ARGO – Guidelines for Automatically recognising and Repairing OWL 2 profile violations

Working draft 29 March 2017

Editors:

Nicolas Matentzoglu, Manchester University

Edit history:

Version	Date	Contributors	Changes
0.0.1	29.03.2017	Nicolas Matentzoglu	First version: reflecting the state of the OWL API 4.3.1.

Summary

This document contains the guidelines for recognising and repairing OWL 2 profile violations. The goal is to determine through community discussion what constitutes a profile violation (definition), how to recognise it (recognition) and whether there should be an automated repair strategy (repair). The main purpose of the guidelines is to agree on a standard way on how to (automatically) repair ontologies in a safe way

for consistent counting in ontology surveys
for improved tool testing for example when benchmarking reasoners
to discuss the various ambiguities around profile checking and resolve them

The basic grouping, using the four main OWL 2 profiles (DL, EL, RL, QL) and general OWL 2 violations, is taken from the current OWL API version and serves to better localise the violations for those interested in one particular profile. It should be noted that, in order to be valid EL, RL and QL, the ontology needs to be valid OWL 2 DL. In order to be valid OWL 2 DL, the ontology needs to be valid OWL 2. We are working closely with the developers of the OWL API in order to provide a consistent and community-accredited implementation of the guidelines.

Basic definitions

	Specification
O	The ontology under consideration excluding its imports.
O'	The ontology under consideration including its full imports closure.
S(O):	The signature of O, i.e. the set of all class names, object property names, data property names and individual names occuring across any logical axiom in O (including declarations).
SA(O):	The signature of O, i.e. the set of all class names, object property names, data property names, annotation property names and individual names occuring across any axiom in O.

General points of discussions

Profile checking against O vs O'
Signature of interest includes annotations (class names in annotations, non OWL data types)

General OWL 2 Violations

Ontology IRI not absolute

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	OntologyIRINotAbsolute
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Use of non absolute IRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonAbsoluteIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Lexical not in lexical space

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	LexicalNotInLexicalSpace
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Use of defined datatype in datatype restriction

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfDefinedDatatypeInDatatypeRestriction
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Use of illegal facet restriction

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalFacetRestriction
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Use of undeclared datatype

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfUndeclaredDatatype
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

OWL 2 DL Violations

Declaration Failure

Use of undeclared class

	Specification
Definition:	A class name A from S(O') has been used as part of an OWL axiom in O' but is neither built-in vocabulary nor has been declared.
Recognition:	Given a class A in S(O'), A is considered undeclared if it is not built-in vocabulary and there exists no declaration axiom Declaration(A).
Repair:	Inject a class declaration axiom into the ontology.
Debate:	Entity names in annotations?
OWL API:	UseOfUndeclaredClass
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Use of undeclared object property

	Specification
Definition:	An object property name P from S(O') has been used as part of an OWL axiom in O' but is neither built-in vocabulary nor has been declared.
Recognition:	Given an object property P in S(O'), P is considered undeclared if it is not built-in vocabulary and there exists no declaration axiom Declaration(P).
Repair:	Inject an object property declaration axiom into the ontology.
Debate:	See use of undeclared class
OWL API:	UseOfUndeclaredObjectProperty
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Use of undeclared data property

	Specification
Definition:	A data property name P from S(O') has been used as part of an OWL axiom in O' but is neither built-in vocabulary nor has been declared.
Recognition:	Given a data property P in S(O'), P is considered undeclared if it is not built-in vocabulary and there exists no declaration axiom Declaration(P).
Repair:	Inject an data property declaration axiom into the ontology.
Debate:	See use of undeclared class
OWL API:	UseOfUndeclaredDataProperty
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Use of undeclared annotation property

	Specification
Definition:	An annotation property name P from S(O') has been used as part of an OWL axiom in O' but is neither built-in vocabulary nor has been declared.
Recognition:	Given an annotation property P in S(O'), P is considered undeclared if it is not built-in vocabulary and there exists no declaration axiom Declaration(P).
Repair:	Inject an annotation property declaration axiom into the ontology.
Debate:	See use of undeclared class
OWL API:	UseOfUndeclaredAnnotationProperty
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Use of undeclared data type

	Specification
Definition:	A datatype has been used as part of an OWL axiom in O' but is neither built-in vocabulary, nor the top datatype, nor has been declared.
Recognition:	Given a datatype DT used in an axiom in O, DT is considered undeclared if it is not built-in vocabulary, not the top datatype, and there exists no declaration axiom Declaration(P).
Repair:	Inject an annotation property declaration axiom into the ontology.
Debate:	See use of undeclared class
OWL API:	UseOfUndeclaredDatatype
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Misuse of reserved vocabulary

Use of reserved vocabulary for ontology IRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfReservedVocabularyForOntologyIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Use of reserved vocabulary for version IRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfReservedVocabularyForVersionIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfReservedVocabularyForClassIRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfReservedVocabularyForClassIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfReservedVocabularyForObjectPropertyIRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfReservedVocabularyForObjectPropertyIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfReservedVocabularyForDataPropertyIRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfReservedVocabularyForDataPropertyIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfReservedVocabularyForAnnotationPropertyIRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfReservedVocabularyForAnnotationPropertyIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfBuiltInDatatypeInDatatypeDefinition

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfBuiltInDatatypeInDatatypeDefinition
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfReservedVocabularyForIndividualIRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfReservedVocabularyForIndividualIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Inherent Violation of OWL DL Profile

UseOfUnknownDatatype

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfUnknownDatatype
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

DatatypeIRIAlsoUsedAsClassIRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	DatatypeIRIAlsoUsedAsClassIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

DatatypeIRIAlsoUsedAsClassIRI

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	DatatypeIRIAlsoUsedAsClassIRI
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

CycleInDatatypeDefinition

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	CycleInDatatypeDefinition
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

IllegalPunning

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	IllegalPunning
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfTopDataPropertyAsSubPropertyInSubPropertyAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfTopDataPropertyAsSubPropertyInSubPropertyAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInCardinalityRestriction

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSimplePropertyInCardinalityRestriction
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInObjectHasSelf

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSimplePropertyInObjectHasSelf
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInFunctionalPropertyAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSimplePropertyInFunctionalPropertyAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInInverseFunctionalObjectPropertyAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSimplePropertyInInverseFunctionalObjectPropertyAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInIrreflexivePropertyAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSimplePropertyInIrreflexivePropertyAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInAsymmetricObjectPropertyAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSimplePropertyInAsymmetricObjectPropertyAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInDisjointPropertiesAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSimplePropertyInDisjointPropertiesAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfPropertyInChainCausesCycle

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfPropertyInChainCausesCycle
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

Syntax violations

EmptyOneOfAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	EmptyOneOfAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

InsufficientOperands

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	InsufficientOperands
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

InsufficientPropertyExpressions

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	InsufficientPropertyExpressions
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

InsufficientIndividuals

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	InsufficientIndividuals
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

OWL 2 EL Violations

UseOfIllegalDataRange

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalDataRange
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfAnonymousIndividual

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfAnonymousIndividual
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfObjectPropertyInverse

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfObjectPropertyInverse
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfIllegalClassExpression

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalClassExpression
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfIllegalDataRange

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalDataRange
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfIllegalAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfObjectOneOfWithMultipleIndividuals

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	OntologyIRINotAbsolute
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfDataOneOfWithMultipleLiterals

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfObjectOneOfWithMultipleIndividuals
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

LastPropertyInChainNotInImposedRange

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	LastPropertyInChainNotInImposedRange
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

OWL 2 RL Violations

UseOfNonSubClassExpression

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSubClassExpression
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSuperClassExpression

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSuperClassExpression
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfIllegalAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonEquivalentClassExpression

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonEquivalentClassExpression
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfIllegalDataRange

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalDataRange
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

OWL 2 QL Violations

Use of illegal data range

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalDataRange
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfAnonymousIndividual

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfAnonymousIndividual
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfIllegalAxiom

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalAxiom
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfIllegalDataRange

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfIllegalDataRange
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSubClassExpression

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSubClassExpression
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonSuperClassExpression

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonSuperClassExpression
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

UseOfNonAtomicClassExpression

	Specification
Definition:	Tbd.
Recognition:	Tbd.
Repair:	Tbd.
Debate:	Tbd.
OWL API:	UseOfNonAtomicClassExpression
OWL API Support:	4.3.1

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ARGO – Guidelines for Automatically recognising and Repairing OWL 2 profile violations

Working draft 29 March 2017

Summary

Basic definitions

General points of discussions

General OWL 2 Violations

Ontology IRI not absolute

Use of non absolute IRI

Lexical not in lexical space

Use of defined datatype in datatype restriction

Use of illegal facet restriction

Use of undeclared datatype

OWL 2 DL Violations

Declaration Failure

Use of undeclared class

Use of undeclared object property

Use of undeclared data property

Use of undeclared annotation property

Use of undeclared data type

Misuse of reserved vocabulary

Use of reserved vocabulary for ontology IRI

Use of reserved vocabulary for version IRI

UseOfReservedVocabularyForClassIRI

UseOfReservedVocabularyForObjectPropertyIRI

UseOfReservedVocabularyForDataPropertyIRI

UseOfReservedVocabularyForAnnotationPropertyIRI

UseOfBuiltInDatatypeInDatatypeDefinition

UseOfReservedVocabularyForIndividualIRI

Inherent Violation of OWL DL Profile

UseOfUnknownDatatype

DatatypeIRIAlsoUsedAsClassIRI

DatatypeIRIAlsoUsedAsClassIRI

CycleInDatatypeDefinition

IllegalPunning

UseOfTopDataPropertyAsSubPropertyInSubPropertyAxiom

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInCardinalityRestriction

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInObjectHasSelf

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInFunctionalPropertyAxiom

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInInverseFunctionalObjectPropertyAxiom

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInIrreflexivePropertyAxiom

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInAsymmetricObjectPropertyAxiom

UseOfNonSimplePropertyInDisjointPropertiesAxiom

UseOfPropertyInChainCausesCycle

Syntax violations

EmptyOneOfAxiom

InsufficientOperands

InsufficientPropertyExpressions

InsufficientIndividuals

OWL 2 EL Violations

UseOfIllegalDataRange

UseOfAnonymousIndividual

UseOfObjectPropertyInverse

UseOfIllegalClassExpression

UseOfIllegalDataRange

UseOfIllegalAxiom

UseOfObjectOneOfWithMultipleIndividuals

UseOfDataOneOfWithMultipleLiterals

LastPropertyInChainNotInImposedRange

OWL 2 RL Violations

UseOfNonSubClassExpression

UseOfNonSuperClassExpression

UseOfIllegalAxiom

UseOfNonEquivalentClassExpression

UseOfIllegalDataRange

OWL 2 QL Violations

Use of illegal data range

UseOfAnonymousIndividual

UseOfIllegalAxiom

UseOfIllegalDataRange

UseOfNonSubClassExpression

UseOfNonSuperClassExpression

UseOfNonAtomicClassExpression

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