo yum install cntlm

Edit /etc/cntlm.conf and add:

Username <your-LDAP-login>
Domain <YOUR-DOMAIN>
Proxy 172.26.96.40:8080

Execute the following command:

cntlm -u <your-LDAP-login>@<YOUR-DOMAIN> -c /etc/cntlm.conf -fHv 172.26.96.40:8080

Output looks like:

PassLM          F24088884CAA1525DE181A69088B6BC0
PassNT          E6C2328DE92875B434CAB1C4154C605A
PassNTLMv2      1538049C3DC73B6324C38D7B43E3D9BR

Copy-paste these output lines into /etc/cntlm.conf.
Edit /etc/sysconfig/cntlmd and change the last line to:

OPTARGS="-c /etc/cntlm.conf"

Then execute the following commands:

sudo mkdir /var/run/cntlm
sudo chown cntlm: /var/run/cntlm
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable cntlm

# Old Red-Hat
sudo systemctl start cntlm
sudo systemctl status cntlm

# Red-Hat 7.2
sudo service cntlm start
sudo service cntlm status

Check the proxy:

sudo netstat -tlpn | grep 3128

Add in your ~/.bashrc

export https_proxy=127.0.0.1:3128
export http_proxy=127.0.0.1:3128

Shortcuts

Press a key in your terminal => Execute a command

Append in you ~/.bashrc

## Shortcuts
PrjRoot=${HOME}/folder/project
PrjOpts="-G Ninja"  # If ninja installed (else empty)

# F5 => Update
bind '"\e[15~":" ( cd \"${PrjRoot}\" && git pull && git submodule update --init --remote --rebase && git submodule foreach git stash list )\n"'

# F6 => Status
bind '"\e[17~":" ( cd \"${PrjRoot}\" && git status && git submodule status )\n"'

# F7 => Build
bind '"\e[18~":" ( mkdir -p \"${PrjRoot}\"/build && cd $_ && cmake .. $PrjOpts && cmake --build . )\n"'

# F8 => Test
bind '"\e[19~":" ctest -j6 --build \"${PrjRoot}\"/build \n"'

# Auto-complete the command line with a previous command starting with the same characters:
"\e[A": history-search-backward
"\e[B": history-search-forward
 
# Bind the [PageUp], [Start] (and 'PageDown], [End]) to move the cursor the start (end) of the command line
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-line
"\e[6~": end-of-line
 
# Bind [Alt][Left] and [Alt][Right] to go forward/backward one word (There *is* already a binding for that: [Alt][f] and [Alt][b])
"\e\e[C": forward-word
"\e\e[D": backward-word
 
# Auto-complete with a single press of 'tab' key instead of two
set show-all-if-ambiguous on