We indeed do not support this yet, primarily because we didn't have people who wanted it and so couldn't ask questions, so thank you for asking :).

I'll add this to the discussion internally for prioritization, but already have a few more specific questions:

• If you can disclose this: what hardware are you using for this in production?
• What hardware setup would you recommend for us testing this?

I'm using an Ocilloquartz (now ADVA) product. I was using a Symmetricom product before. I've got another system where I'm using a u-blox GPS evaluation board.

They all output a PPS which is connected into the computer on a serial port control line (DCD, I think).

The steps to configure on Debian (and with NTPsec) are:

1. Install pps-tools and setserial.
2. /etc/modules-load.d/pps-ldisc.conf contains pps_ldisc
3. /etc/systemd/system/pps-ldisc@.service contains:

[Unit]
Description=Line Discipline for PPS Timekeeping for %i
Before=ntpsec.service
BindsTo=dev-%i.device
Wants=systemd-modules-load.service
After=systemd-modules-load.service
After=setserial.service

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/ldattach pps /dev/%i
Type=forking

[Install]
WantedBy=ntpsec.service

4. systemctl enable pps-ldisc@ttyS0
5. One-time (or just reboot): modprobe pps_ldisc and systemctl start pps-ldisc@ttyS0
6. Then in /etc/ntpsec/ntp.conf (or `/etc/ntp.conf if building from source):

server 127.127.22.0 minpoll 3 maxpoll 3 prefer
fudge 127.127.22.0 refid PPS

You can test the PPS input with sudo ppstest /dev/pps0 (or sudo ppswatch /dev/pps0). You can see ntpd using with ntpq -p which should show a PPS line with o indicating it is being used:

     remote                                   refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset   jitter
=======================================================================================================
oPPS(0)                                  .PPS.            0 l    -    8  377   0.0000   0.0041   0.0008

Another good way of testing this would be to get a Raspberry Pi (which are finally relatively available again) and a GPS HAT for it.

Follow some HOWTO that uses gpsd and NTP or NTPsec, like this, which is the scenario "A" in the issue description:
https://www.ntpsec.org/white-papers/stratum-1-microserver-howto/
https://gpsd.gitlab.io/gpsd/gpsd-time-service-howto.html
or my notes:
https://coderich.net/2019/10/01/raspberry-pi-3-stratum-1-ntp-server-2/

I recommend that because you'll probably eventually want to support that too, and because following a HOWTO exactly as written is the best first step.

Once you have that working, convert it to the simpler scenario "B" (where you are just using PPS, no gpsd/SHM), still with NTP or NTPsec, using the notes above in this comment.

Once you have that working, stop NTP/NTPsec and work on implementing support in ntpd-rs for using the kernel PPS API to get the pulses. As with anything, start by just logging them or whatever. Once you can get pulses into ntpd-rs, then wire them in as a clock source to discipline the clock. At that point, you have a working scenario B.

Then you might consider implementing scenario A, talking to gpsd via SHM interface. If you go down the SHM road, see the recent changes relating to 32-bit time_t rollover: https://lists.ntpsec.org/pipermail/devel/2023-January/010167.html

Alternatively, you might want to implement the chrony socket interface. I don't know anything about it, but it's apparently a thing that exists and is probably better than the SHM interface. Since you're new, you might just skip SHM entirely.

I hope this helps. I'm available for more questions, though my response times may be longer than normal for the next month or two.

Thank you for the information, this will definitely help when we get started on it. Timeline wise, we hope to have capacity to start working on this sometime this fall, but we don't have anything concrete yet.

@davidv1992 if it can help, I may be able to lend you root access to a PPS-"enabled" Raspberry Pi. It's rather easy to cross-compile to the armv7l arch and it may allow you to test code easily. Ping me if needed 👍

We have such a raspberry pi ourselves so we should be good on that front, but thank you for the offer.