diff --git a/dropshot/Cargo.toml b/dropshot/Cargo.toml index 673b22cf..11fb7f19 100644 --- a/dropshot/Cargo.toml +++ b/dropshot/Cargo.toml @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ [package] name = "dropshot" description = "expose REST APIs from a Rust program" -version = "0.2.0" +version = "0.3.0" authors = ["David Pacheco "] edition = "2018" license = "Apache-2.0" @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ repository = "https://github.com/oxidecomputer/dropshot/" [dependencies] async-trait = "0.1.24" +base64 = "0.12.3" bytes = "0.5.4" futures = "0.3.1" hostname = "0.3.0" @@ -53,5 +54,12 @@ version = "0.7.0" features = [ "uuid" ] [dev-dependencies] -libc = "0.2.71" difference = "2.0.0" +lazy_static = "1.4.0" +libc = "0.2.71" +serde_with = "1.4.0" +subprocess = "0.2.4" + +[dev-dependencies.schemars] +version = "0.7.0" +features = [ "chrono", "uuid" ] diff --git a/dropshot/examples/pagination-basic.rs b/dropshot/examples/pagination-basic.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bc8d9060 --- /dev/null +++ b/dropshot/examples/pagination-basic.rs @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +// Copyright 2020 Oxide Computer Company +/*! + * Example showing a relatively simple use of the pagination API + * + * When you run this program, it will start an HTTP server on an available local + * port. See the log entry to see what port it ran on. Then use curl to use + * it, like this: + * + * ```ignore + * $ curl localhost:50568/projects + * ``` + * + * (Replace 50568 with whatever port your server is listening on.) + * + * Try passing different values of the `limit` query parameter. Try passing the + * next page token from the response as a query parameter, too. + */ + +use dropshot::endpoint; +use dropshot::ApiDescription; +use dropshot::ConfigDropshot; +use dropshot::ConfigLogging; +use dropshot::ConfigLoggingLevel; +use dropshot::EmptyScanParams; +use dropshot::HttpError; +use dropshot::HttpResponseOkObject; +use dropshot::HttpServer; +use dropshot::PaginationParams; +use dropshot::Query; +use dropshot::RequestContext; +use dropshot::ResultsPage; +use dropshot::WhichPage; +use schemars::JsonSchema; +use serde::Deserialize; +use serde::Serialize; +use std::collections::BTreeMap; +use std::net::Ipv4Addr; +use std::net::SocketAddr; +use std::ops::Bound; +use std::sync::Arc; + +/** + * Object returned by our paginated endpoint + * + * Like anything returned by Dropshot, we must implement `JsonSchema` and + * `Serialize`. We also implement `Clone` to simplify the example. + */ +#[derive(Clone, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct Project { + name: String, + // lots more fields +} + +/** + * Parameters describing the client's position in a scan through all projects + * + * This implementation only needs the name of the last project seen, as we only + * support listing projects in ascending order by name. + * + * This must be `Serialize` so that Dropshot can turn it into a page token to + * include with each page of results, and it must be `Deserialize` to get it + * back in a querystring. + */ +#[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct ProjectPage { + name: String, +} + +/** + * API endpoint for listing projects + * + * This implementation stores all the projects in a BTreeMap, which makes it + * very easy to fetch a particular range of items based on the key. + */ +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/projects" +}] +async fn example_list_projects( + rqctx: Arc, + query: Query>, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + let pag_params = query.into_inner(); + let limit = rqctx.page_limit(&pag_params)?.get(); + let tree = rqctx_to_tree(rqctx); + let projects = match &pag_params.page { + WhichPage::First(..) => { + /* Return a list of the first "limit" projects. */ + tree.iter() + .take(limit) + .map(|(_, project)| project.clone()) + .collect() + } + WhichPage::Next(ProjectPage { + name: last_seen, + }) => { + /* Return a list of the first "limit" projects after this name. */ + tree.range((Bound::Excluded(last_seen.clone()), Bound::Unbounded)) + .take(limit) + .map(|(_, project)| project.clone()) + .collect() + } + }; + + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ResultsPage::new( + projects, + &EmptyScanParams {}, + |p: &Project, _| ProjectPage { + name: p.name.clone(), + }, + )?)) +} + +fn rqctx_to_tree(rqctx: Arc) -> Arc> { + let c = Arc::clone(&rqctx.server.private); + c.downcast::>().unwrap() +} + +#[tokio::main] +async fn main() -> Result<(), String> { + let port = std::env::args() + .nth(1) + .map(|p| p.parse::()) + .transpose() + .map_err(|e| format!("failed to parse \"port\" argument: {}", e))? + .unwrap_or(0); + + /* + * Create 1000 projects up front. + */ + let mut tree = BTreeMap::new(); + for n in 1..1000 { + let name = format!("project{:03}", n); + let project = Project { + name: name.clone(), + }; + tree.insert(name, project); + } + + /* + * Run the Dropshot server. + */ + let ctx = Arc::new(tree); + let config_dropshot = ConfigDropshot { + bind_address: SocketAddr::from((Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST, port)), + }; + let config_logging = ConfigLogging::StderrTerminal { + level: ConfigLoggingLevel::Debug, + }; + let log = config_logging + .to_logger("example-pagination-basic") + .map_err(|error| format!("failed to create logger: {}", error))?; + let mut api = ApiDescription::new(); + api.register(example_list_projects).unwrap(); + let mut server = HttpServer::new(&config_dropshot, api, ctx, &log) + .map_err(|error| format!("failed to create server: {}", error))?; + let server_task = server.run(); + server.wait_for_shutdown(server_task).await +} diff --git a/dropshot/examples/pagination-multiple-resources.rs b/dropshot/examples/pagination-multiple-resources.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e3083e93 --- /dev/null +++ b/dropshot/examples/pagination-multiple-resources.rs @@ -0,0 +1,437 @@ +// Copyright 2020 Oxide Computer Company +/*! + * Example that shows a paginated API that uses the same pagination fields on + * multiple resources. See the other pagination examples for more information + * about how to run this. + */ + +use dropshot::endpoint; +use dropshot::ApiDescription; +use dropshot::ConfigDropshot; +use dropshot::ConfigLogging; +use dropshot::ConfigLoggingLevel; +use dropshot::HttpError; +use dropshot::HttpResponseOkObject; +use dropshot::HttpServer; +use dropshot::PaginationOrder; +use dropshot::PaginationOrder::Ascending; +use dropshot::PaginationOrder::Descending; +use dropshot::PaginationParams; +use dropshot::Query; +use dropshot::RequestContext; +use dropshot::ResultsPage; +use dropshot::WhichPage; +use schemars::JsonSchema; +use serde::Deserialize; +use serde::Serialize; +use std::collections::BTreeMap; +use std::net::Ipv4Addr; +use std::net::SocketAddr; +use std::ops::Bound; +use std::sync::Arc; +use uuid::Uuid; + +/* + * Example API data model: we have three resources, each having an "id" and + * "name". We'll have one endpoint for each resource to list it. + */ + +#[derive(Clone, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct Project { + id: Uuid, + name: String, + // lots more project-like fields +} + +#[derive(Clone, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct Disk { + id: Uuid, + name: String, + // lots more disk-like fields +} + +#[derive(Clone, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct Instance { + id: Uuid, + name: String, + // lots more instance-like fields +} + +/* + * In an API with many resources sharing the same identifying fields, we might + * define a trait to get those fields. Then we could define pagination in terms + * of that trait. To avoid hand-writing the impls, we use a macro. (This might + * be better as a "derive" procedural macro.) + */ +trait HasIdentity { + fn id(&self) -> &Uuid; + fn name(&self) -> &String; +} + +macro_rules! impl_HasIdentity { + ($T:ident) => { + impl HasIdentity for $T { + fn id(&self) -> &Uuid { + &self.id + } + fn name(&self) -> &String { + &self.name + } + } + }; +} + +impl_HasIdentity!(Project); +impl_HasIdentity!(Disk); +impl_HasIdentity!(Instance); + +/* + * Pagination-related types + */ +#[derive(Deserialize, Clone, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct ExScanParams { + #[serde(default = "default_sort_mode")] + sort: ExSortMode, +} + +fn default_sort_mode() -> ExSortMode { + ExSortMode::ByNameAscending +} + +#[derive(Deserialize, Clone, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")] +enum ExSortMode { + ByIdAscending, + ByIdDescending, + ByNameAscending, + ByNameDescending, +} + +#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")] +enum ExPageSelector { + Id(PaginationOrder, Uuid), + Name(PaginationOrder, String), +} + +fn page_selector( + item: &T, + scan_params: &ExScanParams, +) -> ExPageSelector { + match scan_params { + ExScanParams { + sort: ExSortMode::ByIdAscending, + } => ExPageSelector::Id(Ascending, *item.id()), + ExScanParams { + sort: ExSortMode::ByIdDescending, + } => ExPageSelector::Id(Descending, *item.id()), + ExScanParams { + sort: ExSortMode::ByNameAscending, + } => ExPageSelector::Name(Ascending, item.name().clone()), + ExScanParams { + sort: ExSortMode::ByNameDescending, + } => ExPageSelector::Name(Descending, item.name().clone()), + } +} + +fn scan_params(p: &WhichPage) -> ExScanParams { + ExScanParams { + sort: match p { + WhichPage::First(ExScanParams { + sort, + }) => sort.clone(), + + WhichPage::Next(ExPageSelector::Id(Ascending, ..)) => { + ExSortMode::ByIdAscending + } + WhichPage::Next(ExPageSelector::Id(Descending, ..)) => { + ExSortMode::ByIdDescending + } + WhichPage::Next(ExPageSelector::Name(Ascending, ..)) => { + ExSortMode::ByNameAscending + } + WhichPage::Next(ExPageSelector::Name(Descending, ..)) => { + ExSortMode::ByNameDescending + } + }, + } +} + +/* + * Paginated endpoints to list each type of resource. + * + * These could be commonized further (to the point where each of these endpoint + * functions is just a one-line call to a generic function), but we implement + * them separately here for clarity. + */ + +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/projects" +}] +async fn example_list_projects( + rqctx: Arc, + query: Query>, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + let pag_params = query.into_inner(); + let limit = rqctx.page_limit(&pag_params)?.get(); + let data = rqctx_to_data(rqctx); + let scan_params = scan_params(&pag_params.page); + + let iter = do_list( + &data, + &scan_params, + &pag_params.page, + &data.projects_by_name, + &data.projects_by_id, + ); + + let items = iter.take(limit).map(|p| (*p).clone()).collect(); + + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ResultsPage::new( + items, + &scan_params, + page_selector, + )?)) +} + +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/disks" +}] +async fn example_list_disks( + rqctx: Arc, + query: Query>, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + let pag_params = query.into_inner(); + let limit = rqctx.page_limit(&pag_params)?.get(); + let data = rqctx_to_data(rqctx); + let scan_params = scan_params(&pag_params.page); + + let iter = do_list( + &data, + &scan_params, + &pag_params.page, + &data.disks_by_name, + &data.disks_by_id, + ); + + let items = iter.take(limit).map(|p| (*p).clone()).collect(); + + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ResultsPage::new( + items, + &scan_params, + page_selector, + )?)) +} + +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/instances" +}] +async fn example_list_instances( + rqctx: Arc, + query: Query>, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + let pag_params = query.into_inner(); + let limit = rqctx.page_limit(&pag_params)?.get(); + let data = rqctx_to_data(rqctx); + let scan_params = scan_params(&pag_params.page); + + let iter = do_list( + &data, + &scan_params, + &pag_params.page, + &data.instances_by_name, + &data.instances_by_id, + ); + + let items = iter.take(limit).map(|p| (*p).clone()).collect(); + + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ResultsPage::new( + items, + &scan_params, + page_selector, + )?)) +} + +fn do_list<'a, T>( + data: &'a Arc, + scan_params: &ExScanParams, + p: &'a WhichPage, + by_name: &'a BTreeMap>, + by_id: &'a BTreeMap>, +) -> ItemIter<'a, T> +where + T: Clone + JsonSchema + Serialize + Send + Sync + 'static, +{ + match p { + WhichPage::First(_) => match scan_params.sort { + ExSortMode::ByIdAscending => data.iter_asc(by_id), + ExSortMode::ByIdDescending => data.iter_desc(by_id), + ExSortMode::ByNameAscending => data.iter_asc(by_name), + ExSortMode::ByNameDescending => data.iter_desc(by_name), + }, + + WhichPage::Next(ExPageSelector::Id(Ascending, id)) => { + data.iter_asc_from(by_id, id) + } + WhichPage::Next(ExPageSelector::Id(Descending, id)) => { + data.iter_desc_from(by_id, id) + } + WhichPage::Next(ExPageSelector::Name(Ascending, name)) => { + data.iter_asc_from(by_name, name) + } + WhichPage::Next(ExPageSelector::Name(Descending, name)) => { + data.iter_desc_from(by_name, name) + } + } +} + +/* + * General Dropshot-server boilerplate + */ + +#[tokio::main] +async fn main() -> Result<(), String> { + let port = std::env::args() + .nth(1) + .map(|p| p.parse::()) + .transpose() + .map_err(|e| format!("failed to parse \"port\" argument: {}", e))? + .unwrap_or(0); + + /* + * Run the Dropshot server. + */ + let ctx = Arc::new(DataCollection::new()); + let config_dropshot = ConfigDropshot { + bind_address: SocketAddr::from((Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST, port)), + }; + let config_logging = ConfigLogging::StderrTerminal { + level: ConfigLoggingLevel::Debug, + }; + let log = config_logging + .to_logger("example-pagination-basic") + .map_err(|error| format!("failed to create logger: {}", error))?; + let mut api = ApiDescription::new(); + api.register(example_list_projects).unwrap(); + api.register(example_list_disks).unwrap(); + api.register(example_list_instances).unwrap(); + let mut server = HttpServer::new(&config_dropshot, api, ctx, &log) + .map_err(|error| format!("failed to create server: {}", error))?; + let server_task = server.run(); + server.wait_for_shutdown(server_task).await +} + +fn rqctx_to_data(rqctx: Arc) -> Arc { + let c = Arc::clone(&rqctx.server.private); + c.downcast::().unwrap() +} + +/** + * Tracks a (static) collection of Projects indexed in two different ways to + * demonstrate an endpoint that provides multiple ways to scan a large + * collection. + */ +struct DataCollection { + projects_by_name: BTreeMap>, + projects_by_id: BTreeMap>, + disks_by_name: BTreeMap>, + disks_by_id: BTreeMap>, + instances_by_name: BTreeMap>, + instances_by_id: BTreeMap>, +} + +type ItemIter<'a, T> = Box> + 'a>; + +impl DataCollection { + /** + * Constructs an example collection of projects, disks, and instances to + * back the API endpoints + */ + pub fn new() -> DataCollection { + let mut data = DataCollection { + projects_by_id: BTreeMap::new(), + projects_by_name: BTreeMap::new(), + disks_by_id: BTreeMap::new(), + disks_by_name: BTreeMap::new(), + instances_by_id: BTreeMap::new(), + instances_by_name: BTreeMap::new(), + }; + for n in 1..1000 { + let pname = format!("project{:03}", n); + let project = Arc::new(Project { + id: Uuid::new_v4(), + name: pname.clone(), + }); + data.projects_by_name.insert(pname.clone(), Arc::clone(&project)); + data.projects_by_id.insert(project.id, project); + + let dname = format!("disk{:03}", n); + let disk = Arc::new(Disk { + id: Uuid::new_v4(), + name: dname.clone(), + }); + data.disks_by_name.insert(dname.clone(), Arc::clone(&disk)); + data.disks_by_id.insert(disk.id, disk); + + let iname = format!("disk{:03}", n); + let instance = Arc::new(Instance { + id: Uuid::new_v4(), + name: iname.clone(), + }); + data.instances_by_name.insert(iname.clone(), Arc::clone(&instance)); + data.instances_by_id.insert(instance.id, instance); + } + + data + } + + pub fn iter_asc<'a, T: Clone + 'static, K>( + &'a self, + tree: &'a BTreeMap>, + ) -> ItemIter<'a, T> { + self.make_iter(tree.iter()) + } + + pub fn iter_desc<'a, T: Clone + 'static, K>( + &'a self, + tree: &'a BTreeMap>, + ) -> ItemIter<'a, T> { + self.make_iter(tree.iter().rev()) + } + + pub fn iter_asc_from<'a, T: Clone + 'static, K: Clone + Ord>( + &'a self, + tree: &'a BTreeMap>, + last_seen: &K, + ) -> ItemIter<'a, T> { + let iter = + tree.range((Bound::Excluded(last_seen.clone()), Bound::Unbounded)); + self.make_iter(iter) + } + + pub fn iter_desc_from<'a, T: Clone + 'static, K: Clone + Ord>( + &'a self, + tree: &'a BTreeMap>, + last_seen: &K, + ) -> ItemIter<'a, T> { + let iter = tree + .range((Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Excluded(last_seen.clone()))) + .rev(); + self.make_iter(iter) + } + + /** + * Helper function to turn the initial iterators produced above into what we + * actually need to provide consumers. + */ + fn make_iter<'a, K, I, T>(&'a self, iter: I) -> ItemIter<'a, T> + where + I: Iterator)> + 'a, + T: Clone + 'static, + { + Box::new(iter.map(|(_, item)| Arc::clone(item))) + } +} diff --git a/dropshot/examples/pagination-multiple-sorts.rs b/dropshot/examples/pagination-multiple-sorts.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bf47fb4f --- /dev/null +++ b/dropshot/examples/pagination-multiple-sorts.rs @@ -0,0 +1,474 @@ +// Copyright 2020 Oxide Computer Company +/*! + * Example of an API endpoint that supports pagination using several different + * fields as the sorting key. + * + * When you run this program, it will start an HTTP server on an available local + * port. See the log for example URLs to use. Try passing different values of + * the `limit` query parameter. Try passing the `next_page` token from the + * response as a query parameter called `page_token`, too. + * + * For background, see src/pagination.rs. This example uses a resource called a + * "Project", which only has a "name" and an "mtime" (modification time). The + * server creates 1,000 projects on startup and provides one API endpoint to + * page through them. + * + * Initially, a client just invokes the API to list the first page of results + * using the default sort order (we'll use limit=3 to keep the result set + * short): + * + * ```ignore + * $ curl -s http://127.0.0.1:50800/projects?limit=3 | json + * { + * "next_page": "eyJ2IjoidjEiLCJwYWdlX3N0YXJ0Ijp7Im5hbWUiOlsiYXNjZW5kaW5nIiwicHJvamVjdDAwMyJdfX0=", + * "items": [ + * { + * "name": "project001", + * "mtime": "2020-07-13T17:35:00Z" + * }, + * { + * "name": "project002", + * "mtime": "2020-07-13T17:34:59.999Z" + * }, + * { + * "name": "project003", + * "mtime": "2020-07-13T17:34:59.998Z" + * } + * ] + * } + * ``` + * + * This should be pretty self-explanatory: we have three projects here and + * they're sorted in ascending order by name. The "next_page" token is used to + * fetch the next page of results as follows: + * + * ```ignore + * $ curl -s http://127.0.0.1:50800/projects?limit=3'&'page_token=eyJ2IjoidjEiLCJwYWdlX3N0YXJ0Ijp7Im5hbWUiOlsiYXNjZW5kaW5nIiwicHJvamVjdDAwMyJdfX0= | json + * { + * "next_page": "eyJ2IjoidjEiLCJwYWdlX3N0YXJ0Ijp7Im5hbWUiOlsiYXNjZW5kaW5nIiwicHJvamVjdDAwNiJdfX0=", + * "items": [ + * { + * "name": "project004", + * "mtime": "2020-07-13T17:34:59.997Z" + * }, + * { + * "name": "project005", + * "mtime": "2020-07-13T17:34:59.996Z" + * }, + * { + * "name": "project006", + * "mtime": "2020-07-13T17:34:59.995Z" + * } + * ] + * } + * ``` + * + * Now we have the next three projects and a new token. We can continue this + * way until we've listed all the projects. + * + * What does that page token look like? It's implementation-defined, so you + * shouldn't rely on the structure. In this case, it's a base64-encoded, + * versioned JSON structure describing the scan and the client's position in the + * scan: + * + * ```ignore + * $ echo -n 'eyJ2IjoidjEiLCJwYWdlX3N0YXJ0Ijp7Im5hbWUiOlsiYXNjZW5kaW5nIiwicHJvamVjdDAwNiJdfX0=' | base64 -d | json + * { + * "v": "v1", + * "page_start": { + * "name": [ + * "ascending", + * "project006" + * ] + * } + * } + * ``` + * + * This token says that we're scanning in ascending order of "name" and the last + * one we saw was "project006". Again, this is subject to change and should not + * be relied upon. We mention it here just to help explain how the pagination + * mechanism works. + */ + +use chrono::offset::TimeZone; +use chrono::DateTime; +use chrono::Utc; +use dropshot::endpoint; +use dropshot::ApiDescription; +use dropshot::ConfigDropshot; +use dropshot::ConfigLogging; +use dropshot::ConfigLoggingLevel; +use dropshot::HttpError; +use dropshot::HttpResponseOkObject; +use dropshot::HttpServer; +use dropshot::PaginationOrder; +use dropshot::PaginationOrder::Ascending; +use dropshot::PaginationOrder::Descending; +use dropshot::PaginationParams; +use dropshot::Query; +use dropshot::RequestContext; +use dropshot::ResultsPage; +use dropshot::WhichPage; +use hyper::Uri; +use schemars::JsonSchema; +use serde::Deserialize; +use serde::Serialize; +use std::collections::BTreeMap; +use std::net::Ipv4Addr; +use std::net::SocketAddr; +use std::ops::Bound; +use std::sync::Arc; + +#[macro_use] +extern crate slog; + +/** + * Item returned by our paginated endpoint + * + * Like anything returned by Dropshot, we must implement `JsonSchema` and + * `Serialize`. We also implement `Clone` to simplify the example. + */ +#[derive(Clone, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct Project { + name: String, + mtime: DateTime, + // lots more fields +} + +/** + * Specifies how the client wants to page through results (typically: what + * field(s) to sort by and whether the sort should be ascending or descending) + * + * It's up to the consumer (e.g., this example) to decide exactly which modes + * are supported here and what each one means. This type represents an + * interface that's part of the OpenAPI specification for the service. + * + * NOTE: To be useful, this field must be deserializable using the + * `serde_querystring` module. You can test this by writing test code to + * serialize it using `serde_querystring`. That code could fail at runtime for + * certain types of values (e.g., enum variants that contain data). + */ +#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct ProjectScanParams { + #[serde(default = "default_project_sort")] + sort: ProjectSort, +} + +fn default_project_sort() -> ProjectSort { + ProjectSort::ByNameAscending +} + +#[derive(Deserialize, Clone, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")] +enum ProjectSort { + /** by name ascending */ + ByNameAscending, + /** by name descending */ + ByNameDescending, + /** by mtime ascending, then by name ascending */ + ByMtimeAscending, + /** by mtime descending, then by name descending */ + ByMtimeDescending, +} + +/** + * Specifies the scan mode and the client's current position in the scan + * + * Dropshot uses this information to construct a page token that's sent to the + * client with each page of results. The client provides that page token in a + * subsequent request for the next page of results. Your endpoint is expected + * to use this information to resume the scan where the previous request left + * off. + * + * The most common robust and scalable implementation is to have this structure + * include the scan mode (see above) and the last value seen the key field(s) + * (i.e., the fields that the results are sorted by). When you get this + * selector back, you find the object having the next value after the one stored + * in the token and start returning results from there. + */ +#[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +#[serde(rename_all = "kebab-case")] +enum ProjectScanPageSelector { + Name(PaginationOrder, String), + MtimeName(PaginationOrder, DateTime, String), +} + +/** + * Given a project (typically representing the last project in a page of + * results) and scan mode, return a page selector that can be sent to the client + * to request the next page of results. + */ +fn page_selector_for( + last_item: &Project, + scan_params: &ProjectScanParams, +) -> ProjectScanPageSelector { + match scan_params.sort { + ProjectSort::ByNameAscending => { + ProjectScanPageSelector::Name(Ascending, last_item.name.clone()) + } + ProjectSort::ByNameDescending => { + ProjectScanPageSelector::Name(Descending, last_item.name.clone()) + } + ProjectSort::ByMtimeAscending => ProjectScanPageSelector::MtimeName( + Ascending, + last_item.mtime, + last_item.name.clone(), + ), + ProjectSort::ByMtimeDescending => ProjectScanPageSelector::MtimeName( + Descending, + last_item.mtime, + last_item.name.clone(), + ), + } +} + +/** + * API endpoint for listing projects + * + * This implementation stores all the projects in a BTreeMap, which makes it + * very easy to fetch a particular range of items based on the key. + */ +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/projects" +}] +async fn example_list_projects( + rqctx: Arc, + query: Query>, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + let pag_params = query.into_inner(); + let limit = rqctx.page_limit(&pag_params)?.get(); + let data = rqctx_to_data(rqctx); + let scan_params = ProjectScanParams { + sort: match &pag_params.page { + WhichPage::First(ProjectScanParams { + sort, + }) => sort.clone(), + + WhichPage::Next(ProjectScanPageSelector::Name(Ascending, ..)) => { + ProjectSort::ByNameAscending + } + WhichPage::Next(ProjectScanPageSelector::Name(Descending, ..)) => { + ProjectSort::ByNameDescending + } + WhichPage::Next(ProjectScanPageSelector::MtimeName( + Ascending, + .., + )) => ProjectSort::ByMtimeAscending, + WhichPage::Next(ProjectScanPageSelector::MtimeName( + Descending, + .., + )) => ProjectSort::ByMtimeDescending, + }, + }; + + let iter = match &pag_params.page { + WhichPage::First(..) => match scan_params.sort { + ProjectSort::ByNameAscending => data.iter_by_name_asc(), + ProjectSort::ByNameDescending => data.iter_by_name_desc(), + ProjectSort::ByMtimeAscending => data.iter_by_mtime_asc(), + ProjectSort::ByMtimeDescending => data.iter_by_mtime_desc(), + }, + + WhichPage::Next(ProjectScanPageSelector::Name(Ascending, name)) => { + data.iter_by_name_asc_from(name) + } + WhichPage::Next(ProjectScanPageSelector::Name(Descending, name)) => { + data.iter_by_name_desc_from(name) + } + WhichPage::Next(ProjectScanPageSelector::MtimeName( + Ascending, + mtime, + name, + )) => data.iter_by_mtime_asc_from(mtime, name), + WhichPage::Next(ProjectScanPageSelector::MtimeName( + Descending, + mtime, + name, + )) => data.iter_by_mtime_desc_from(mtime, name), + }; + + let projects = iter.take(limit).map(|p| (*p).clone()).collect(); + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ResultsPage::new( + projects, + &scan_params, + page_selector_for, + )?)) +} + +fn rqctx_to_data(rqctx: Arc) -> Arc { + let c = Arc::clone(&rqctx.server.private); + c.downcast::().unwrap() +} + +#[tokio::main] +async fn main() -> Result<(), String> { + let port = std::env::args() + .nth(1) + .map(|p| p.parse::()) + .transpose() + .map_err(|e| format!("failed to parse \"port\" argument: {}", e))? + .unwrap_or(0); + + /* + * Run the Dropshot server. + */ + let ctx = Arc::new(ProjectCollection::new()); + let config_dropshot = ConfigDropshot { + bind_address: SocketAddr::from((Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST, port)), + }; + let config_logging = ConfigLogging::StderrTerminal { + level: ConfigLoggingLevel::Debug, + }; + let log = config_logging + .to_logger("example-pagination-basic") + .map_err(|error| format!("failed to create logger: {}", error))?; + let mut api = ApiDescription::new(); + api.register(example_list_projects).unwrap(); + let mut server = HttpServer::new(&config_dropshot, api, ctx, &log) + .map_err(|error| format!("failed to create server: {}", error))?; + let server_task = server.run(); + + /* + * Print out some example requests to start with. + */ + print_example_requests(log, &server.local_addr()); + + server.wait_for_shutdown(server_task).await +} + +fn print_example_requests(log: slog::Logger, addr: &SocketAddr) { + let all_modes = vec![ + ProjectSort::ByNameAscending, + ProjectSort::ByNameDescending, + ProjectSort::ByMtimeAscending, + ProjectSort::ByMtimeDescending, + ]; + for mode in all_modes { + let to_print = ProjectScanParams { + sort: mode, + }; + let query_string = serde_urlencoded::to_string(to_print).unwrap(); + let uri = Uri::builder() + .scheme("http") + .authority(addr.to_string().as_str()) + .path_and_query(format!("/projects?{}", query_string).as_str()) + .build() + .unwrap(); + info!(log, "example: {}", uri); + } +} + +/** + * Tracks a (static) collection of Projects indexed in two different ways to + * demonstrate an endpoint that provides multiple ways to scan a large + * collection. + */ +struct ProjectCollection { + by_name: BTreeMap>, + by_mtime: BTreeMap<(DateTime, String), Arc>, +} + +type ProjectIter<'a> = Box> + 'a>; + +impl ProjectCollection { + /** Constructs an example collection of projects to back the API endpoint */ + pub fn new() -> ProjectCollection { + let mut data = ProjectCollection { + by_name: BTreeMap::new(), + by_mtime: BTreeMap::new(), + }; + let mut timestamp = + DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339("2020-07-13T17:35:00Z") + .unwrap() + .timestamp_millis(); + for n in 1..1000 { + let name = format!("project{:03}", n); + let project = Arc::new(Project { + name: name.clone(), + mtime: Utc.timestamp_millis(timestamp), + }); + /* + * To make this dataset at least somewhat interesting in terms of + * exercising different pagination parameters, we'll make the mtimes + * decrease with the names, and we'll have some objects with the same + * mtime. + */ + if n % 10 != 0 { + timestamp = timestamp - 1; + } + data.by_name.insert(name.clone(), Arc::clone(&project)); + data.by_mtime.insert((project.mtime, name), project); + } + + data + } + + /* + * Iterate by name (ascending, descending) + */ + + pub fn iter_by_name_asc(&self) -> ProjectIter { + self.make_iter(self.by_name.iter()) + } + pub fn iter_by_name_desc(&self) -> ProjectIter { + self.make_iter(self.by_name.iter().rev()) + } + pub fn iter_by_name_asc_from(&self, last_seen: &String) -> ProjectIter { + let iter = self + .by_name + .range((Bound::Excluded(last_seen.clone()), Bound::Unbounded)); + self.make_iter(iter) + } + pub fn iter_by_name_desc_from(&self, last_seen: &String) -> ProjectIter { + let iter = self + .by_name + .range((Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Excluded(last_seen.clone()))) + .rev(); + self.make_iter(iter) + } + + /* + * Iterate by mtime (ascending, descending) + */ + + pub fn iter_by_mtime_asc(&self) -> ProjectIter { + self.make_iter(self.by_mtime.iter()) + } + pub fn iter_by_mtime_desc(&self) -> ProjectIter { + self.make_iter(self.by_mtime.iter().rev()) + } + pub fn iter_by_mtime_asc_from( + &self, + last_mtime: &DateTime, + last_name: &String, + ) -> ProjectIter { + let last_seen = &(*last_mtime, last_name.clone()); + let iter = + self.by_mtime.range((Bound::Excluded(last_seen), Bound::Unbounded)); + self.make_iter(iter) + } + pub fn iter_by_mtime_desc_from( + &self, + last_mtime: &DateTime, + last_name: &String, + ) -> ProjectIter { + let last_seen = &(*last_mtime, last_name.clone()); + let iter = self + .by_mtime + .range((Bound::Unbounded, Bound::Excluded(last_seen))) + .rev(); + self.make_iter(iter) + } + + /** + * Helper function to turn the initial iterators produced above into what we + * actually need to provide consumers. + */ + fn make_iter<'a, K, I>(&'a self, iter: I) -> ProjectIter<'a> + where + I: Iterator)> + 'a, + { + Box::new(iter.map(|(_, project)| Arc::clone(project))) + } +} diff --git a/dropshot/src/error.rs b/dropshot/src/error.rs index a9b8b113..d25c3849 100644 --- a/dropshot/src/error.rs +++ b/dropshot/src/error.rs @@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ use hyper::error::Error as HyperError; use serde::Deserialize; use serde::Serialize; -use serde_json::error::Error as SerdeError; /** * `HttpError` represents an error generated as part of handling an API @@ -113,16 +112,6 @@ pub struct HttpErrorResponseBody { pub message: String, } -impl From for HttpError { - fn from(error: SerdeError) -> Self { - /* - * TODO-polish it would really be much better to annotate this with - * context about what we were parsing. - */ - HttpError::for_bad_request(None, format!("invalid input: {}", error)) - } -} - impl From for HttpError { fn from(error: HyperError) -> Self { /* diff --git a/dropshot/src/handler.rs b/dropshot/src/handler.rs index c17359b3..b7eb11c9 100644 --- a/dropshot/src/handler.rs +++ b/dropshot/src/handler.rs @@ -37,18 +37,15 @@ use super::error::HttpError; use super::http_util::http_extract_path_params; use super::http_util::http_read_body; use super::http_util::CONTENT_TYPE_JSON; -use super::http_util::CONTENT_TYPE_NDJSON; use super::server::DropshotState; use crate::api_description::ApiEndpointParameter; use crate::api_description::ApiEndpointParameterLocation; use crate::api_description::ApiEndpointParameterName; use crate::api_description::ApiEndpointResponse; use crate::api_description::ApiSchemaGenerator; +use crate::pagination::PaginationParams; use async_trait::async_trait; -use bytes::BufMut; -use bytes::Bytes; -use bytes::BytesMut; use futures::lock::Mutex; use http::StatusCode; use hyper::Body; @@ -58,12 +55,15 @@ use schemars::JsonSchema; use serde::de::DeserializeOwned; use serde::Serialize; use slog::Logger; +use std::cmp::min; use std::collections::BTreeMap; +use std::convert::TryFrom; use std::fmt::Debug; use std::fmt::Formatter; use std::fmt::Result as FmtResult; use std::future::Future; use std::marker::PhantomData; +use std::num::NonZeroUsize; use std::sync::Arc; /** @@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ pub type HttpHandlerResult = Result, HttpError>; /** * Handle for various interfaces useful during request processing. + */ +/* * TODO-cleanup What's the right way to package up "request"? The only time we * need it to be mutable is when we're reading the body (e.g., as part of the * JSON extractor). In order to support that, we wrap it in something that @@ -94,6 +96,61 @@ pub struct RequestContext { pub log: Logger, } +impl RequestContext { + /** + * Returns the appropriate count of items to return for a paginated request + * + * This first looks at any client-requested limit and clamps it based on the + * server-configured maximum page size. If the client did not request any + * particular limit, this function returns the server-configured default + * page size. + */ + pub fn page_limit( + &self, + pag_params: &PaginationParams, + ) -> Result + where + ScanParams: DeserializeOwned + 'static, + PageSelector: DeserializeOwned + Serialize + 'static, + { + let server_config = &self.server.config; + + Ok(pag_params + .limit + /* + * Convert the client-provided limit from a NonZeroU64 to a + * usize. That's because internally, we want the limit to be a + * "usize" so we can use functions like `iter.take()` with it (as an + * example). We could put "usize" in the public interface, but that + * would cause the server's exported interface to change when it was + * built differently, although that's arguably correct. Instead, we + * essentially validate here that the client gave us a value that we + * can support. + */ + .map(|limit_nzu64| usize::try_from(limit_nzu64.get())) + .transpose() + .map_err(|_| { + HttpError::for_bad_request( + None, + String::from("unsupported pagination limit: too large"), + ) + })? + /* + * Compare the client-provided limit to the configured max for the + * server and take the smaller one. + */ + .map(|limit_usize| { + let limit_nzusize = NonZeroUsize::new(limit_usize).unwrap(); + min(limit_nzusize, server_config.page_max_nitems) + }) + /* + * If no limit was provided by the client, use the configured + * default. + */ + .unwrap_or(server_config.page_default_nitems)) + } +} + /** * `Extractor` defines an interface allowing a type to be constructed from a * `RequestContext`. Unlike most traits, `Extractor` essentially defines only a @@ -454,11 +511,11 @@ where * structure of yours that implements `serde::Deserialize`. See this module's * documentation for more information. */ -pub struct Query { +pub struct Query { inner: QueryType, } -impl Query { +impl Query { /* * TODO drop this in favor of Deref? + Display and Debug for convenience? */ @@ -471,11 +528,11 @@ impl Query { * Given an HTTP request, pull out the query string and attempt to deserialize * it as an instance of `QueryType`. */ -fn http_request_load_query( +fn http_request_load_query( request: &Request, ) -> Result, HttpError> where - QueryType: JsonSchema + DeserializeOwned, + QueryType: DeserializeOwned + JsonSchema + Send + Sync, { let raw_query_string = request.uri().query().unwrap_or(""); /* @@ -548,7 +605,7 @@ impl Path { #[async_trait] impl Extractor for Path where - PathType: JsonSchema + DeserializeOwned + Send + Sync + 'static, + PathType: DeserializeOwned + JsonSchema + Send + Sync + 'static, { async fn from_request( rqctx: Arc, @@ -761,8 +818,9 @@ pub trait HttpTypedResponse: * and the STATUS_CODE specified by the implementing type. This is a default * trait method to allow callers to avoid redundant type specification. */ - fn for_object(&self, body_object: &Self::Body) -> HttpHandlerResult { - let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&body_object)?; + fn for_object(body_object: &Self::Body) -> HttpHandlerResult { + let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&body_object) + .map_err(|e| HttpError::for_internal_error(e.to_string()))?; Ok(Response::builder() .status(Self::STATUS_CODE) .header(http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, CONTENT_TYPE_JSON) @@ -811,7 +869,7 @@ impl { fn from(response: HttpResponseCreated) -> HttpHandlerResult { /* TODO-correctness (or polish?): add Location header */ - response.for_object(&response.0) + HttpResponseCreated::for_object(&response.0) } } @@ -833,7 +891,7 @@ impl From> for HttpHandlerResult { fn from(response: HttpResponseAccepted) -> HttpHandlerResult { - response.for_object(&response.0) + HttpResponseAccepted::for_object(&response.0) } } @@ -855,43 +913,7 @@ impl From> for HttpHandlerResult { fn from(response: HttpResponseOkObject) -> HttpHandlerResult { - response.for_object(&response.0) - } -} - -/** - * `HttpResponseOkObjectList` wraps a collection of serializable - * types. It denotes an HTTP 200 "OK" response whose body is generated by - * serializing the sequence of objects. - * TODO-polish We will probably want to add headers for the total result set - * size and the number of results that we're returning here, plus the marker. - * TODO-cleanup move/copy the type aliases from src/api_model.rs? - */ -pub struct HttpResponseOkObjectList( - pub Vec, -); -impl HttpTypedResponse - for HttpResponseOkObjectList -{ - type Body = Vec; - const STATUS_CODE: StatusCode = StatusCode::OK; -} -impl - From> for HttpHandlerResult -{ - fn from(list_wrap: HttpResponseOkObjectList) -> HttpHandlerResult { - let list = list_wrap.0; - let buffer_list = list.iter().map(serialize_json_stream_element); - let mut bytebuf = BytesMut::new(); - for maybe_buffer in buffer_list { - let buffer = maybe_buffer?; - bytebuf.put(buffer); - } - - Ok(Response::builder() - .status(HttpResponseOkObjectList::::STATUS_CODE) - .header(http::header::CONTENT_TYPE, CONTENT_TYPE_NDJSON) - .body(bytebuf.freeze().into())?) + HttpResponseOkObject::for_object(&response.0) } } @@ -930,18 +952,3 @@ impl From for HttpHandlerResult { .body(Body::empty())?) } } - -/** - * Given a Rust object representing an object in the API, serialize the object - * to JSON bytes for inclusion in a newline-delimited-JSON ("ndjson") payload. - * TODO-hardening: consider proceeding with the response even if one or more of - * the objects fails to be serialized. Otherwise, one bad database record (for - * example) could cause us to be unable to list a whole class of items. - */ -fn serialize_json_stream_element( - object: &T, -) -> Result { - let mut object_json_bytes = serde_json::to_vec(object)?; - object_json_bytes.push(b'\n'); - Ok(object_json_bytes.into()) -} diff --git a/dropshot/src/lib.rs b/dropshot/src/lib.rs index 52ab6ea6..e3ec160a 100644 --- a/dropshot/src/lib.rs +++ b/dropshot/src/lib.rs @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ * * HTTP talks about **resources**. For a REST API, we often talk about * **endpoints** or **operations**, which are identified by a combination of the - * HTTP method and the URI path + * HTTP method and the URI path. * * Example endpoints for a resource called a "project" might include: * @@ -111,13 +111,13 @@ * * The most convenient way to define an endpoint with a handler function uses * the `endpoint!` macro. Here's an example of a single endpoint that lists - * three hardcoded projects: + * a hardcoded project: * * ``` * use dropshot::endpoint; * use dropshot::ApiDescription; * use dropshot::HttpError; - * use dropshot::HttpResponseOkObjectList; + * use dropshot::HttpResponseOkObject; * use dropshot::RequestContext; * use http::Method; * use schemars::JsonSchema; @@ -131,21 +131,17 @@ * name: String, * } * - * /** Fetch the list of projects. */ + * /** Fetch a project. */ * #[endpoint { * method = GET, - * path = "/projects", + * path = "/projects/project1", * }] - * async fn myapi_projects_get( + * async fn myapi_projects_get_project( * rqctx: Arc, - * ) -> Result, HttpError> + * ) -> Result, HttpError> * { - * let projects = vec![ - * Project { name: String::from("project1") }, - * Project { name: String::from("project2") }, - * Project { name: String::from("project3") }, - * ]; - * Ok(HttpResponseOkObjectList(projects)) + * let project = Project { name: String::from("project1") }; + * Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(project)) * } * * fn main() { @@ -156,7 +152,7 @@ * * specifies the HTTP method and URI path that identify the endpoint, * * allowing this metadata to live right alongside the handler function. * */ - * api.register(myapi_projects_get).unwrap(); + * api.register(myapi_projects_get_project).unwrap(); * * /* ... (use `api` to set up an `HttpServer` ) */ * } @@ -169,9 +165,8 @@ * invoke `ApiDescription::register()`, this information is used to register * the endpoint that will be handled by our function. * * The signature of our function indicates that on success, it returns a - * `HttpResponseOkObjectList`. This means that the function will - * return an HTTP 200 status code ("OK") with a list of objects, each being an - * instance of `Project`. + * `HttpResponseOkObject`. This means that the function will + * return an HTTP 200 status code ("OK") with an object of type `Project`. * * The function itself has a Rustdoc comment that will be used to document * this _endpoint_ in the OpenAPI schema. * @@ -260,7 +255,7 @@ * Typically this should be a type that implements `HttpTypedResponse` (either * one of the Dropshot-provided ones or one of your own creation). In * situations where the response schema is not fixed, the endpoint should - * return `Response, which also implements `HttpResponse`. + * return `Response`, which also implements `HttpResponse`. * * The more specific a type returned by the handler function, the more can be * validated at build-time, and the more specific an OpenAPI schema can be @@ -275,6 +270,178 @@ * `Response`, it would be harder to tell what it actually produces (for * generating the OpenAPI spec), and no way to validate that it really does * that. + * + * + * ## Support for paginated resources + * + * "Pagination" here refers to the interface pattern where HTTP resources (or + * API endpoints) that provide a list of the items in a collection return a + * relatively small maximum number of items per request, often called a "page" + * of results. Each page includes some metadata that the client can use to make + * another request for the next page of results. The client can repeat this + * until they've gotten all the results. Limiting the number of results + * returned per request helps bound the resource utilization and time required + * for any request, which in turn facilities horizontal scalability, high + * availability, and protection against some denial of service attacks + * (intentional or otherwise). For more background, see the comments in + * dropshot/src/pagination.rs. + * + * Pagination support in Dropshot implements this common pattern: + * + * * This server exposes an **API endpoint** that returns the **items** + * contained within a **collection**. + * * The client is not allowed to list the entire collection in one request. + * Instead, they list the collection using a sequence of requests to the one + * endpoint. We call this sequence of requests a **scan** of the collection, + * and we sometimes say that the client **pages through** the collection. + * * The initial request in the scan may specify the **scan parameters**, which + * typically specify how the results are to be sorted (i.e., by which + * field(s) and whether the sort is ascending or descending), any filters to + * apply, etc. + * * Each request returns a **page** of results at a time, along with a **page + * token** that's provided with the next request as a query parameter. + * * The scan parameters cannot change between requests that are part of the + * same scan. + * * With all requests: there's a default limit (e.g., 100 items returned at a + * time). Clients can request a higher limit using a query parameter (e.g., + * `limit=1000`). This limit is capped by a hard limit on the server. If the + * client asks for more than the hard limit, the server can use the hard limit + * or reject the request. + * + * As an example, imagine that we have an API endpoint called `"/animals"`. Each + * item returned is an `Animal` object that might look like this: + * + * ```json + * { + * "name": "aardvark", + * "class": "mammal", + * "max_weight": "80", /* kilograms, typical */ + * } + * ``` + * + * There are at least 1.5 million known species of animal -- too many to return + * in one API call! Our API supports paginating them by `"name"`, which we'll + * say is a unique field in our data set. + * + * The first request to the API fetches `"/animals"` (with no querystring + * parameters) and returns: + * + * ```json + * { + * "page_token": "abc123...", + * "items": [ + * { + * "name": "aardvark", + * "class": "mammal", + * "max_weight": "80", + * }, + * ... + * { + * "name": "badger", + * "class": "mammal", + * "max_weight": "12", + * } + * ] + * } + * ``` + * + * The subsequent request to the API fetches `"/animals?page_token=abc123..."`. + * The page token `"abc123..."` is an opaque token to the client, but typically + * encodes the scan parameters and the value of the last item seen + * (`"name=badger"`). The client knows it has completed the scan when it + * receives a response with no `page_token` in it. + * + * Our API endpoint can also support scanning in reverse order. In this case, + * when the client makes the first request, it should fetch + * `"/animals?sort=name-descending"`. Now the first result might be `"zebra"`. + * Again, the page token must include the scan parameters so that in subsequent + * requests, the API endpoint knows that we're scanning backwards, not forwards, + * from the value we were given. It's not allowed to change directions or sort + * order in the middle of a scan. (You can always start a new scan, but you + * can't pick up from where you were in the previous scan.) + * + * It's also possible to support sorting by multiple fields. For example, we + * could support `sort=class-name`, which we could define to mean that we'll + * sort the results first by the animal's class, then by name. Thus we'd get + * all the amphibians in sorted order, then all the mammals, then all the + * reptiles. The main requirement is that the combination of fields used for + * pagination must be unique. We cannot paginate by the animal's class alone. + * (To see why: there are over 6,000 mammals. If the page size is, say, 1000, + * then the page_token would say `"mammal"`, but there's not enough information + * there to see where we are within the list of mammals. It doesn't matter + * whether there are 2 mammals or 6,000 because clients can limit the page size + * to just one item if they want and that ought to work.) + * + * + * ### Dropshot interfaces for pagination + * + * We can think of pagination in two parts: the input (handling the pagination + * query parameters) and the output (emitting a page of results, including the + * page token). + * + * For input, a paginated API endpoint's handler function should accept a + * [`Query`]`<`[`PaginationParams`]`>`, where + * `ScanParams` is a consumer-defined type specifying the parameters of the scan + * (typically including the sort fields, sort order, and filter options) and + * `PageSelector` is a consumer-defined type describing the page token. The + * PageSelector will be serialized to JSON and base64-encoded to construct the + * page token. This will be automatically parsed on the way back in. + * + * For output, a paginated API endpoint's handler function can return + * `Result<`[`HttpResponseOkObject`]<[`ResultsPage`]`, HttpError>` where `T: + * Serialize` is the item listed by the endpoint. You can also use your own + * structure that contains a [`ResultsPage`] (possibly using + * `#[serde(flatten)]`), if that's the behavior you want. + * + * There are several complete, documented examples in the "examples" directory. + * + * + * ### Advanced usage notes + * + * It's possible to accept additional query parameters besides the pagination + * parameters by having your API endpoint handler function take two different + * arguments using `Query`, like this: + * + * ``` + * use dropshot::HttpError; + * use dropshot::HttpResponseOkObject; + * use dropshot::PaginationParams; + * use dropshot::Query; + * use dropshot::RequestContext; + * use dropshot::ResultsPage; + * use dropshot::endpoint; + * use schemars::JsonSchema; + * use serde::Deserialize; + * use std::sync::Arc; + * # use serde::Serialize; + * # #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema)] + * # enum MyScanParams { A }; + * # #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] + * # enum MyPageSelector { A(String) }; + * #[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema)] + * struct MyExtraQueryParams { + * do_extra_stuff: bool, + * } + * + * #[endpoint { + * method = GET, + * path = "/list_stuff" + * }] + * async fn my_list_api( + * rqctx: Arc, + * pag_params: Query>, + * extra_params: Query, + * ) -> Result>, HttpError> + * { + * # unimplemented!(); + * /* ... */ + * } + * ``` + * + * You might expect that instead of doing this, you could define your own + * structure that includes a `PaginationParams` using `#[serde(flatten)]`, and + * this ought to work, but it currently doesn't due to serde_urlencoded#33, + * which is really serde#1183. */ mod api_description; @@ -283,6 +450,7 @@ mod error; mod handler; mod http_util; mod logging; +mod pagination; mod router; mod server; @@ -305,7 +473,6 @@ pub use handler::HttpResponseAccepted; pub use handler::HttpResponseCreated; pub use handler::HttpResponseDeleted; pub use handler::HttpResponseOkObject; -pub use handler::HttpResponseOkObjectList; pub use handler::HttpResponseUpdatedNoContent; pub use handler::Json; pub use handler::Path; @@ -317,6 +484,11 @@ pub use http_util::HEADER_REQUEST_ID; pub use logging::ConfigLogging; pub use logging::ConfigLoggingIfExists; pub use logging::ConfigLoggingLevel; +pub use pagination::EmptyScanParams; +pub use pagination::PaginationOrder; +pub use pagination::PaginationParams; +pub use pagination::ResultsPage; +pub use pagination::WhichPage; pub use server::HttpServer; /* diff --git a/dropshot/src/pagination.rs b/dropshot/src/pagination.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4ab5185e --- /dev/null +++ b/dropshot/src/pagination.rs @@ -0,0 +1,801 @@ +// Copyright 2020 Oxide Computer Company +/*! + * Detailed end-user documentation for pagination lives in the Dropshot top- + * level block comment. Here we discuss some of the design choices. + * + * ## Background: patterns for pagination + * + * [In their own API design guidelines, Google describes an approach similar to + * the one we use][1]. There are many ways to implement the page token with + * many different tradeoffs. The one described in the Dropshot top-level block + * comment has a lot of nice properties: + * + * * For APIs backed by a database of some kind, it's usually straightforward to + * use an existing primary key or other unique, sortable field (or combination + * of fields) as the token. + * + * * If the client scans all the way through the collection, they will see every + * object that existed both before the scan and after the scan and was not + * renamed during the scan. (This isn't true for schemes that use a simple + * numeric offset as the token.) + * + * * There's no server-side state associated with the token, so it's no problem + * if the server crashes between requests or if subsequent requests are + * handled by a different instance. (This isn't true for schemes that store + * the result set on the server.) + * + * * It's often straightforward to support a reversed-order scan as well -- this + * may just be a matter of flipping the inequality used for a database query. + * + * * It's easy to support sorting by a single field, and with some care it's + * possible to support queries on multiple different fields, even at the same + * time. An API can support listing by any unique, sortable combination of + * fields. For example, say our Projects have a modification time ("mtime") + * as well. We could support listing projects alphabetically by name _or_ in + * order of most recently modified. For the latter, since the modification + * time is generally not unique, and the marker must be unique, we'd really be + * listing by an ("mtime" descending, "name" ascending) tuple. + * + * The interfaces here are intended to support this sort of use case. For APIs + * backed by traditional RDBMS databases, see [this post for background on + * various ways to page through a large set of data][2]. (What we're describing + * here leverages what this post calls "keyset pagination".) + * + * Another consideration in designing pagination is whether the token ought to + * be explicit and meaningful to the user or just an opaque token (likely + * encoded in some way). It can be convenient for developers to use APIs where + * the token is explicitly intended to be one of the fields of the object (e.g., + * so that you could list animals starting in the middle by just requesting + * `?animal_name=moose`), but this puts constraints on the server because + * clients may come to depend on specific fields being supported and sorted in a + * certain way. Dropshot takes the approach of using an encoded token that + * includes information about the whole scan (e.g., the sort order). This makes + * it possible to identify cases that might otherwise result in confusing + * behavior (e.g., a client lists projects in ascending order, but then asks for + * the next page in descending order). The token also includes a version number + * so that it can be evolved in the future. + * + * + * ## Background: Why paginate HTTP APIs in the first place? + * + * Pagination helps ensure that the cost of a request in terms of resource + * utilization remains O(1) -- that is, it can be bounded above by a constant + * rather than scaling proportionally with any of the request parameters. This + * simplifies utilization monitoring, capacity planning, and scale-out + * activities for the service, since operators can think of the service in terms + * of one unit that needs to be scaled up. (It's still a very complex process, + * but it would be significantly harder if requests weren't O(1).) + * + * Similarly, pagination helps ensure that the time required for a request is + * O(1) under normal conditions. This makes it easier to define expectations + * for service latency and to monitor that latency to determine if those + * expectations are violated. Generally, if latency increases, then the service + * is unhealthy, and a crisp definition of "unhealthy" is important to operate a + * service with high availability. If requests weren't O(1), an increase in + * latency might just reflect a changing workload that's still performing within + * expectations -- e.g., clients listing larger collections than they were + * before, but still getting results promptly. That would make it much harder + * to see when the service really is unhealthy. + * + * Finally, bounding requests to O(1) work is a critical mitigation for common + * (if basic) denial-of-service (DoS) attacks because it requires that clients + * consume resources commensurate with the server costs that they're imposing. + * If a service exposes an API that does work proportional to some parameter, + * then it's cheap to launch a DoS on the service by just invoking that API with + * a large parameter. By contrast, if the client has to do work that scales + * linearly with the work the server has to do, then the client's costs go up in + * order to scale up the attack. + * + * Along these lines, connections and requests consume finite server resources + * like open file descriptors and database connections. If a service is built + * so that requests are all supposed to take about the same amount of time (or + * at least that there's a constant upper bound), then it may be possible to use + * a simple timeout scheme to cancel requests that are taking too long, as might + * happen if a malicious client finds some way to cause requests to hang or take + * a very long time. + * + * [1]: https://cloud.google.com/apis/design/design_patterns#list_pagination + * [2]: https://www.citusdata.com/blog/2016/03/30/five-ways-to-paginate/ + */ + +use crate::error::HttpError; +use base64::URL_SAFE; +use schemars::JsonSchema; +use serde::de::DeserializeOwned; +use serde::Deserialize; +use serde::Serialize; +use std::convert::TryFrom; +use std::fmt::Debug; +use std::num::NonZeroU64; + +/** + * A page of results from a paginated API + * + * This structure is intended for use both on the server side (to generate the + * results page) and on the client side (to parse it). + */ +#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +pub struct ResultsPage { + /** token used to fetch the next page of results (if any) */ + pub next_page: Option, + /** list of items on this page of results */ + pub items: Vec, +} + +impl ResultsPage { + /** + * Construct a new results page from the list of `items`. `page_selector` + * is a function used to construct the page token that clients will provide + * to fetch the next page of results. `scan_params` is provided to the + * `page_selector` function, since the token may depend on the type of scan. + */ + pub fn new( + items: Vec, + scan_params: &ScanParams, + get_page_selector: F, + ) -> Result, HttpError> + where + F: Fn(&ItemType, &ScanParams) -> PageSelector, + PageSelector: Serialize, + { + let next_page = items + .last() + .map(|last_item| { + let selector = get_page_selector(last_item, scan_params); + serialize_page_token(selector) + }) + .transpose()?; + + Ok(ResultsPage { + next_page, + items, + }) + } +} + +/** + * Querystring parameters provided by clients when scanning a paginated + * collection + * + * To build an API endpoint that paginates results, you have your handler + * function accept a `Query>` and + * return a [`ResultsPage`]. You define your own `ScanParams` and + * `PageSelector` types. + * + * `ScanParams` describes the set of querystring parameters that your endpoint + * accepts for the _first_ request of the scan (typically: filters and sort + * options). This must be deserializable from a querystring. + * + * `PageSelector` describes the information your endpoint needs for requests + * after the first one. Typically this would include an id of some sort for the + * last item on the previous page as well as any parameters related to filtering + * or sorting so that your function can apply those, too. The entire + * `PageSelector` will be serialized to an opaque string and included in the + * [`ResultsPage`]. The client is expected to provide this string as the + * `"page_token"` querystring parameter in the subsequent request. + * `PageSelector` must implement both [`Deserialize`] and [`Serialize`]. + * (Unlike `ScanParams`, `PageSelector` will not be deserialized directly from + * the querystring.) + * + * There are several complete, documented examples in `dropshot/examples`. + * + * **NOTE:** Your choices of `ScanParams` and `PageSelector` determine the + * querystring parameters accepted by your endpoint and the structure of the + * page token, respectively. Both of these are part of your API's public + * interface, though the page token won't appear in the OpenAPI spec. Be + * careful when designing these structures to consider what you might want to + * support in the future. + */ +#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema)] +#[serde(bound(deserialize = "PageSelector: DeserializeOwned, ScanParams: \ + DeserializeOwned"))] +/* + * RawPaginationParams represents the structure the serde can actually decode + * from the querystring. This is a little awkward for consumers to use, so we + * present a cleaner version here. We populate this one from the raw version + * using the `TryFrom` implementation below. + */ +#[serde(try_from = "RawPaginationParams")] +pub struct PaginationParams { + /** + * Specifies whether this is the first request in a scan or a subsequent + * request, as well as the parameters provided + * + * See [`WhichPage`] for details. Note that this field is flattened by + * serde, so you have to look at the variants of [`WhichPage`] to see what + * query parameters are actually processed here. + */ + #[serde(flatten)] + pub page: WhichPage, + + /** + * Client-requested limit on page size (optional) + * + * Consumers should use [`dropshot::RequestContext::page_limit()`] to access + * this value. + */ + pub(crate) limit: Option, +} + +/** + * Describes whether the client is beginning a new scan or resuming an existing + * one + * + * In either case, this type provides access to consumer-defined parameters for + * the particular type of request. See [`PaginationParams`] for more + * information. + */ +#[derive(Debug, JsonSchema)] +pub enum WhichPage { + /** + * Indicates that the client is beginning a new scan + * + * `ScanParams` are the consumer-defined parameters for beginning a new scan + * (e.g., filters, sort options, etc.) + */ + First(ScanParams), + + /** + * Indicates that the client is resuming a previous scan + * + * `PageSelector` are the consumer-defined parameters for resuming a + * previous scan (e.g., any scan parameters, plus a marker to indicate the + * last result seen by the client). + */ + Next(PageSelector), +} + +/** + * `ScanParams` for use with `PaginationParams` when the API endpoint has no + * scan parameters (i.e., it always iterates items in the collection in the same + * way). + */ +#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema)] +pub struct EmptyScanParams {} + +/** + * The order in which the client wants to page through the requested collection + */ +#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema, PartialEq, Serialize)] +#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")] +pub enum PaginationOrder { + Ascending, + Descending, +} + +/* + * Token and querystring serialization and deserialization + * + * Page tokens essentially take the consumer's PageSelector struct, add a + * version number, serialize that as JSON, and base64-encode the result. This + * token is returned in any response from a paginated API, and the client will + * pass it back as a query parameter for subsequent pagination requests. This + * approach allows us to rev the serialized form if needed (see + * `PaginationVersion`) and add other metadata in a backwards-compatiable way. + * It also emphasizes to clients that the token should be treated as opaque, + * though it's obviously not resistant to tampering. + */ + +/** + * Maximum length of a page token once the consumer-provided type is serialized + * and the result is base64-encoded + * + * We impose a maximum length primarily to prevent a client from making us parse + * extremely large strings. We apply this limit when we create tokens to avoid + * handing out a token that can't be used. + * + * Note that these tokens are passed in the HTTP request line (before the + * headers), and many HTTP implementations impose a limit as low as 8KiB on the + * size of the request line and headers together, so it's a good idea to keep + * this as small as we can. + */ +const MAX_TOKEN_LENGTH: usize = 512; + +/** + * Version for the pagination token serialization format + * + * This may seem like overkill, but it allows us to rev this in a future version + * of Dropshot without breaking any ongoing scans when the change is deployed. + * If we rev this, we might need to provide a way for clients to request at + * runtime which version of token to generate so that if they do a rolling + * upgrade of multiple instances, they can configure the instances to generate + * v1 tokens until the rollout is complete, then switch on the new token + * version. Obviously, it would be better to avoid revving this version if + * possible! + * + * Note that consumers still need to consider compatibility if they change their + * own `ScanParams` or `PageSelector` types. + */ +#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema, PartialEq, Serialize)] +#[serde(rename_all = "lowercase")] +enum PaginationVersion { + V1, +} + +/** + * Parts of the pagination token that actually get serialized + */ +#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)] +struct SerializedToken { + v: PaginationVersion, + page_start: PageSelector, +} + +/** + * Construct a serialized page token from a consumer's page selector + */ +fn serialize_page_token( + page_start: PageSelector, +) -> Result { + let token_bytes = { + let serialized_token = SerializedToken { + v: PaginationVersion::V1, + page_start: page_start, + }; + + let json_bytes = + serde_json::to_vec(&serialized_token).map_err(|e| { + HttpError::for_internal_error(format!( + "failed to serialize token: {}", + e + )) + })?; + + base64::encode_config(json_bytes, URL_SAFE) + }; + + /* + * TODO-robustness is there a way for us to know at compile-time that + * this won't be a problem? What if we say that PageSelector has to be + * Sized? That won't guarantee that this will work, but wouldn't that + * mean that if it ever works, then it will always work? But would that + * interface be a pain to use, given that variable-length strings are + * very common in the token? + */ + if token_bytes.len() > MAX_TOKEN_LENGTH { + return Err(HttpError::for_internal_error(format!( + "serialized token is too large ({} bytes, max is {})", + token_bytes.len(), + MAX_TOKEN_LENGTH + ))); + } + + Ok(token_bytes) +} + +/** + * Deserialize a token from the given string into the consumer's page selector + * type + */ +fn deserialize_page_token( + token_str: &str, +) -> Result { + if token_str.len() > MAX_TOKEN_LENGTH { + return Err(String::from( + "failed to parse pagination token: too large", + )); + } + + let json_bytes = base64::decode_config(token_str.as_bytes(), URL_SAFE) + .map_err(|e| format!("failed to parse pagination token: {}", e))?; + + /* + * TODO-debugging: we don't want the user to have to know about the + * internal structure of the token, so the error message here doesn't + * say anything about that. However, it would be nice if we could + * create an internal error message that included the serde_json error, + * which would have more context for someone looking at the server logs + * to figure out what happened with this request. Our own `HttpError` + * supports this, but it seems like serde only preserves the to_string() + * output of the error anyway. It's not clear how else we could + * propagate this information out. + */ + let deserialized: SerializedToken = + serde_json::from_slice(&json_bytes).map_err(|_| { + format!("failed to parse pagination token: corrupted token") + })?; + + if deserialized.v != PaginationVersion::V1 { + return Err(format!( + "failed to parse pagination token: unsupported version: {:?}", + deserialized.v, + )); + } + + Ok(deserialized.page_start) +} + +/* See `PaginationParams` above for why this raw form exists. */ +#[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema)] +struct RawPaginationParams { + #[serde(flatten)] + page_params: RawWhichPage, + limit: Option, +} + +/* + * See `PaginationParams` above for why this raw form exists. + * + * This enum definition looks a little strange because it's designed so that + * serde will deserialize exactly the input we want to support. In REST APIs, + * callers typically provide either the parameters to resume a scan (in our + * case, just "page_token") or the parameters to begin a new one (which can be + * any set of parameters that our consumer wants). There's generally no + * separate field to indicate which case they're requesting. Fortunately, + * serde(untagged) implements this behavior precisely, with one caveat: the + * variants below are tried in order until one succeeds. So for this to work, + * `Next` must be defined before `First`, since any set of parameters at all + * (including no parameters at all) might be valid for `First`. + */ +#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema)] +#[serde(untagged)] +enum RawWhichPage { + Next { page_token: String }, + First(ScanParams), +} + +/* + * Converts from `RawPaginationParams` (what actually comes in over the wire) to + * `PaginationParams` (what we expose to consumers). This isn't wholly + * different, but it's more convenient for consumers to use and (somewhat) + * decouples our consumer interface from the on-the-wire representation. + */ +impl TryFrom> + for PaginationParams +where + PageSelector: DeserializeOwned, +{ + type Error = String; + + fn try_from( + raw: RawPaginationParams, + ) -> Result, String> { + match raw.page_params { + RawWhichPage::First(scan_params) => Ok(PaginationParams { + page: WhichPage::First(scan_params), + limit: raw.limit, + }), + RawWhichPage::Next { + page_token, + } => { + let page_start = deserialize_page_token(&page_token)?; + Ok(PaginationParams { + page: WhichPage::Next(page_start), + limit: raw.limit, + }) + } + } + } +} + +#[cfg(test)] +mod test { + use super::deserialize_page_token; + use super::serialize_page_token; + use super::PaginationParams; + use super::ResultsPage; + use super::WhichPage; + use serde::de::DeserializeOwned; + use serde::Deserialize; + use serde::Serialize; + use std::num::NonZeroU64; + + #[test] + fn test_page_token_serialization() { + #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize)] + struct MyToken { + x: u16, + } + + #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)] + struct MyOtherToken { + x: u8, + } + + /* + * The most basic functionality is that if we serialize something and + * then deserialize the result of that, we get back the original thing. + */ + let before = MyToken { + x: 1025, + }; + let serialized = serialize_page_token(&before).unwrap(); + let after: MyToken = deserialize_page_token(&serialized).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(after.x, 1025); + + /* + * We should also sanity-check that if we try to deserialize it as the + * wrong type, that will fail. + */ + let error = + deserialize_page_token::(&serialized).unwrap_err(); + assert!(error.contains("corrupted token")); + + /* + * Try serializing the maximum possible size. (This was empirically + * determined at the time of this writing.) + */ + #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)] + struct TokenWithStr { + s: String, + } + let input = TokenWithStr { + s: String::from_utf8(vec![b'e'; 352]).unwrap(), + }; + let serialized = serialize_page_token(&input).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(serialized.len(), super::MAX_TOKEN_LENGTH); + let output: TokenWithStr = deserialize_page_token(&serialized).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(input.s, output.s); + + /* + * Error cases make up the rest of this test. + * + * Start by attempting to serialize a token larger than the maximum + * allowed size. + */ + let input = TokenWithStr { + s: String::from_utf8(vec![b'e'; 353]).unwrap(), + }; + let error = serialize_page_token(&input).unwrap_err(); + assert_eq!(error.status_code, http::StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR); + assert_eq!(error.external_message, "Internal Server Error"); + assert!(error + .internal_message + .contains("serialized token is too large")); + + /* Non-base64 */ + let error = + deserialize_page_token::("not base 64").unwrap_err(); + assert!(error.contains("failed to parse")); + + /* Non-JSON */ + let error = + deserialize_page_token::(&base64::encode("{")) + .unwrap_err(); + assert!(error.contains("corrupted token")); + + /* Wrong top-level JSON type */ + let error = + deserialize_page_token::(&base64::encode("[]")) + .unwrap_err(); + assert!(error.contains("corrupted token")); + + /* Structure does not match our general Dropshot schema. */ + let error = + deserialize_page_token::(&base64::encode("{}")) + .unwrap_err(); + assert!(error.contains("corrupted token")); + + /* Bad version */ + let error = deserialize_page_token::(&base64::encode( + "{\"v\":11}", + )) + .unwrap_err(); + assert!(error.contains("corrupted token")); + } + + /* + * It's worth testing parsing around PaginationParams and WhichPage because + * is a little non-trivial, owing to the use of untagged enums (which rely + * on the ordering of fields), some optional fields, an extra layer of + * indirection using `TryFrom`, etc. + * + * This is also the primary place where we test things like non-positive + * values of "limit" being rejected, so even though the implementation in + * our code is trivial, this functions more like an integration or system + * test for those parameters. + */ + #[test] + fn test_pagparams_parsing() { + /* + * TODO-correctness Recall that `RawWhichPage` is an untagged enum in + * order to support idiomatic querystring parameters for HTTP. Namely, + * we want the behavior that if "page_token" is present, then we treat + * it as a NextPage. Otherwise, it's a FirstPage. The user's + * `ScanParams` type essentially becomes a variant of the untagged enum. + * Due to nox/serde_urlencoded#66 (which is really serde-rs/serde#1183), + * the user's `ScanParams` type does not support any types other than + * String. We should fix this and then add tests for it here. + */ + #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)] + struct MyScanParams { + the_field: String, + only_good: Option, + } + + #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)] + struct MyOptionalScanParams { + the_field: Option, + only_good: Option, + } + + #[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)] + struct MyPageSelector { + the_page: u8, + } + + /* + * "First page" cases + */ + + fn parse_as_first_page( + querystring: &str, + ) -> (T, Option) { + let pagparams: PaginationParams = + serde_urlencoded::from_str(querystring).unwrap(); + let limit = pagparams.limit; + let scan_params = match pagparams.page { + WhichPage::Next(..) => panic!("expected first page"), + WhichPage::First(x) => x, + }; + (scan_params, limit) + } + + /* basic case: optional boolean specified, limit unspecified */ + let (scan, limit) = parse_as_first_page::( + "the_field=name&only_good=true", + ); + assert_eq!(scan.the_field, "name".to_string()); + assert_eq!(scan.only_good, Some("true".to_string())); + assert_eq!(limit, None); + + /* optional boolean specified but false, limit unspecified */ + let (scan, limit) = + parse_as_first_page::("the_field=&only_good=false"); + assert_eq!(scan.the_field, "".to_string()); + assert_eq!(scan.only_good, Some("false".to_string())); + assert_eq!(limit, None); + + /* optional boolean unspecified, limit is valid */ + let (scan, limit) = + parse_as_first_page::("the_field=name&limit=3"); + assert_eq!(scan.the_field, "name".to_string()); + assert_eq!(scan.only_good, None); + assert_eq!(limit.unwrap().get(), 3); + + /* empty query string when all parameters are optional */ + let (scan, limit) = parse_as_first_page::(""); + assert_eq!(scan.the_field, None); + assert_eq!(scan.only_good, None); + assert_eq!(limit, None); + + /* extra parameters are fine */ + let (scan, limit) = parse_as_first_page::( + "the_field=name&limit=17&boomtown=okc", + ); + assert_eq!(scan.the_field, Some("name".to_string())); + assert_eq!(scan.only_good, None); + assert_eq!(limit.unwrap().get(), 17); + + /* + * Error cases, including errors parsing first page parameters. + * + * TODO-polish The actual error messages for the following cases are + * pretty poor, so we don't test them here, but we should clean these + * up. + */ + fn parse_as_error(querystring: &str) -> serde_urlencoded::de::Error { + serde_urlencoded::from_str::< + PaginationParams, + >(querystring) + .unwrap_err() + } + + /* missing required field ("the_field") */ + parse_as_error(""); + /* invalid limit (number out of range) */ + parse_as_error("the_field=name&limit=0"); + parse_as_error("the_field=name&limit=-3"); + /* invalid limit (not a number) */ + parse_as_error("the_field=name&limit=abcd"); + /* + * Invalid page token (bad base64 length) + * Other test cases for deserializing tokens are tested elsewhere. + */ + parse_as_error("page_token=q"); + + /* + * "Next page" cases + */ + + fn parse_as_next_page( + querystring: &str, + ) -> (MyPageSelector, Option) { + let pagparams: PaginationParams = + serde_urlencoded::from_str(querystring).unwrap(); + let limit = pagparams.limit; + let page_selector = match pagparams.page { + WhichPage::Next(x) => x, + WhichPage::First(_) => panic!("expected next page"), + }; + (page_selector, limit) + } + + /* basic case */ + let token = serialize_page_token(&MyPageSelector { + the_page: 123, + }) + .unwrap(); + let (page_selector, limit) = + parse_as_next_page(&format!("page_token={}", token)); + assert_eq!(page_selector.the_page, 123); + assert_eq!(limit, None); + + /* limit is also accepted */ + let (page_selector, limit) = + parse_as_next_page(&format!("page_token={}&limit=12", token)); + assert_eq!(page_selector.the_page, 123); + assert_eq!(limit.unwrap().get(), 12); + + /* + * Having parameters appropriate to the scan params doesn't change the + * way this is interpreted. + */ + let (page_selector, limit) = parse_as_next_page(&format!( + "the_field=name&page_token={}&limit=3", + token + )); + assert_eq!(page_selector.the_page, 123); + assert_eq!(limit.unwrap().get(), 3); + + /* invalid limits (same as above) */ + parse_as_error(&format!("page_token={}&limit=0", token)); + parse_as_error(&format!("page_token={}&limit=-3", token)); + + /* + * We ought not to promise much about what happens if the user's + * ScanParams has a "page_token" field. In practice, ours always takes + * precedence (and it's not clear how else this could work). + */ + #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)] + struct SketchyScanParams { + page_token: String, + } + + let pagparams: PaginationParams = + serde_urlencoded::from_str(&format!("page_token={}", token)) + .unwrap(); + assert_eq!(pagparams.limit, None); + match &pagparams.page { + WhichPage::First(..) => { + panic!("expected NextPage even with page_token in ScanParams") + } + WhichPage::Next(p) => { + assert_eq!(p.the_page, 123); + } + } + } + + #[test] + fn test_results_page() { + /* + * It would be a neat paginated fibonacci API if the page selector was + * just the last two numbers! Dropshot doesn't support that and it's + * not clear that's a practical use case anyway. + */ + let items = vec![1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13]; + let dummy_scan_params = 21; + #[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Serialize)] + struct FibPageSelector { + prev: usize, + } + let get_page = |item: &usize, scan_params: &usize| FibPageSelector { + prev: *item + *scan_params, + }; + + let results = + ResultsPage::new(items.clone(), &dummy_scan_params, get_page) + .unwrap(); + assert_eq!(results.items, items); + assert!(results.next_page.is_some()); + let token = results.next_page.unwrap(); + let deserialized: FibPageSelector = + deserialize_page_token(&token).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(deserialized.prev, 34); + + let results = + ResultsPage::new(Vec::new(), &dummy_scan_params, get_page).unwrap(); + assert_eq!(results.items.len(), 0); + assert!(results.next_page.is_none()); + } +} diff --git a/dropshot/src/server.rs b/dropshot/src/server.rs index 2b1b8ed2..feb62896 100644 --- a/dropshot/src/server.rs +++ b/dropshot/src/server.rs @@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ use hyper::Request; use hyper::Response; use std::any::Any; use std::net::SocketAddr; +use std::num::NonZeroUsize; use std::sync::Arc; use std::task::Context; use std::task::Poll; @@ -51,6 +52,10 @@ pub struct DropshotState { pub struct ServerConfig { /** maximum allowed size of a request body */ pub request_body_max_bytes: usize, + /** maximum size of any page of results */ + pub page_max_nitems: NonZeroUsize, + /** default size for a page of results */ + pub page_default_nitems: NonZeroUsize, } /** @@ -129,6 +134,8 @@ impl HttpServer { config: ServerConfig { /* We start aggressively to ensure test coverage. */ request_body_max_bytes: 1024, + page_max_nitems: NonZeroUsize::new(10000).unwrap(), + page_default_nitems: NonZeroUsize::new(100).unwrap(), }, router: api.into_router(), log: log.new(o!()), diff --git a/dropshot/src/test_util.rs b/dropshot/src/test_util.rs index a7c3f304..da70c9a4 100644 --- a/dropshot/src/test_util.rs +++ b/dropshot/src/test_util.rs @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ use crate::api_description::ApiDescription; use crate::config::ConfigDropshot; use crate::error::HttpErrorResponseBody; use crate::logging::ConfigLogging; +use crate::pagination::ResultsPage; use crate::server::HttpServer; /** @@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ impl ClientTestContext { * appends the path to a base URL constructed from the server's IP address * and port. */ - fn url(&self, path: &str) -> Uri { + pub fn url(&self, path: &str) -> Uri { Uri::builder() .scheme("http") .authority(format!("{}", self.bind_address).as_str()) @@ -248,8 +249,8 @@ impl ClientTestContext { .to_string(); /* - * For "204 No Content" responses, validate that we got no content in the - * body. + * For "204 No Content" responses, validate that we got no content in + * the body. */ if status == StatusCode::NO_CONTENT { let body_bytes = to_bytes(response.body_mut()) @@ -575,6 +576,29 @@ pub async fn objects_list( read_ndjson::(&mut response).await } +/** + * Fetches a page of resources from the API. + */ +pub async fn objects_list_page( + client: &ClientTestContext, + list_url: &str, +) -> ResultsPage +where + ItemType: DeserializeOwned, +{ + let mut response = client + .make_request_with_body( + Method::GET, + &list_url, + "".into(), + StatusCode::OK, + ) + .await + .unwrap(); + + read_json::>(&mut response).await +} + /** * Issues an HTTP POST to the specified collection URL to create an object. */ diff --git a/dropshot/tests/common/mod.rs b/dropshot/tests/common/mod.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2f519c91 --- /dev/null +++ b/dropshot/tests/common/mod.rs @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +// Copyright 2020 Oxide Computer Company +/*! + * Common facilities for automated testing. + */ + +use dropshot::test_util::LogContext; +use dropshot::test_util::TestContext; +use dropshot::ApiDescription; +use dropshot::ConfigDropshot; +use dropshot::ConfigLogging; +use dropshot::ConfigLoggingIfExists; +use dropshot::ConfigLoggingLevel; +use std::sync::Arc; + +pub fn test_setup(test_name: &str, api: ApiDescription) -> TestContext { + /* + * The IP address to which we bind can be any local IP, but we use + * 127.0.0.1 because we know it's present, it shouldn't expose this server + * on any external network, and we don't have to go looking for some other + * local IP (likely in a platform-specific way). We specify port 0 to + * request any available port. This is important because we may run + * multiple concurrent tests, so any fixed port could result in spurious + * failures due to port conflicts. + */ + let config_dropshot = ConfigDropshot { + bind_address: "127.0.0.1:0".parse().unwrap(), + }; + + let config_logging = ConfigLogging::File { + level: ConfigLoggingLevel::Debug, + path: "UNUSED".to_string(), + if_exists: ConfigLoggingIfExists::Fail, + }; + + let logctx = LogContext::new(test_name, &config_logging); + let log = logctx.log.new(o!()); + TestContext::new( + api, + Arc::new(0 as usize), + &config_dropshot, + Some(logctx), + log, + ) +} diff --git a/dropshot/tests/test_demo.rs b/dropshot/tests/test_demo.rs index b632d22c..564d1556 100644 --- a/dropshot/tests/test_demo.rs +++ b/dropshot/tests/test_demo.rs @@ -17,13 +17,7 @@ use dropshot::test_util::read_json; use dropshot::test_util::read_string; -use dropshot::test_util::LogContext; -use dropshot::test_util::TestContext; use dropshot::ApiDescription; -use dropshot::ConfigDropshot; -use dropshot::ConfigLogging; -use dropshot::ConfigLoggingIfExists; -use dropshot::ConfigLoggingLevel; use dropshot::HttpError; use dropshot::Json; use dropshot::Path; @@ -44,38 +38,29 @@ use uuid::Uuid; #[macro_use] extern crate slog; -fn test_setup(test_name: &str) -> TestContext { +mod common; + +fn demo_api() -> ApiDescription { + let mut api = ApiDescription::new(); + api.register(demo_handler_args_1).unwrap(); + api.register(demo_handler_args_2query).unwrap(); + api.register(demo_handler_args_2json).unwrap(); + api.register(demo_handler_args_3).unwrap(); + api.register(demo_handler_path_param_string).unwrap(); + api.register(demo_handler_path_param_uuid).unwrap(); + /* - * The IP address to which we bind can be any local IP, but we use - * 127.0.0.1 because we know it's present, it shouldn't expose this server - * on any external network, and we don't have to go looking for some other - * local IP (likely in a platform-specific way). We specify port 0 to - * request any available port. This is important because we may run - * multiple concurrent tests, so any fixed port could result in spurious - * failures due to port conflicts. + * We don't need to exhaustively test these cases, as they're tested by unit + * tests. */ - let config_dropshot = ConfigDropshot { - bind_address: "127.0.0.1:0".parse().unwrap(), - }; - - let config_logging = ConfigLogging::File { - level: ConfigLoggingLevel::Debug, - path: "UNUSED".to_string(), - if_exists: ConfigLoggingIfExists::Fail, - }; + let error = api.register(demo_handler_path_param_impossible).unwrap_err(); + assert_eq!( + error, + "path parameters are not consumed (different_param_name) and \ + specified parameters do not appear in the path (test1)" + ); - let mut api = ApiDescription::new(); - register_test_endpoints(&mut api); - let logctx = LogContext::new(test_name, &config_logging); - - let log = logctx.log.new(o!()); - TestContext::new( - api, - Arc::new(0 as usize), - &config_dropshot, - Some(logctx), - log, - ) + api } /* @@ -84,7 +69,8 @@ fn test_setup(test_name: &str) -> TestContext { */ #[tokio::test] async fn test_demo1() { - let testctx = test_setup("demo1"); + let api = demo_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("demo1", api); let private = testctx.server.app_private(); let p = private.downcast::().expect("wrong type for private data"); @@ -114,7 +100,8 @@ async fn test_demo1() { */ #[tokio::test] async fn test_demo2query() { - let testctx = test_setup("demo2query"); + let api = demo_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("demo2query", api); /* Test case: optional field missing */ let mut response = testctx @@ -204,7 +191,8 @@ async fn test_demo2query() { */ #[tokio::test] async fn test_demo2json() { - let testctx = test_setup("demo2json"); + let api = demo_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("demo2json", api); /* Test case: optional field */ let input = DemoJsonBody { @@ -297,7 +285,8 @@ async fn test_demo2json() { */ #[tokio::test] async fn test_demo3json() { - let testctx = test_setup("demo3json"); + let api = demo_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("demo3json", api); /* Test case: everything filled in. */ let json_input = DemoJsonBody { @@ -363,7 +352,8 @@ async fn test_demo3json() { */ #[tokio::test] async fn test_demo_path_param_string() { - let testctx = test_setup("demo_path_param_string"); + let api = demo_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("demo_path_param_string", api); /* * Simple error cases. All of these should produce 404 "Not Found" errors. @@ -429,6 +419,8 @@ async fn test_demo_path_param_string() { let json: DemoPathString = read_json(&mut response).await; assert_eq!(json.test1, matched_part); } + + testctx.teardown().await; } /* @@ -436,7 +428,8 @@ async fn test_demo_path_param_string() { */ #[tokio::test] async fn test_demo_path_param_uuid() { - let testctx = test_setup("demo_path_param_uuid"); + let api = demo_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("demo_path_param_uuid", api); /* * Error case: not a valid uuid. The other error cases are the same as for @@ -471,30 +464,13 @@ async fn test_demo_path_param_uuid() { .unwrap(); let json: DemoPathUuid = read_json(&mut response).await; assert_eq!(json.test1.to_string(), uuid_str); + + testctx.teardown().await; } /* * Demo handler functions */ -pub fn register_test_endpoints(api: &mut ApiDescription) { - api.register(demo_handler_args_1).unwrap(); - api.register(demo_handler_args_2query).unwrap(); - api.register(demo_handler_args_2json).unwrap(); - api.register(demo_handler_args_3).unwrap(); - api.register(demo_handler_path_param_string).unwrap(); - api.register(demo_handler_path_param_uuid).unwrap(); - - /* - * We don't need to exhaustively test these cases, as they're tested by unit - * tests. - */ - let error = api.register(demo_handler_path_param_impossible).unwrap_err(); - assert_eq!( - error, - "path parameters are not consumed (different_param_name) and \ - specified parameters do not appear in the path (test1)" - ); -} #[endpoint { method = GET, diff --git a/dropshot/tests/test_openapi.json b/dropshot/tests/test_openapi.json index da6181fb..3b433a6c 100644 --- a/dropshot/tests/test_openapi.json +++ b/dropshot/tests/test_openapi.json @@ -6,6 +6,54 @@ "version": "threeve" }, "paths": { + "/impairment": { + "get": { + "operationId": "handler6", + "parameters": [ + { + "in": "query", + "name": "limit", + "schema": { + "description": "Client-requested limit on page size (optional)\n\nConsumers should use [`dropshot::RequestContext::page_limit()`] to access this value.", + "type": "integer", + "format": "uint64", + "minimum": 1 + }, + "allowReserved": true, + "style": "form" + } + ], + "responses": { + "200": { + "description": "TODO: placeholder", + "content": { + "application/json": { + "schema": { + "description": "A page of results from a paginated API\n\nThis structure is intended for use both on the server side (to generate the results page) and on the client side (to parse it).", + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "items": { + "description": "list of items on this page of results", + "type": "array", + "items": { + "$ref": "#/components/schemas/ResponseItem" + } + }, + "next_page": { + "description": "token used to fetch the next page of results (if any)", + "type": "string" + } + }, + "required": [ + "items" + ] + } + } + } + } + } + } + }, "/test/camera": { "post": { "operationId": "handler4", @@ -199,5 +247,19 @@ } } }, - "components": {} + "components": { + "schemas": { + "ResponseItem": { + "type": "object", + "properties": { + "word": { + "type": "string" + } + }, + "required": [ + "word" + ] + } + } + } } \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/dropshot/tests/test_openapi.rs b/dropshot/tests/test_openapi.rs index 4a4ff6c6..68530777 100644 --- a/dropshot/tests/test_openapi.rs +++ b/dropshot/tests/test_openapi.rs @@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use difference::assert_diff; use dropshot::{ endpoint, ApiDescription, HttpError, HttpResponseCreated, - HttpResponseDeleted, HttpResponseOkObject, Json, Path, Query, - RequestContext, + HttpResponseDeleted, HttpResponseOkObject, Json, PaginationParams, Path, + Query, RequestContext, ResultsPage, }; use schemars::JsonSchema; use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize}; @@ -88,6 +88,34 @@ async fn handler5( Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(())) } +#[derive(JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct ResponseItem { + word: String, +} + +#[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct ExampleScanParams { + #[serde(default)] + a_number: u16, +} + +#[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct ExamplePageSelector { + scan: ExampleScanParams, + last_seen: String, +} + +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/impairment", +}] +async fn handler6( + _rqctx: Arc, + _query: Query>, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + unimplemented!(); +} + #[test] fn test_openapi() -> Result<(), String> { let mut api = ApiDescription::new(); @@ -96,6 +124,7 @@ fn test_openapi() -> Result<(), String> { api.register(handler3)?; api.register(handler4)?; api.register(handler5)?; + api.register(handler6)?; let mut output = Cursor::new(Vec::new()); diff --git a/dropshot/tests/test_pagination.rs b/dropshot/tests/test_pagination.rs new file mode 100644 index 00000000..158f2ab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/dropshot/tests/test_pagination.rs @@ -0,0 +1,1152 @@ +// Copyright 2020 Oxide Computer Company +/*! + * Test cases for API handler functions that use pagination. + */ + +use chrono::DateTime; +use chrono::Utc; +use dropshot::endpoint; +use dropshot::test_util::object_get; +use dropshot::test_util::objects_list_page; +use dropshot::test_util::ClientTestContext; +use dropshot::test_util::LogContext; +use dropshot::ApiDescription; +use dropshot::ConfigLogging; +use dropshot::ConfigLoggingIfExists; +use dropshot::ConfigLoggingLevel; +use dropshot::EmptyScanParams; +use dropshot::HttpError; +use dropshot::HttpResponseOkObject; +use dropshot::PaginationOrder; +use dropshot::PaginationParams; +use dropshot::Query; +use dropshot::RequestContext; +use dropshot::ResultsPage; +use dropshot::WhichPage; +use http::Method; +use http::StatusCode; +use hyper::Body; +use hyper::Client; +use hyper::Request; +use schemars::JsonSchema; +use serde::de::DeserializeOwned; +use serde::Deserialize; +use serde::Serialize; +use std::collections::BTreeSet; +use std::env::current_exe; +use std::fmt::Debug; +use std::net::Ipv4Addr; +use std::net::SocketAddr; +use std::ops::Bound; +use std::sync::atomic::AtomicU16; +use std::sync::atomic::Ordering; +use std::sync::Arc; +use std::time::Duration; +use std::time::Instant; +use subprocess::Exec; +use subprocess::NullFile; +use subprocess::Popen; +use uuid::Uuid; + +#[macro_use] +extern crate slog; +#[macro_use] +extern crate lazy_static; + +mod common; + +/* + * Common helpers + */ + +/** + * Given a test context and URL path, assert that a GET request to that path + * (with an empty body) produces a 400 response with the given error message. + */ +async fn assert_error( + client: &ClientTestContext, + path: &str, + expected_message: &str, +) { + let error = client + .make_request_error(Method::GET, path, StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST) + .await; + assert_eq!(error.message, expected_message,); + assert_eq!(error.error_code, None); +} + +/** + * Given an array of integers, check that they're sequential starting at + * "offset". + */ +fn assert_sequence_from(items: &Vec, offset: u16, count: u16) { + let nchecked = AtomicU16::new(0); + items.iter().enumerate().for_each(|(i, c)| { + assert_eq!(*c, (i as u16) + offset); + nchecked.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst); + }); + assert_eq!(nchecked.load(Ordering::SeqCst) as usize, items.len()); + assert_eq!(count as usize, items.len()); +} + +/** + * Iterate a paginated collection. + */ +async fn iter_collection( + client: &ClientTestContext, + path: &str, + initial_params: &str, + limit: usize, +) -> (Vec, usize) { + let mut page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!("{}?limit={}&{}", path, limit, initial_params), + ) + .await; + assert!(page.items.len() <= limit); + + let mut rv = page.items.clone(); + let mut npages = 1; + + while let Some(token) = page.next_page { + page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!("{}?limit={}&page_token={}", path, limit, token), + ) + .await; + assert!(page.items.len() <= limit); + rv.extend_from_slice(&page.items); + npages += 1 + } + + (rv, npages) +} + +/** + * Iterate the paginated collection using several different "limit" values to + * validate that it always produces the same collection (no dups or missing + * records around page breaks). + * TODO This should move into test_util so that consumers can use it to test + * their own APIs. + */ +async fn assert_collection_iter( + client: &ClientTestContext, + path: &str, + initial_params: &str, +) -> Vec +where + T: Clone + Debug + Eq + DeserializeOwned, +{ + /* Use a modest small number for our initial limit. */ + let (itemsby100, npagesby100) = + iter_collection::(&client, path, initial_params, 100).await; + let expected_npages = itemsby100.len() / 100 + + 1 + + (if itemsby100.len() % 100 != 0 { 1 } else { 0 }); + assert_eq!(expected_npages, npagesby100); + + /* + * Assert that there are between 100 and 10000 items. It's not really a + * problem for there to be a number outside this range. However, our goal + * here is to independently exercise a modest limit (small but larger than + * 1) and also to check it against a max-limit request that's expected to + * have all the results, and we can't do that easily unless this condition + * holds. We could skip these checks if it's useful to have tests that work + * that way, but for now we assert this so that we find out if we're somehow + * not testing what we expect. + */ + assert!(itemsby100.len() > 100); + assert!(itemsby100.len() <= 10000); + + /* + * Use a max limit to fetch everything at once to make sure it's the same. + */ + let (itemsbymax, npagesbymax) = + iter_collection::(&client, path, initial_params, 10000).await; + assert_eq!(2, npagesbymax); + assert_eq!(itemsby100, itemsbymax); + + /* + * Iterate by one to make sure that edge case works, too. + */ + let (itemsby1, npagesby1) = + iter_collection::(&client, path, initial_params, 1).await; + assert_eq!(itemsby100.len() + 1, npagesby1); + assert_eq!(itemsby1, itemsby100); + + itemsbymax +} + +/** + * Page selector for a set of "u16" values + * + * This is used for several resources below. + */ +#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct IntegersPageSelector { + last_seen: u16, +} + +fn page_selector_for(n: &u16, _p: &EmptyScanParams) -> IntegersPageSelector { + IntegersPageSelector { + last_seen: *n, + } +} + +/** + * Define an API with a couple of different endpoints that allow us to exercise + * various functionality. + */ +fn paginate_api() -> ApiDescription { + let mut api = ApiDescription::new(); + api.register(api_integers).unwrap(); + api.register(api_empty).unwrap(); + api.register(api_with_extra_params).unwrap(); + api.register(api_with_required_params).unwrap(); + api.register(api_dictionary).unwrap(); + api +} + +fn range_u16(start: u16, limit: u16) -> Vec { + if start < std::u16::MAX { + let start = start + 1; + let end = start.checked_add(limit).unwrap_or(std::u16::MAX); + (start..end).collect() + } else { + Vec::new() + } +} + +/* + * Basic tests + */ + +/** + * "/intapi": a collection of positive values of "u16" (excepting u16::MAX). + * The marker is simply the last number seen. + */ +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/intapi", +}] +async fn api_integers( + rqctx: Arc, + query: Query>, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + let pag_params = query.into_inner(); + let limit = rqctx.page_limit(&pag_params)?.get() as u16; + + let start = match &pag_params.page { + WhichPage::First(..) => 0, + WhichPage::Next(IntegersPageSelector { + last_seen, + }) => *last_seen, + }; + + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ResultsPage::new( + range_u16(start, limit), + &EmptyScanParams {}, + page_selector_for, + )?)) +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn test_paginate_errors() { + let api = paginate_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("errors", api); + let client = &testctx.client_testctx; + + struct ErrorTestCase { + path: String, + message: &'static str, + }; + let test_cases = vec![ + ErrorTestCase { + path: "/intapi?limit=0".to_string(), + message: "unable to parse query string: expected a non-zero value", + }, + ErrorTestCase { + path: "/intapi?limit=-3".to_string(), + message: "unable to parse query string: invalid digit found in \ + string", + }, + ErrorTestCase { + path: "/intapi?limit=seven".to_string(), + message: "unable to parse query string: invalid digit found in \ + string", + }, + ErrorTestCase { + path: format!("/intapi?limit={}", (std::u64::MAX as u128) + 1), + message: "unable to parse query string: number too large to fit \ + in target type", + }, + ErrorTestCase { + path: "/intapi?page_token=q".to_string(), + message: "unable to parse query string: failed to parse \ + pagination token: Encoded text cannot have a 6-bit \ + remainder.", + }, + ]; + + for tc in test_cases { + assert_error(client, &tc.path, tc.message).await; + } + + testctx.teardown().await; +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn test_paginate_basic() { + let api = paginate_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("basic", api); + let client = &testctx.client_testctx; + + /* + * "First page" test cases + */ + + /* + * Test the default value of "limit". This test will have to be updated if + * we change the default count of items, but it's important to check that + * the default actually works and is reasonable. + */ + let expected_default = 100; + let page = objects_list_page::(&client, "/intapi").await; + assert_sequence_from(&page.items, 1, expected_default); + assert!(page.next_page.is_some()); + + /* + * Test the maximum value of "limit" by providing a value much higher than + * we support and observing it get clamped. As with the previous test, this + * will have to be updated if we change the maximum count, but it's worth it + * to test this case. + */ + let expected_max = 10000; + let page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!("/intapi?limit={}", 2 * expected_max), + ) + .await; + assert_sequence_from(&page.items, 1, expected_max); + + /* + * Limits in between the default and the max should also work. This + * exercises the `page_limit()` function. + */ + let count = 2 * expected_default; + assert!(count > expected_default); + assert!(count < expected_max); + let page = + objects_list_page::(&client, &format!("/intapi?limit={}", count)) + .await; + assert_sequence_from(&page.items, 1, count); + + /* + * "Next page" test cases + */ + + /* + * Run the same few limit tests as above. + */ + let next_page_start = page.items.last().unwrap() + 1; + let next_page_token = page.next_page.unwrap(); + + let page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!("/intapi?page_token={}", next_page_token,), + ) + .await; + assert_sequence_from(&page.items, next_page_start, expected_default); + assert!(page.next_page.is_some()); + + let page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!( + "/intapi?page_token={}&limit={}", + next_page_token, + 2 * expected_max + ), + ) + .await; + assert_sequence_from(&page.items, next_page_start, expected_max); + assert!(page.next_page.is_some()); + + let page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!("/intapi?page_token={}&limit={}", next_page_token, count), + ) + .await; + assert_sequence_from(&page.items, next_page_start, count); + assert!(page.next_page.is_some()); + + /* + * Loop through the entire collection. + */ + let mut next_item = 1u16; + let mut page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!("/intapi?limit={}", expected_max), + ) + .await; + loop { + if let Some(ref next_token) = page.next_page { + if page.items.len() != expected_max as usize { + assert!(page.items.len() > 0); + assert!(page.items.len() < expected_max as usize); + assert_eq!(*page.items.last().unwrap(), std::u16::MAX - 1); + } + assert_sequence_from( + &page.items, + next_item, + page.items.len() as u16, + ); + next_item += page.items.len() as u16; + page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!( + "/intapi?page_token={}&limit={}", + &next_token, expected_max + ), + ) + .await; + } else { + assert_eq!(page.items.len(), 0); + break; + } + } + + testctx.teardown().await; +} + +/* + * Tests for an empty collection + */ + +/** + * "/empty": an empty collection of u16s, useful for testing the case where the + * first request in a scan returns no results. + */ +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/empty", +}] +async fn api_empty( + _rqctx: Arc, + _query: Query>, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ResultsPage::new( + Vec::new(), + &EmptyScanParams {}, + page_selector_for, + )?)) +} + +/* + * Tests various cases related to an empty collection, particularly making sure + * that basic parsing of query parameters still does what we expect and that we + * get a valid results page with no objects. + */ +#[tokio::test] +async fn test_paginate_empty() { + let api = paginate_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("empty", api); + let client = &testctx.client_testctx; + + let page = objects_list_page::(&client, "/empty").await; + assert_eq!(page.items.len(), 0); + assert!(page.next_page.is_none()); + + let page = objects_list_page::(&client, "/empty?limit=10").await; + assert_eq!(page.items.len(), 0); + assert!(page.next_page.is_none()); + + assert_error( + &client, + "/empty?limit=0", + "unable to parse query string: expected a non-zero value", + ) + .await; + + assert_error( + &client, + "/empty?page_token=q", + "unable to parse query string: failed to parse pagination token: \ + Encoded text cannot have a 6-bit remainder.", + ) + .await; + + testctx.teardown().await; +} + +/* + * Test extra query parameters and response properties + */ + +/** + * "/ints_extra": also a paginated collection of "u16" values. This + * API exercises consuming additional query parameters ("debug") and sending a + * more complex response type. + */ + +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/ints_extra", +}] +async fn api_with_extra_params( + rqctx: Arc, + query_pag: Query>, + query_extra: Query, +) -> Result, HttpError> { + let pag_params = query_pag.into_inner(); + let limit = rqctx.page_limit(&pag_params)?.get() as u16; + let extra_params = query_extra.into_inner(); + + let start = match &pag_params.page { + WhichPage::First(..) => 0, + WhichPage::Next(IntegersPageSelector { + last_seen, + }) => *last_seen, + }; + + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ExtraResultsPage { + debug_was_set: extra_params.debug.is_some(), + debug_value: extra_params.debug.unwrap_or(false), + page: ResultsPage::new( + range_u16(start, limit), + &EmptyScanParams {}, + page_selector_for, + )?, + })) +} + +/* TODO-coverage check generated OpenAPI spec */ +#[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema)] +struct ExtraQueryParams { + debug: Option, +} + +/* TODO-coverage check generated OpenAPI spec */ +#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct ExtraResultsPage { + debug_was_set: bool, + debug_value: bool, + #[serde(flatten)] + page: ResultsPage, +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn test_paginate_extra_params() { + let api = paginate_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("extra_params", api); + let client = &testctx.client_testctx; + + /* Test that the extra query parameter is optional. */ + let page = + object_get::(&client, "/ints_extra?limit=5").await; + assert!(!page.debug_was_set); + assert!(!page.debug_value); + assert_eq!(page.page.items, vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); + let token = page.page.next_page.unwrap(); + + /* Provide a value for the extra query parameter in the FirstPage case. */ + let page = object_get::( + &client, + "/ints_extra?limit=5&debug=true", + ) + .await; + assert!(page.debug_was_set); + assert!(page.debug_value); + assert_eq!(page.page.items, vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); + assert!(page.page.next_page.is_some()); + + /* Provide a value for the extra query parameter in the NextPage case. */ + let page = object_get::( + &client, + &format!("/ints_extra?page_token={}&debug=false&limit=7", token), + ) + .await; + assert_eq!(page.page.items, vec![6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]); + assert!(page.debug_was_set); + assert!(!page.debug_value); + assert!(page.page.next_page.is_some()); + + testctx.teardown().await; +} + +/* + * Test an endpoint that requires scan parameters. + */ + +#[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema)] +struct ReqScanParams { + /* Work around serde-rs/serde#1183 */ + #[schemars(with = "usize")] + #[serde(with = "serde_with::rust::display_fromstr")] + doit: bool, +} + +/** + * "/required": similar to "/intapi", but with a required start parameter + */ +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/required", +}] +async fn api_with_required_params( + rqctx: Arc, + query: Query>, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + let pag_params = query.into_inner(); + let limit = rqctx.page_limit(&pag_params)?.get() as u16; + + let start = match &pag_params.page { + WhichPage::First(ReqScanParams { + doit, + }) => { + if !doit { + return Err(HttpError::for_bad_request( + None, + String::from("you did not say to do it"), + )); + } + + 0 + } + WhichPage::Next(IntegersPageSelector { + last_seen, + }) => *last_seen, + }; + + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ResultsPage::new( + range_u16(start, limit), + &EmptyScanParams {}, + page_selector_for, + )?)) +} + +#[tokio::test] +async fn test_paginate_with_required_params() { + let api = paginate_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("required_params", api); + let client = &testctx.client_testctx; + + /* Test that the extra query parameter is optional... */ + let error = client + .make_request_error( + Method::GET, + "/required?limit=3", + StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, + ) + .await; + /* + * TODO-polish the message here is pretty poor. See comments in the + * automated tests in src/pagination.rs. + */ + assert!(error.message.starts_with("unable to parse query string")); + + /* ... and that it's getting passed through to the handler function */ + let error = client + .make_request_error( + Method::GET, + "/required?limit=3&doit=false", + StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST, + ) + .await; + assert_eq!(error.message, "you did not say to do it"); + + let page = + objects_list_page::(&client, "/required?limit=3&doit=true").await; + assert_eq!(page.items.len(), 3); + + testctx.teardown().await; +} + +/* + * Test an endpoint with scan options that returns custom structures. Our + * endpoint will return a list of words, with the marker being the last word + * seen. + */ + +lazy_static! { + static ref WORD_LIST: BTreeSet = make_word_list(); +} + +fn make_word_list() -> BTreeSet { + let word_list = include_str!("wordlist.txt"); + word_list.lines().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect() +} + +/* + * The use of a structure here is kind of pointless except to exercise the case + * of endpoints that return a custom structure. + */ +#[derive(Debug, Deserialize, Clone, Eq, JsonSchema, PartialEq, Serialize)] +struct DictionaryWord { + word: String, + length: usize, +} + +#[derive(Clone, Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct DictionaryScanParams { + #[serde(default = "ascending")] + order: PaginationOrder, + #[serde(default)] + /* Work around serde-rs/serde#1183 */ + #[serde(with = "serde_with::rust::display_fromstr")] + #[schemars(with = "usize")] + min_length: usize, +} + +fn ascending() -> PaginationOrder { + PaginationOrder::Ascending +} + +#[derive(Deserialize, JsonSchema, Serialize)] +struct DictionaryPageSelector { + scan: DictionaryScanParams, + last_seen: String, +} + +#[endpoint { + method = GET, + path = "/dictionary", +}] +async fn api_dictionary( + rqctx: Arc, + query: Query< + PaginationParams, + >, +) -> Result>, HttpError> { + let pag_params = query.into_inner(); + let limit = rqctx.page_limit(&pag_params)?.get(); + let dictionary: &BTreeSet = &*WORD_LIST; + + let (bound, scan_params) = match &pag_params.page { + WhichPage::First(scan) => (Bound::Unbounded, scan), + WhichPage::Next(DictionaryPageSelector { + scan, + last_seen, + }) => (Bound::Excluded(last_seen), scan), + }; + + let (range_bounds, reverse) = match scan_params.order { + PaginationOrder::Ascending => ((bound, Bound::Unbounded), true), + PaginationOrder::Descending => ((Bound::Unbounded, bound), false), + }; + + let iter = dictionary.range::(range_bounds); + let iter: Box> = + if reverse { Box::new(iter) } else { Box::new(iter.rev()) }; + let iter = iter.filter_map(|word| { + if word.len() >= scan_params.min_length { + Some(DictionaryWord { + word: word.clone(), + length: word.len(), + }) + } else { + None + } + }); + + Ok(HttpResponseOkObject(ResultsPage::new( + iter.take(limit).collect(), + scan_params, + |item: &DictionaryWord, scan_params: &DictionaryScanParams| { + DictionaryPageSelector { + scan: scan_params.clone(), + last_seen: item.word.clone(), + } + }, + )?)) +} + +/* + * These tests exercise the behavior of a paginated API with filtering and + * multiple sort options. In some ways, these just test our test API. But it's + * an important validation that it's possible to build such an API that works + * the way we expect it to. + */ +#[tokio::test] +async fn test_paginate_dictionary() { + let api = paginate_api(); + let testctx = common::test_setup("dictionary", api); + let client = &testctx.client_testctx; + + /* simple case */ + let page = + objects_list_page::(&client, "/dictionary?limit=3") + .await; + let found_words = + page.items.iter().map(|dw| dw.word.as_str()).collect::>(); + assert_eq!(found_words, vec!["A&M", "A&P", "AAA",]); + let token = page.next_page.unwrap(); + let page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!("/dictionary?limit=3&page_token={}", token), + ) + .await; + let found_words = + page.items.iter().map(|dw| dw.word.as_str()).collect::>(); + assert_eq!(found_words, vec!["AAAS", "ABA", "AC",]); + + /* Reverse the order. */ + let page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + "/dictionary?limit=3&order=descending", + ) + .await; + let found_words = + page.items.iter().map(|dw| dw.word.as_str()).collect::>(); + assert_eq!(found_words, vec!["zygote", "zucchini", "zounds",]); + let token = page.next_page.unwrap(); + /* Critically, we don't have to pass order=descending again. */ + let page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!("/dictionary?limit=3&page_token={}", token), + ) + .await; + let found_words = + page.items.iter().map(|dw| dw.word.as_str()).collect::>(); + assert_eq!(found_words, vec!["zooplankton", "zoom", "zoology",]); + + /* Apply a filter. */ + let page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + "/dictionary?limit=3&min_length=12", + ) + .await; + let found_words = + page.items.iter().map(|dw| dw.word.as_str()).collect::>(); + assert_eq!(found_words, vec![ + "Addressograph", + "Aristotelean", + "Aristotelian", + ]); + let token = page.next_page.unwrap(); + let page = objects_list_page::( + &client, + &format!("/dictionary?limit=3&page_token={}", token), + ) + .await; + let found_words = + page.items.iter().map(|dw| dw.word.as_str()).collect::>(); + assert_eq!(found_words, vec![ + "Bhagavadgita", + "Brontosaurus", + "Cantabrigian", + ]); + + /* + * Let's page through the filtered collection one item at a time. This is + * an edge case that only works if the marker is implemented correctly. + */ + let (sortedby1, npagesby1) = iter_collection::( + &client, + "/dictionary", + "min_length=12", + 1, + ) + .await; + assert_eq!(sortedby1.len(), 1069); + assert_eq!(npagesby1, sortedby1.len() + 1); + assert_eq!(sortedby1[0].word, "Addressograph"); + assert_eq!(sortedby1[sortedby1.len() - 1].word, "wholehearted"); + + /* + * Page through it again one at a time, but in reverse order to make sure + * the marker works correctly in that direction as well. + */ + let (rsortedby1, rnpagesby1) = iter_collection::( + &client, + "/dictionary", + "min_length=12&order=descending", + 1, + ) + .await; + assert_eq!(npagesby1, rnpagesby1); + assert_eq!( + sortedby1, + rsortedby1 + .iter() + .rev() + .map(|c| c.clone()) + .collect::>() + ); + + /* + * Fetch the whole thing in one go to make sure we didn't hit any edge cases + * around the markers. + */ + let (sortedbybig, npagesbybig) = iter_collection::( + &client, + "/dictionary", + "min_length=12&order=ascending", + 10000, + ) + .await; + assert_eq!(sortedby1, sortedbybig); + /* + * There's currently an extra request as part of any scan because Dropshot + * doesn't know not to put the marker in the response unless it sees an + * empty response. + */ + assert_eq!(npagesbybig, 2); + + testctx.teardown().await; +} + +struct ExampleContext { + child: Popen, + client: ClientTestContext, + logctx: Option, +} + +impl ExampleContext { + fn cleanup_successful(&mut self) { + self.logctx.take().map(|l| l.cleanup_successful()); + } +} + +impl Drop for ExampleContext { + fn drop(&mut self) { + let _ = self.child.kill(); + } +} + +/** + * For one of the example programs that starts a Dropshot server on localhost + * using a TCP port provided as a command-line argument, this function starts + * the requested example on the requested TCP port and attempts to wait for the + * Dropshot server to become available. It returns a handle to the child + * process and a ClientTestContext for making requests against that server. + */ +async fn start_example(path: &str, port: u16) -> ExampleContext { + let logctx = LogContext::new(path, &ConfigLogging::File { + level: ConfigLoggingLevel::Info, + path: "UNUSED".to_string(), + if_exists: ConfigLoggingIfExists::Fail, + }); + + let log = logctx.log.new(o!()); + let cmd_path = { + let mut my_path = current_exe().expect("failed to find test program"); + my_path.pop(); + assert_eq!(my_path.file_name().unwrap(), "deps"); + my_path.pop(); + my_path.push("examples"); + my_path.push(path); + my_path + }; + + /* + * We redirect stderr to /dev/null to avoid spamming the user's terminal. + * It would be better to put this in some log file that we manage similarly + * to a LogContext so that it would be available for debugging when wanted + * but removed upon successful completion of the test. + */ + let config = Exec::cmd(cmd_path).arg(port.to_string()).stderr(NullFile); + let cmdline = config.to_cmdline_lossy(); + info!(&log, "starting child process"; "cmdline" => &cmdline); + let child = config.popen().unwrap(); + + /* + * Wait up to 10 seconds for the actual HTTP server to start up. We'll + * continue trying to make requests against it until they fail for an + * HTTP-level error. + */ + let start = Instant::now(); + let server_addr = SocketAddr::from((Ipv4Addr::LOCALHOST, port)); + let client = ClientTestContext::new(server_addr, logctx.log.new(o!())); + let url = client.url("/"); + let raw_client = Client::new(); + let rv = ExampleContext { + child, + client, + logctx: Some(logctx), + }; + + while start.elapsed().as_secs() < 10 { + trace!(&log, "making test request to see if the server is up"); + let response = raw_client + .request( + Request::builder() + .method(Method::GET) + .uri(url.clone()) + .body(Body::empty()) + .expect("attempted to cosntruct invalid request"), + ) + .await; + if response.is_ok() { + return rv; + } + + tokio::time::delay_for(Duration::from_millis(500)).await; + } + + panic!( + "failed to connect to example \"{}\" at \"{}\" after {} ms", + cmdline, + server_addr, + start.elapsed().as_millis() + ); +} + +#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq)] +struct ExampleProject { + name: String, +} + +/** + * Tests the "pagination-basic" example, which just lists 999 projects. + */ +#[tokio::test] +async fn test_example_basic() { + /* + * We specify a port on which to run the example servers. It would be + * better to let them pick a port on startup (as they will do if we don't + * provide an argument) and use that. + */ + let mut exctx = start_example("pagination-basic", 12230).await; + let client = &exctx.client; + + let alltogether = + assert_collection_iter::(&client, "/projects", "") + .await; + assert_eq!(alltogether.len(), 999); + assert_eq!(alltogether[0].name, "project001"); + assert_eq!(alltogether[alltogether.len() - 1].name, "project999"); + + exctx.cleanup_successful(); +} + +#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq)] +struct ExampleProjectMtime { + name: String, + mtime: DateTime, +} + +/** + * Tests the "pagination-multiple-sorts" example. + */ +#[tokio::test] +async fn test_example_multiple_sorts() { + let mut exctx = start_example("pagination-multiple-sorts", 12231).await; + let client = &exctx.client; + + /* default sort */ + let byname = + assert_collection_iter::(&client, "/projects", "") + .await; + assert_eq!(byname.len(), 999); + assert_eq!(byname[0].name, "project001"); + assert_eq!(byname[byname.len() - 1].name, "project999"); + + /* ascending sort by name */ + let byname_asc = assert_collection_iter::( + &client, + "/projects", + "sort=by-name-ascending", + ) + .await; + assert_eq!(byname, byname_asc); + + /* descending sort by name */ + let byname_desc = assert_collection_iter::( + &client, + "/projects", + "sort=by-name-descending", + ) + .await; + assert_eq!( + byname_desc, + byname_asc + .iter() + .rev() + .map(|c| c.clone()) + .collect::>() + ); + + /* ascending sort by mtime */ + let bymtime_asc = assert_collection_iter::( + &client, + "/projects", + "sort=by-mtime-ascending", + ) + .await; + assert_ne!(bymtime_asc, byname_asc); + assert_ne!(bymtime_asc, byname_desc); + bymtime_asc.windows(2).for_each(|slice| { + assert!( + slice[0].mtime.timestamp_nanos() + <= slice[1].mtime.timestamp_nanos() + ); + }); + + /* descending sort by mtime */ + let bymtime_desc = assert_collection_iter::( + &client, + "/projects", + "sort=by-mtime-descending", + ) + .await; + assert_ne!(bymtime_desc, byname_asc); + assert_ne!(bymtime_desc, byname_desc); + assert_ne!(bymtime_desc, bymtime_asc); + assert_eq!( + bymtime_desc, + bymtime_asc + .iter() + .rev() + .map(|c| c.clone()) + .collect::>() + ); + + exctx.cleanup_successful(); +} + +#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize, Eq, PartialEq)] +struct ExampleObject { + id: Uuid, + name: String, +} + +/** + * Tests the "pagination-multiple-resources" example. + */ +#[tokio::test] +async fn test_example_multiple_resources() { + let mut exctx = start_example("pagination-multiple-resources", 12232).await; + let client = &exctx.client; + + let resources = ["/projects", "/disks", "/instances"]; + for resource in &resources[..] { + /* Scan parameters are not necessary. */ + let no_args = + objects_list_page::(&client, "/projects?limit=3") + .await; + assert_eq!(no_args.items.len(), 3); + + let by_name_asc = assert_collection_iter::( + &client, + resource, + "sort=by-name-ascending", + ) + .await; + let by_name_desc = assert_collection_iter::( + &client, + resource, + "sort=by-name-descending", + ) + .await; + assert_eq!( + by_name_desc, + by_name_asc + .iter() + .rev() + .map(|c| c.clone()) + .collect::>() + ); + } + + exctx.cleanup_successful(); +} diff --git a/dropshot/tests/wordlist-readme.txt b/dropshot/tests/wordlist-readme.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0d2da1d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/dropshot/tests/wordlist-readme.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +The "wordlist.txt" file in this directory comes from FreeBSD, downloaded from +here: + + https://svnweb.freebsd.org/csrg/share/dict/words?view=co + +According to the README there, the copyright expired long before this writing. diff --git a/dropshot/tests/wordlist.txt b/dropshot/tests/wordlist.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9f989fa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/dropshot/tests/wordlist.txt @@ -0,0 +1,25487 @@ +a +AAA +AAAS +aardvark +Aarhus +Aaron +ABA +Ababa +aback +abacus +abalone +abandon 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