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Open Frames Spec [Draft v0.0.3]

Since the launch of Farcaster Frames, we’ve seen a number of protocols work to add Frames support independently. The original Frames spec was designed for Farcaster and wasn’t set up to handle interactions from different types of applications with unique capabilities. Open Frames is a lightweight extension to the Frames spec to help coordinate the many new applications and protocols adopting Frames.

Open Frames is an initiative with the following goals:

  1. Allow Frames developers to support interactions from different types of clients
  2. Don’t screw up the best thing about Frames: how easy it is to build on

We expect the Open Frames specification to evolve, both through improvements to the Farcaster Specification and through the needs of Open Frames applications with different capabilities.

Actors

Client Application

Client applications are responsible for rendering Frames for end-users, handling interactions with buttons on Frames, and creating the POST payload to be sent to the Frames Server. Client applications must support one or more clientProtocols.

Frames Server

A Frames Server is responsible for generating the initial Frames HTML, handling POST requests from Client Applications, and storing any state that might be required for the functioning of the Frame.

Frames Metadata

To turn your web pages into Frames, you need to add basic metadata to your page.

Required Properties

Property Description
of:version The version label of the Open Frames spec. Currently the only supported version is vNext
of:accepts:$protocol_identifier The minimum client protocol version accepted for the given protocol identifier. For example vNext , or 1.5. At least one $protocol_identifier must be specified.
of:image An image which should have an aspect ratio of 1.91:1 or 1:1.
og:image An image which should have an aspect ratio of 1.91:1. Fallback for clients that do not support frames.

The tag of:accepts:anonymous identifies that an Open Frame does not require authentication, and thus can be rendered by any Open Frames compatible client.

Optional properties

Property Description
of:button:$idx 256 byte string containing the user-visible label for button at index $idx. Buttons are 1-indexed. Maximum 4 buttons per Frame. $idx values must be rendered in an unbroken sequence.
of:button:$idx:action Valid options are post, post_redirect, mint, link, and tx. Default: post
of:button:$idx:target The target of the action. For post , post_redirect, and link action types the target is expected to be a URL starting with http:// or https://. For the mint action type the target must be a CAIP-10 URL
of:button:$idx:post_url 256-byte string that defines a button-specific URL to send the POST payload to. If set, this overrides of:post_url
of:post_url The URL where the POST payload will be sent. Must be valid and start with http:// or https:// . Maximum 256 bytes.
of:input:text If this property is present, a text field should be added to the Frame. The contents of this field will be shown to the user as a label on the text field. Maximum 32 bytes.
of:image:aspect_ratio The aspect ratio of the image specified in the of:image field. Allowed values are 1.91:1 and 1:1. Default: 1.91:1
of:image:alt Alt text associated with the image for accessibility
of:state A state serialized to a string (for example via JSON.stringify()). Maximum 4096 bytes. Will be ignored if included on the initial frame

Button actions

post

The post action sends a HTTP POST request to the frame or button post_url. This is the default button type.

The frame server receives a signed frame action payload in the POST body, which includes information about which button was clicked, text input, and the cast context. The frame server must respond with a 200 OK and another frame.

post_redirect

The post_redirect action sends an HTTP POST request to the frame or button post_url. You can use this action to redirect to a URL based on frame state or user input.

The frame server receives a signed frame action payload in the POST body. The frame server must respond with a 302 Found and Location header that starts with http:// or https://.

link

The link action redirects the user to an external URL. You can use this action to redirect to a URL without sending a POST request to the frame server.

Clients do not make a request to the frame server for link actions. Instead, they redirect the user to the target URL.

mint

The mint action allows the user to mint an NFT. Clients that support relaying or initiating onchain transactions may enhance the mint button by relaying a transaction or interacting with the user's wallet. Clients that do not fall back to linking to an external URL.

The target property must be a valid CAIP-10 address, plus an optional token ID appended with a :.

tx

The tx action allows a frame to request the user take an action in their connected wallet. Unlike other action types, tx actions have multiple steps.

First, the client makes a POST request to the target URL to fetch data about the wallet action. The frame server receives a signed frame action payload in the POST body, including the address of the connected wallet in the address field. The frame server must respond with a 200 OK and a JSON response describing the wallet action which satisfies one of the wallet action response types.

The client uses the response data to request an action in the user's wallet. If the user completes the action, the client makes a POST request to the post_url with a signed frame action payload that includes the transaction or signature hash in the transactionId field and the address used in the address field. The frame server must respond with a 200 OK and another frame. The frame server may monitor the transaction hash to determine if the transaction succeeds, reverts, or times out.

Wallet Action Response Types

A wallet action response must be one of the following:

EthSendTransactionAction

  • chainId: A CAIP-2 chain ID to identify the transaction network (e.g., Ethereum mainnet).
  • method: Must be "eth_sendTransaction".
  • params:
    • abi: JSON ABI which MUST include encoded function type and SHOULD include potential error types. Can be empty.
    • to: Transaction recipient.
    • value: Value to send with the transaction in wei (optional).
    • data: Transaction calldata (optional).
type EthSendTransactionAction = {
  chainId: string;
  method: 'eth_sendTransaction';
  params: {
    abi: Abi | [];
    to: string;
    value?: string;
    data?: string;
  };
};

Example:

{
  "chainId": "eip155:1",
  "method": "eth_sendTransaction",
  "params": {
    "abi": [...],
    "to": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
    "data": "0x00",
    "value": "123456789"
  }
}

EthSignTypedDataV4Action

See EIP-712.

  • chainId: A CAIP-2 chain ID to identify the transaction network (e.g., Ethereum mainnet).
  • method: Must be "eth_signTypedData_v4".
  • params:
    • domain: The typed domain.
    • types: The type definitions for the typed data.
    • primaryType: The primary type to extract from types and use in value.
    • message: Typed message.
type EthSignTypedDataV4Action = {
  chainId: string;
  method: 'eth_signTypedData_v4';
  params: {
    domain: {
      name?: string;
      version?: string;
      chainId?: number;
      verifyingContract?: string;
    };
    types: Record<string, unknown>;
    primaryType: string;
    message: Record<string, unknown>;
  };
};

Example:

{
  "chainId": "eip155:10",
  "method": "eth_signTypedData_v4",
  "params": {
    "domain": {
      "name": "Example",
      "version": "1.0",
      "chainId": 10,
      "verifyingContract": "0x00000000fcCe7f938e7aE6D3c335bD6a1a7c593D"
    },
    "types": {
      "EIP712Domain": [
        { "name": "name", "type": "string" },
        { "name": "version", "type": "string" },
        { "name": "chainId", "type": "uint256" },
        { "name": "verifyingContract", "type": "address" }
      ],
      "Message": [
        { "name": "message", "type": "string" }
      ]
    },
    "primaryType": "Message",
    "message": {
      "message": "Hello, world!"
    }
  }
}

Determining the post_url

When buttons with post and post_redirect actions are pressed, the client must send a POST request with the frame action payload to the URL determined by the following rules:

  1. If the the button specifies a target, the POST request must be sent to the target URL.
  2. If the button specifies a post_url, the POST request must be sent to the post_url URL if target is not present
  3. If the button does not specify a target or post_url, the POST request must be sent to the URL specified in the of:post_url property of the Frame metadata.
  4. If the Frame metadata does not specify a post_url, the POST request must be sent to the URL of the Frame.

Farcaster Compatibility

The following properties are directly compatible with the following Farcaster properties as of Feb 21, 2024

Open Frames Property Farcaster Property
of:post_url fc:frame:post_url
of:image fc:frame:image
og:image og:image
of:button:$idx fc:frame:button:index
of:button:$idx:action fc:frame:button:$idx:action
of:button:$idx:target fc:frame:button:$idx:target
of:button:$idx:post_url fc:frame:button:$idx:post_url
of:input:text fc:frame:input:text
of:image:aspect_ratio fc:frame:image:aspect_ratio
of:accepts:farcaster fc:frame
of:state fc:frame:state

Frames Servers that wish to handle both Farcaster and Open Frames interactions are recommended to include a complete set of both of: and fc:frame meta tags. If a complete set of Open Frames tags are not present in the page, Client Applications may choose to fall back to equivalent fc:frame tags if the of:accepts:$protocol_identifier tag is present.

The Client Protocol Identifier

clientProtocol is a string identifier for a client’s capabilities that can be used to negotiate compatibility between the Client Application and the Frame Server. Each Frame Server must advertise which clientProtocols it is capable of receiving button clicks from through the of:accepts:$protocol_identifier meta tag included in each HTML response.

<meta 
	property="of:accepts:xmtp"
	content="2024-02-01"
/>
<meta 
	property="of:accepts:lens"
	content="1.1"
/>

If a Frame Server declares that it is compatible with a client protocol, Client Applications capable of sending POST responses using that protocol should feel confident that the Frame will work as expected.

Client protocol strings must conform to the following format: $PROTOCOL_IDENTIFIER@$PROTOCOL_VERSION. Protocol versions are a string, and it is up to each protocol to decide how it should specify versions. For example, a Farcaster client today might define it’s clientProtocol as farcaster@vNext.

The version specified in the of:accepts:* tag should be the earliest version of the client protocol with which the Frames Server is compatible.

Client applications must check the accepts tag for their protocol and ensure that they are capable of sending POST payloads in a format that the Frame Server can understand. If the of:accepts:$client_protocol field is absent, client applications may choose to assume that the Frame Server only accepts requests using the Farcaster request format using the version specified in the fc:frame meta tag. If the client application does not support any of the listed client protocols, the client can choose to skip rendering the Frame entirely or show the Frame with the buttons disabled.

When sending a POST to the Frame Server, client applications must include the clientProtocol used to generate the payload, which will allow the Frame server to know what data is available and how to verify the trustedData.messageBytes.

Convention for unauthenticated frames

If a Frame Server does not require authentication, it should advertise that it accepts the anonymous client protocol with version 1.0. This allows clients to send POST requests without needing to sign the payload. All clients should be able to send requests to unauthenticated Frame Servers.

<meta property="of:accepts:anonymous" content="1.0" />

Clients sending POST requests to an unauthenticated Frame Server should include the clientProtocol as anonymous@1.0 and should not include a trustedData.messageBytes field in the POST payload.

Here is an example of a POST payload to an unauthenticated Frame Server:

{
  "clientProtocol": "anonymous@1.0",
  "untrustedData": {
    "url": "https://example.com/frame",
    "unixTimestamp": 1645382400000,
    "buttonIndex": 1,
    "inputText": "...",
    "state": "...",
    "address": "0x...",
    "transactionId": "0x..."
  }
}

If the anonymous tag is included with other client protocol tags, then it is optional for a request to this Frame Server to include authentication for the other client protocol(s).

POST Payloads

When a user clicks a button on a Frame, the Frame developer receives a POST request with a payload containing both untrustedData and trustedData. The trustedData.messageBytes can be verified by Frame developers so that they can provably know that the contents of that payload were signed by a given user. We propose a minimum schema for all POST payloads that can be implemented by any Open Frames clientProtocol.

type FramesPost = {
  clientProtocol: string; // The client protcol used by the client to generate the payload
  untrustedData: {
    url: string; // The URL of the Frame that was clicked. May be different from the URL that the data was posted to.
    unixTimestamp: number; // Unix timestamp in milliseconds
    buttonIndex: number; // The button that was clicked
    inputText?: string; // Input text for the Frame's text input, if present. Undefined if no text input field is present
    state?: string; // State that was passed from the frame, passed back to the frame, serialized to a string. Max 4kB.q
    address?: string // Address of connected wallet
    transactionId?: string // Transaction hash or signed typed data from wallet action
  };
  trustedData: {
    messageBytes: string;
  };
};

Different client protocols may choose to include additional fields in the untrustedData and trustedData portions of the POST payload. Frame Servers may use the clientProtocol as a hint for what additional fields are available. All client protocols must include at least the common fields defined above.

While the payload is similar to the Farcaster Frames Spec, it differs in two important ways. The first is the addition of the clientProtocol field. The second is that in place of a timestamp, which in Farcaster is the number of seconds since the Farcaster epoch, Open Frames uses the unixTimestamp field which is the number of seconds since the unix epoch.