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Jean Michel Jarre
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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(Redirected from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_michelle_jarre&redirect=no" title="Jean michelle jarre">Jean michelle jarre</a>)
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<th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; background-color: #f4bf92">
Jean Michel Jarre
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_Michel_Jarre_2008.jpg" class="image" title="Jarre in Milan, 2008"><img alt="" src="./JMJ_wikipedia_files/220px-Jean_Michel_Jarre_2008.jpg" width="220" height="316" /></a><br />
<span style="">Jarre in Milan, 2008</span>
</td>
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Background information
</th>
</tr>
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<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">
Born
</th>
<td class="" style="">
24 August 1948 <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1948-08-24</span>)</span> <span class="noprint">(age 62)</span>
</td>
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<tr class="">
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">
Origin
</th>
<td class="" style="">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genres</a>
</th>
<td class="" style="">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_music" title="Instrumental music" class="mw-redirect">instrumental music</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Age_music" title="New Age music">New Age</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient</a>
</td>
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<tr class="">
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">
Occupations
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<td class="role" style="">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musician" title="Musician">musician</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_producer" title="Music producer" class="mw-redirect">producer</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Instruments</a>
</th>
<td class="note" style="">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">Piano</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_organ" title="Electronic organ">Organ</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_harp" title="Laser harp">Laser harp</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">accordion</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar" title="Guitar">guitar</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass guitar</a>
</td>
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<tr class="">
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">
Years active
</th>
<td class="" style="">
1969–present
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Labels</a>
</th>
<td class="" style="">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disques_Dreyfus" title="Disques Dreyfus">Disques Dreyfus</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydor_Records" title="Polydor Records">Polydor</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records" title="Epic Records">Epic</a>/<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">SME</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros.</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="">
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">
Website
</th>
<td class="" style="">
<span class="url"><a href="http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">jeanmicheljarre.com</a></span>
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<p>
<b>Jean-Michel André Jarre</b> (born 24 August 1948) is a French <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performer</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_producer" title="Music producer" class="mw-redirect">music producer</a>. He is a pioneer in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthpop" title="Synthpop">synthpop</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Age_music" title="New Age music">New Age</a> genres, and known as an organiser of outdoor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectacle" title="Spectacle">spectacles</a> of his music which feature lights, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_lighting_display" title="Laser lighting display">laser displays</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a>.
</p>
<p>
Jarre was raised in Lyon by his mother and grandparents, and trained on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>. From an early age he was introduced to a variety of art forms, including those of street performers, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> musicians, and the artist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Soulages" title="Pierre Soulages">Pierre Soulages</a>. He played guitar in a band, but his musical style was perhaps most heavily influenced under the direction of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Pierre Schaeffer</a>, a pioneer of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique concrète</a> at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales.
</p>
<p>
His first mainstream success was the 1976 album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène" class="mw-redirect">Oxygène</a></i>. Recorded in a makeshift studio at his home, the album went on to sell an estimated 12 million copies. <i>Oxygène</i> was followed in 1978 by <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinoxe" title="Equinoxe">Équinoxe</a></i>, and in 1979 Jarre performed to a record-breaking audience of more than a million people at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Concorde</a>, a record he has since broken on three separate occasions. More albums were to follow, but his 1979 concert served as a blueprint for his future performances around the world. Several of his albums have been released to coincide with large-scale outdoor events, and he is now perhaps as well known as a performer, as he is a musician.
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Jarre has sold an estimated 80 million albums and singles.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> He was the first Western musician to be allowed to perform in the People's Republic of China, and holds the world record for the largest ever audience at an outdoor event.
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Contents
</h2><span class="toctoggle">[<a id="togglelink" class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#" name="togglelink">hide</a>]</span>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Early_life.2C_influences.2C_and_education"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life, influences, and education</span></a>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Early_career:_1969.E2.80.931975"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Early career: 1969–1975</span></a>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Mainstream_success:_1976.E2.80.931982"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Mainstream success: 1976–1982</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Oxyg.C3.A8ne"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Oxygène</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Equinoxe"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Equinoxe</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Les_Chants_Magn.C3.A9tiques_.2F_Magnetic_Fields"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Les Chants Magnétiques / Magnetic Fields</span></a>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#1983.E2.80.931989"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">1983–1989</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Musique_pour_Supermarch.C3.A9_.2F_Music_for_Supermarkets"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Musique pour Supermarché / Music for Supermarkets</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Zoolook"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Zoolook</span></a>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Rendez-Vous"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Rendez-Vous</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Revolutions"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Revolutions</span></a>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#1990.E2.80.931999"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">1990–1999</span></a>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#En_Attendant_Cousteau_.2F_Waiting_for_Cousteau"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">En Attendant Cousteau / Waiting for Cousteau</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Chronologie"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Chronologie</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Oxyg.C3.A8ne_7.E2.80.9313"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Oxygène 7–13</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#2000.E2.80.932010"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">2000–2010</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#M.C3.A9tamorphoses"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Métamorphoses</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Sessions_2000"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sessions 2000</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Geometry_of_Love"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Geometry of Love</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#AERO"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">AERO</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#T.C3.A9o_.26_T.C3.A9a"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">Téo & Téa</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Oxyg.C3.A8ne:_New_Master_Recording"><span class="tocnumber">6.6</span> <span class="toctext">Oxygène: New Master Recording</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Awards_and_recognition"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Awards and recognition</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#Discography"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Discography</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a>
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<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, influences, and education">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life.2C_influences.2C_and_education">Early life, influences, and education</span>
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<p>
Jean Michel Jarre was born on 24 August 1948 in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, the son of composer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Jarre" title="Maurice Jarre">Maurice Jarre</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> member and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp" class="mw-redirect">concentration camp</a> survivor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=France_Pejot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France Pejot (page does not exist)">France Pejot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> The two separated when Jarre was five years old, his father moving to the United States, while Jarre remained with his mother in the suburbs of Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Smoothoperator_4-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Smoothoperator-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Jarre did not meet his father again until he was eighteen.<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> He was born into a family of artists; his Grandfather, André Jarre, was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboe</a> player, engineer and inventor, who perfected the first audio mixer (used at Radio Lyon). He also gave Jean Michel his first record player.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> For the first eight years of his life, for six months of each year Jean Michel lived at his Grandparent's flat along the Cours de Verdun, in the Perrache district of Lyon. As a child he watched street performers from the window, later citing their music as an influence on his art (traces of this can be found on his album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinoxe" title="Equinoxe">Équinoxe</a></i>, particularly "Équinoxe Part 8").<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<p>
At about the same time he studied classical <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> an experience which proved difficult, but within a few years he had changed teachers and began work on his scales. His more general interest in musical instruments was sparked by the discovery of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Vian" title="Boris Vian">Boris Vian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroh_violin_or_Horn-violin" title="Stroh violin or Horn-violin" class="mw-redirect">Trumpet Violin</a>, discovered at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Ouen,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Ouen</a> flea market, where his mother sold antiques. Jarre often accompanied his mother on trips to Le Chat Qui Pêche (The Fishing Cat), a friend's Paris <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> club, where <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxophonist" title="Saxophonist" class="mw-redirect">saxophonists</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_Shepp" title="Archie Shepp">Archie Shepp</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Coltrane" title="John Coltrane">John Coltrane</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a> players <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Cherry_(jazz)" title="Don Cherry (jazz)">Don Cherry</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chet_Baker" title="Chet Baker">Chet Baker</a> performed regularly. As an art form, Jazz introduced Jarre to the idea that music may be "descriptive, without lyrics".<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxp16_8-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxp16-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> He was also influenced by the work of French artist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Soulages" title="Pierre Soulages">Pierre Soulages</a>, whose exhibition at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_Moderne_de_la_Ville_de_Paris" title="Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris">Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris</a> a teenage Jarre attended. Soulages' paintings used multiple textured layers; Jarre later reflected on the experience: "I suddenly realised that for the first time in music, you could act as a painter with frequencies and sounds."<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Jarre was also influenced by more traditional music; in a 2004 interview for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, he spoke of the effect that a performance of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stravinsky" title="Stravinsky" class="mw-redirect">Stravinsky</a>'s <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> had upon him:
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This is where Stravinsky created it in 1913, and it was a huge shock. I also saw the last concert by the great Arabic singer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_Kulthum" title="Umm Kulthum">Om Khalsoum</a>. She is the goddess, the Maria Callas of the Orient. Then I heard "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_on_My_Mind" title="Georgia on My Mind">Georgia on My Mind</a>" by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles" title="Ray Charles">Ray Charles</a>, and I realised that music can talk to your tummy. I was so impressed by the organic sensuality coming from Ray Charles's music - there was no intellectual process and it was great.<sup id="cite_ref-sensualhealing_9-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-sensualhealing-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup>
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By then a young man, he funded his lifestyle with painting, exhibiting some of his works at the Lyon Gallery — <i>L'Oeil Ecoute</i>. He also played in a band called Mystère IV (Mystery 4). While he studied at the <a href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Michelet" class="extiw" title="fr:Lycée Michelet">Lycée Michelet</a> his mother arranged for him to take lessons in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony" title="Harmony">harmony</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">counterpoint</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue">fugue</a> with Jeannine Rueff of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatoire_de_Paris" title="Conservatoire de Paris">Conservatoire de Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxp16_8-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxp16-8"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1967 he played guitar in a band called <i>The Dustbins</i>. Jarre experimented by mixing several instruments, including the electric guitar and the flute, with tape effects and other sounds. The band appears in the film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Des_gar%C3%A7ons_et_des_filles" title="Des garçons et des filles" class="mw-redirect">Des garçons et des filles</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>
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In 1968 he began to experiment with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_loop" title="Tape loop">tape loops</a>, radios, and other electronic devices. He joined the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM) in 1969<sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jarreukmetamorphoses_10-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Jarreukmetamorphoses-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> under the direction of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Pierre Schaeffer</a>, the 'father' of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">musique concrète</a>. Jarre's time at GRM proved hugely influential<sup id="cite_ref-soundonsound_11-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-soundonsound-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> — Schaeffer's view was that "music isn't made of notes, it's made of sounds".<sup id="cite_ref-Green_12-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Green-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> He also introduced Jarre to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moog_modular_synthesizer" title="Moog modular synthesizer">Moog modular synthesizer</a><sup id="cite_ref-Green_12-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Green-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-toujoursjarre_13-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-toujoursjarre-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Snider257_14-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Snider257-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> At this time Jarre lived in Paris along <i>Rue de la Trémoille</i>, near the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a>. In the kitchen of his flat he set up a small recording studio, which included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMS_VCS_3" title="EMS VCS 3">EMS VCS 3</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMS_Synthi_AKS" title="EMS Synthi AKS">EMS Synthi AKS</a> synthesizers and two linked <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revox" title="Revox">Revox</a> tape machines.<sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxp27_15-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxp27-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career: 1969&ndash;1975">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Early_career:_1969.E2.80.931975">Early career: 1969–1975</span>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palais_Garnier.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./JMJ_wikipedia_files/220px-Palais_Garnier.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" /></a>
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</div>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Garnier" title="Palais Garnier">Palais Garnier</a> in Paris
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For a 1969 exposition at the <i>Maison de la Culture (Cultural House)</i> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> Jarre wrote a five-minute song named "Happiness Is a Sad Song".<sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxp27_15-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxp27-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> He later worked at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlheinz_Stockhausen" title="Karlheinz Stockhausen">Karlheinz Stockhausen</a>'s studio in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toujoursjarre_13-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-toujoursjarre-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> His first commercial release, the 1969 single <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Cage_(song)" title="La Cage (song)">La Cage/Erosmachine</a></i>, is a mixture of harmony, tape effects and synthesisers.<sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxp27_15-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxp27-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1971 choreographer Norbert Schmucki commissioned Jarre to perform a ballet at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais_Garnier" title="Palais Garnier">Palais Garnier</a>, named <i>AOR</i> (light in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew" title="Hebrew" class="mw-redirect">Hebrew</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup>). Jarre also composed music for ballet, theatre, advertisements and television programs,<sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> as well as music and lyrics for artists like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Juvet" title="Patrick Juvet">Patrick Juvet</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_(singer)" title="Christophe (singer)">Christophe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> He composed the soundtrack for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Granges_Br%C3%BBl%C3%A9es" title="Les Granges Brûlées">Les Granges Brûlées</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> and in 1972 wrote music for the International Festival of Magic.<sup id="cite_ref-officialprofile_20-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-officialprofile-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> In the same year he released his first solo album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserted_Palace" title="Deserted Palace">Deserted Palace</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxp27_15-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxp27-15"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> From 1973–74 he wrote music for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Hardy" title="Françoise Hardy">Françoise Hardy</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Lenorman" title="Gérard Lenorman">Gérard Lenorman</a>, and acted as director for Christophe's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Olympia" title="Paris Olympia">Olympia</a> show.<sup id="cite_ref-officialprofile_20-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-officialprofile-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mainstream success: 1976&ndash;1982">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Mainstream_success:_1976.E2.80.931982">Mainstream success: 1976–1982</span>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Oxygène">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Oxyg.C3.A8ne">Oxygène</span>
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Jarre's 1976 solo album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène" class="mw-redirect">Oxygène</a></i> was responsible for his rise to international stardom.<sup id="cite_ref-soundonsound_11-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-soundonsound-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Green_12-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Green-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Oxygène comprises six numbered synthesiser tracks that make strong use of melody, rather than rhythm or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonance_and_dissonance" title="Consonance and dissonance">dissonance</a>. Oxygène makes use of the Dutch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eminent_NV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eminent NV (page does not exist)">Eminent</a> 310, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electro-Harmonix" title="Electro-Harmonix">Electro-Harmonix</a> <i>Small Stone</i> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaser_(effect)" title="Phaser (effect)">phaser</a> on the Eminent's string pads, the Korg Minipops drum machine and liberal use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_(phenomenon)" title="Echo (phenomenon)">echo</a> on various sound effects generated by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCS3" title="VCS3" class="mw-redirect">VCS3</a> synthesiser.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_12-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Green-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup>
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All those ethereal sounds on Oxygène IV come from the VCS3 ...It was the first European synthesizer, made in England by a guy called Peter Zinovieff. I got one of the first ones. I had to go to London in 1967 to get it, and it's the one I still have onstage 40 years later
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—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-Green_12-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Green-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
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A minimalist concept album recorded at his home studio, on a small budget, Oxygène initially proved difficult to sell. Jarre was turned down by several companies, until Schaeffer's fellow student, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Dreyfus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hélène Dreyfus (page does not exist)">Hélène Dreyfus</a> (at the time her husband Francis's artistic director), persuaded her husband to publish the album on his label <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disques_Motors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Disques Motors (page does not exist)">Disques Motors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The first pressing of 50,000 copies was promoted through hi-fi shops, clubs, and discos.<sup id="cite_ref-Green_12-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Green-12"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup>
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I just had three or four synthesizers and was using a Scully eight-track and a mixture of Ampex 256 and 3M tape. The whole album was done on just one eight-track and you can hear that in the piece — it’s quite minimalist and I think that contributes to its timelessness
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—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-soundonsound_11-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-soundonsound-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
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<p>
By April 1977 <i>Oxygène</i> had sold 70,000 copies in France. Interviewed in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> magazine, Dreyfus director Stanislas Witold said "In a sense we're putting most of our bets on Jean Michel Jarre. He is quite exceptional and we're sure that by 1980 he will be recognised worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-BillboardApril1977_22-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-BillboardApril1977-22"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Oxygène has since sold an estimated 12 million copies—the best-selling French record of all time.<sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> It reached number 2 in the UK album charts, number 65 in Canada, and broke the top 100 in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-Snider257_14-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Snider257-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins159_23-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Jenkins159-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> The album contains his most recognisable single, "Oxygène IV",<sup id="cite_ref-soundonsound_11-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-soundonsound-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warwickpp558559_24-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Warwickpp558559-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup>'which reached number 4 in the UK single charts.<sup id="cite_ref-Snider257_14-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Snider257-14"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Equinoxe">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Equinoxe">Equinoxe</span>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steve_Fisk%27s_ARP_2600.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./JMJ_wikipedia_files/220px-Steve_Fisk's_ARP_2600.jpg" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" /></a>
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</div>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARP_2600" title="ARP 2600">ARP 2600</a>, used extensively on <i>Equinoxe</i> and other albums by Jarre
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Jarre's follow-up album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equinoxe" title="Equinoxe">Équinoxe</a></i> was released in 1978. <i>Equinoxe</i> employs a more baroque and classical style than <i>Oxygène</i>, with more emphasis on melodic development. The album makes use of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">sequencing</a>, particularly on the bass.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> Although not as commercially successful as <i>Oxygène</i> (<i>Equinoxe</i> reached no.11 in the British charts, nine places behind <i>Oxygène</i>), its release was followed by a large open-air concert at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_de_la_Concorde" title="Place de la Concorde">Place de la Concorde</a> on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a>, 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warwickpp558559_24-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Warwickpp558559-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> The free outdoor event drew more than 1 million spectators (including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick_Jagger" title="Mick Jagger">Mick Jagger</a>, who praised the show<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>), setting a new world record for the largest number of spectators ever at an open-air concert, and was watched by a television audience of over 100 million people.<sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pittsburgh1986_26-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Pittsburgh1986-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> The success of the event was not fully anticipated; the crowds were so large that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Rampling" title="Charlotte Rampling">Charlotte Rampling</a> (at that time Jarre's wife) found it difficult to access the venue. Although it was not the first time that Jarre had performed in concert (he had already played at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Opera_Ballet" title="Paris Opera Ballet" class="mw-redirect">Paris Opera Ballet</a>), the 40 minute-long event, which used projections of light and images, and fireworks, would serve as a blueprint for Jarre's future concerts.<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> The event helped to boost Jarre's popularity — between 14 July and 31 August 1979, he sold 800,000 records.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> It also served as Jarre's introduction to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Rimbert" title="Francis Rimbert">Francis Rimbert</a> — brought together by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Geiss" title="Michel Geiss">Michel Geiss</a>, Jarre used Rimbert's sythesizer setup for the performance. Today Rimbert works for Jarre on a full-time basis.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Les Chants Magnétiques / Magnetic Fields">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Les_Chants_Magn.C3.A9tiques_.2F_Magnetic_Fields">Les Chants Magnétiques / Magnetic Fields</span>
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By the time that <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Chants_Magn%C3%A9tiques" title="Les Chants Magnétiques" class="mw-redirect">Les Chants Magnétiques</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> was released on 20 May 1981, both <i>Oxygène</i> and <i>Équinoxe</i> had accumulated global sales of about 6,000,000 units. In its first two months, <i>Les Chants Magnétiques</i> sold a reported 200,000 units in France alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Billboardchina_31-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Billboardchina-31"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> The sounds used on the album are primarily based around the capabilities of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairlight_CMI" title="Fairlight CMI">Fairlight CMI</a>. The CMI gave Jarre the chance to continue much of the sonic experimentation of his earlier work, using digital technology to make the collection and processing of sounds much easier. Both Jarre and Peter Gabriel were among the first artists to take delivery of the Fairlight platform and make heavy use of it.<sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxp35_32-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxp35-32"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<p>
The release of <i>Les Chants Magnétiques</i> coincided with Jarre's first foreign tour. In 1981 the British Embassy in Beijing gave Radio Beijing<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> copies of <i>Oxygène</i> and <i>Équinoxe</i>. The two albums were the first pieces of foreign music to be played on Chinese national radio for decades. Jarre was invited to become the first western musician to give <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Concerts_in_China_(concert)" title="The Concerts in China (concert)">concerts in the People's Republic of China</a>. The concerts were scheduled to run from 18 October to 5 November 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-Billboardchina_31-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Billboardchina-31"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> The first concert played in Beijing was initially attended mostly by officials. Before the start of the performance technicians realised that not enough power was available to supply electricity to both the stage and the auditorium. Chinese officials solved the problem by cutting power to the surrounding districts for the duration of the performance.<sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxpp7475_34-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxpp7475-34"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup>
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The stadium was almost full when the concert started, but nearly half the audience left before the end, as Beijing's buses stopped running at about 10 o'clock.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup> To boost the audience attendance for the second night, Jarre and his production team purchased some of the concert tickets and gave them to children on the streets (Jarre originally intended for the concerts to be free, but the Chinese authorities charged between £0.20 and £0.50 per ticket).<sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxpp7475_34-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxpp7475-34"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> The concert was notable for the lack of audience involvement during the performance; the Chinese were apparently nonplussed by both the music and the light show, and applause was muted. The second venue in Shanghai was a different matter — Jarre actively encouraged audience participation by stepping into the crowd, which became much more exuberant than that in Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-11" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The concerts were released as a double-disc <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_record" title="Vinyl record" class="mw-redirect">LP</a> in 1982,<sup id="cite_ref-Warwickpp558559_24-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Warwickpp558559-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> and featured the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_harp" title="Laser harp">Laser harp</a>, one of Jarre's signature electronic instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1983&ndash;1989">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1983.E2.80.931989">1983–1989</span>
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<span class="enditsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Musique pour Supermarché / Music for Supermarkets">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Musique_pour_Supermarch.C3.A9_.2F_Music_for_Supermarkets">Musique pour Supermarché / Music for Supermarkets</span>
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On 5 July 1983 Jarre auctioned the only existing vinyl print of his newest album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_for_Supermarkets" title="Music for Supermarkets">Musique pour Supermarché</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-toujoursjarre_13-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-toujoursjarre-13"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> The music was created for a planned performance at the "Supermarché" art exhibition. The auction was held at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Drouot" title="Hôtel Drouot">Hôtel Drouot</a> in Paris, before he allowed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Luxembourg_(French)" title="Radio Luxembourg (French)">Radio Luxembourg</a> to broadcast the album, uninterrupted, in its entirety. The auction raised about 70,000 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc" title="Franc">francs</a>, and Jarre promised to burn the original tapes in the presence of a bailiff.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Zoolook">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Zoolook">Zoolook</span>
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</div>A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linn_LM-1" title="Linn LM-1">Linn LM-1</a>, the first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machine</a> to use digital samples of acoustic drums.
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Although the master tapes had been destroyed, parts of <i>Musique pour Supermarché</i> were reworked into his 1984 album <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoolook" title="Zoolook">Zoolook</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> The album combines analogue synthesis with ethnic and vocal music, and makes heavy use of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">sampling</a> capabilities of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairlight_CMI" title="Fairlight CMI">Fairlight CMI</a>. Zoolook features samples of words and speech in different languages from around the globe, to create a diverse range of sounds and effects.<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-12" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Anderson" title="Laurie Anderson">Laurie Anderson</a> provided the vocals for the track "Diva". With its rock music underpinnings, <i>Zoolook</i> resides amongst a handful of pop and rock albums that make intensive and sometimes exhaustive use of the Fairlight synthesizer. A lengthy list of musicians including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Belew" title="Adrian Belew">Adrian Belew</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Miller" title="Marcus Miller">Marcus Miller</a> also made significant contributions to <i>Zoolook</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> The album was somewhat less successful than Jarre's previous works, reaching only no.47 in the UK album charts<sup id="cite_ref-Warwickpp558559_24-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Warwickpp558559-24"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> and no.86 in Canada.
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I've always been involved in ethnic music, though I thought the way a lot of people have been using ethnic music was a little superficial. Sometimes it works, like the Brian Eno stuff, it worked the first time, but for me what was more interesting was not making a particular statement about recording in Africa or in China, but taking some sounds and having exactly the same attitude as when you were in front of a Moog 55 or a modular system, replacing the oscillators with a bank of actors or people, treating them through the Fairlight or the EMS synth, and establishing an orchestration using only voices
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—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Rendez-Vous">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Rendez-Vous">Rendez-Vous</span>
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</div>Rendez-vous Houston, 5 April 1986
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Third Rendez-vous, normally performed in concert on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_harp" title="Laser harp">laser harp</a>
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In 1985 Jarre was invited by the musical director of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Grand_Opera" title="Houston Grand Opera">Houston Grand Opera</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> to perform a concert celebrating the 150th anniversary of the city and its state. Busy with other projects (Jarre was initially unimpressed by the proposal) he eventually acceded and visited the city. He was immediately impressed by the visual grandeur of the city skyline, and agreed to perform. That year also marked the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Pittsburgh1986_26-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Pittsburgh1986-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> and Jarre was contacted by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> to integrate the anniversary into the concert.<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-13" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The creation of <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendez-Vous_(Jean_Michel_Jarre_album)" title="Rendez-Vous (Jean Michel Jarre album)">Rendez-Vous</a></i> took place over a period of two months, and as with <i>Zoolook</i>, contains elements of his 1983 album <i>Musique pour Supermarché</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxp35_32-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxp35-32"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> The three movements of the score represent Houston's development from a rural economy, to its role as a leader in space technology.<sup id="cite_ref-Pittsburgh1986_26-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Pittsburgh1986-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> in style, the album uses a mixture of French horns, Trombones and Violins, and features heavy use of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elka_Synthex" title="Elka Synthex">Elka Synthex</a>, notably so on "Third Rendezvous", a track Jarre often performs using a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_harp" title="Laser harp">Laser harp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Remilleuxp35_32-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Remilleuxp35-32"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> Jarre worked with several Houston-based <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">astronauts</a> including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_McCandless_II" title="Bruce McCandless II">Bruce McCandless II</a>, and former <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> musician <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald McNair</a>, who was to have played the saxophone on "Rendez-Vous VI", recorded in the weightless environment of space. McNair was to have performed at the concert over a live link, but was killed in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Space Shuttle Challenger disaster</a> on 28 January 1986. Immediately following the accident consideration was given to the cancellation of the concert, but Jarre was contacted by McCandless and urged to proceed, and to mark the event as a tribute to the crew of the Shuttle mission. Following the Challenger disaster, the piece was recorded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk_Whalum" title="Kirk Whalum">Kirk Whalum</a> and retitled "Ron's Piece".<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-14" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>
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</div><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_McNair" title="Ronald McNair">Ronald McNair</a>, a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-51-L" title="STS-51-L">STS-51-L</a> crew killed in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster" title="Space Shuttle Challenger disaster">Challenger disaster</a>
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I remember just before take-off, Ron calling me in Paris saying "Everything's ready, see you in a week's time, watch me on television for the take-off"...I will really, keep always, the bit of Ron's smile and Ron's face in my heart
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—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-15" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
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About 2,000 projectors displaying images onto buildings and giant screens up to 1,200 feet (370 m) high transformed the city's skyscrapers into spectacular backdrops, accompanied by an elaborate display of fireworks and lasers.<sup id="cite_ref-Pittsburgh1986_26-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Pittsburgh1986-26"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendez-vous_Houston" title="Rendez-vous Houston">Rendez-vous Houston</a> entered the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" title="Guinness Book of Records" class="mw-redirect">Guinness Book of Records</a></i> for its audience of over 1.5 million people, beating his earlier record in 1979. The concert featured large projections of photographic images and laser patterns onto the buildings of downtown Houston. The display was so impressive that passing vehicles blocked a nearby <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeway" title="Freeway">freeway</a>, closing it for the duration of the concert.<sup id="cite_ref-Porticop86_41-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Porticop86-41"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> "Ron's Piece" was performed by Kirk Whalum.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup>
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Several months later about one million people<sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> watched him perform for a celebration of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>'s visit to Jarre's home city of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>. The Pope, viewing from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon_Cathedral" title="Lyon Cathedral">Lyon Cathedral</a>, began the concert with a good-night blessing (a recording of which appears on the album <i>Cities In Concert — Houston/Lyon</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-16" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Revolutions">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Revolutions">Revolutions</span>
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In 1988 Jarre released his ninth studio album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_(Jean_Michel_Jarre_album)" title="Revolutions (Jean Michel Jarre album)">Revolutions</a></i>. The album spans several genres, including symphonic industrial, Arabian inspired, light guitar pop and ethnic electro jazz. A two hour concert, titled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_Docklands" title="Destination Docklands">Destination Docklands</a>, was planned for 24 September 1988 at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Victoria_Dock" title="Royal Victoria Dock">Royal Victoria Dock</a> in east London.<sup id="cite_ref-fears_44-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-fears-44"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> The location, close to the heart of London, was chosen in part for its desolate environment, but also because Jarre thought the architecture and environment would be ideally suited to his music. Plans to stage the concert began early in 1988, with Jarre meeting local officials and members of the community. The floating stage on which Jarre and his musicians would perform was built on top of four large <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barges</a>. Large purpose-built display screens were constructed from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaffold" title="Scaffold" class="mw-redirect">scaffolding</a>, and one of the buildings to be used in the backdrop was painted white. Local children practised the choral elements of the performance. During the transportation of several large mirror balls commissioned for the event, one came loose and fell onto the roadside. On the same night a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> (containing radioactive material) was due to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere. The sighting of the mirror ball led to a degree of confusion as some people mistook it for the falling satellite. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> searchlights were to illuminate the sky and surrounding architecture, along with thousands of coloured fireworks.<sup id="cite_ref-makingofdocklands_45-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-makingofdocklands-45"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newham_Borough_Council" title="Newham Borough Council" class="mw-redirect">Newham Borough Council</a>, which ran the docks, expressed their fears about the safety of the event, and delayed their decision on whether to allow the concert to proceed until 12 September<sup id="cite_ref-fears_44-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-fears-44"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> before eventually refusing the licence application. The local fire service were also concerned that in the event of a fire, they would be unable to gain access. Work continued on the site, and Jarre's team looked at other locations around the UK, but following improvements to both on and off-site safety Jarre eventually won conditional approval on 28 September to stage two separate performances from 8–9 October.<sup id="cite_ref-makingofdocklands_45-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-makingofdocklands-45"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup>
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</div>The spectacular display of fireworks during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_Docklands" title="Destination Docklands">Destination Docklands</a>
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Along with thousands in the surrounding streets and parks, 200,000 people watched Jarre perform with guests such as guitarist <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hank_Marvin" title="Hank Marvin">Hank Marvin</a>. The performances were not without issues; inclement weather had threatened to break the stage from its moorings, and although the original plan was to have Jarre float across the Royal Victoria Dock on the first evening, winds of over 30 knots meant that it was deemed unsafe — the winds were so strong that television cameras were blown over. The audience, which included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> was on the second evening soaked by rain and wind.<sup id="cite_ref-makingofdocklands_45-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-makingofdocklands-45"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1990&ndash;1999">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="1990.E2.80.931999">1990–1999</span>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: En Attendant Cousteau / Waiting for Cousteau">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="En_Attendant_Cousteau_.2F_Waiting_for_Cousteau">En Attendant Cousteau / Waiting for Cousteau</span>
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In 1990, inspired by the French oceanographer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-Yves_Cousteau" title="Jacques-Yves Cousteau" class="mw-redirect">Jacques-Yves Cousteau</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> Jarre released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waiting_for_Cousteau" title="Waiting for Cousteau">En Attendant Cousteau</a></i>. On <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a> 1990 Jarre performed a concert at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_D%C3%A9fense" title="La Défense">La Défense</a> in Paris, attended by a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" title="Guinness Book of Records" class="mw-redirect">record-breaking</a> estimated audience of about two million people — beating again his earlier world records.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> He later promoted a concert near the Pyramids of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teotihuacan" title="Teotihuacan">Teotihuacan</a> in Mexico, to be held during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_eclipse" title="Solar eclipse">solar eclipse</a> of 11 July 1991. The project stalled; several weeks before the day of the concert important equipment had not yet arrived, but the sinking of a cargo ship in the Atlantic ocean containing the purpose-built pyramidal stage and other technical equipment made the staging of the concert impossible. Jarre's disappointment was such that he "...could not cope with Mexican food for two years".<sup id="cite_ref-Steamroller_2-17" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Steamroller-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Chronologie">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Chronologie">Chronologie</span>
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In 1993 Jarre released his first work to be largely influenced by the techno-music scene that had been developing since about 1989. Entitled <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronologie" title="Chronologie">Chronologie</a></i>, the album was, from a technical standpoint, a revision to a concept employed by Jarre in his <i>Oxygène</i>/<i>Équinoxe</i> period, where a grandiose overture provides the emotional feel and sonic timbre for the rest of the following, more rhythmic pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube_interview_48-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-youtube_interview-48"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup>
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In the state of mind I did Chronologie, it's quite close to what I did for Oxygène, using a lot of the old synthesizers of the 70s, like the Moog synthesizer — which I consider to be the Stradivarius of electronic music, mixed with the digital sound and the beat of the dance scene of the 90s. In a sense, Chronologie is a kind of mixture between the sounds of the 70s and the sounds of the 90s. [sic]
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—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-youtube_interview_48-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-youtube_interview-48"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
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Along with Jarre's traditional collection of instruments, such as the ARP 2600 and Mini Moog, Jarre used newer state-of-the-art equipment such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_JD-800" title="Roland JD-800">Roland JD-800</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurzweil_K2000" title="Kurzweil K2000">Kurzweil K2000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> This album features sampled clocks and contemporary rhythms, driving the tempo. Its release was followed by Jarre's first large scale tour. A series of 16 performances across Europe, <i>Europe In Concert</i> occurred on a smaller scale than his previous concerts. <i>Chronologie</i> was central to the tour's repertoire. The set featured a miniature skyline, laser imaging, and fireworks. Locations included Lausanne, Mont St Michel, London, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_Road" title="Maine Road">Manchester</a>, Barcelona, Sevilla and the Versailles Palace near Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> Jarre performed in Hong Kong on 11 March 1994, to mark the opening of the city's new stadium, as a continuation of the tour. The sold-out event included a range of entertainers, including bikini-clad Brazilians.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup>
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Jarre performed at the <i>Concert for Tolerance</i> on Bastille Day in 1995 (he had in 1993 accepted the offer to become a Goodwill Ambassador of Tolerance and Youth for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><sup id="cite_ref-Smoothoperator_4-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Smoothoperator-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup>). In front of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a> he celebrated the 50th anniversary of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, performing many of his most well-known hits. The tower was specially lit for the occasion, prompting the installation of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_tower#Image_copyright_claims" title="Eiffel tower" class="mw-redirect">more permanent display</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> The following December he created a website called "A Space for Tolerance". The site featured music from <i>En Attendant Cousteau</i>, played while the user browsed a variety of 'visual worlds'.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Oxygène 7–13">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Oxyg.C3.A8ne_7.E2.80.9313">Oxygène 7–13</span>
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After years of experimenting with new technology, with <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygene_7%E2%80%9313" title="Oxygene 7–13">Oxygène 7–13</a></i> he returned to the analogue synthesisers of the 1970s. The album was released in 1997, more than 20 years after <i>Oxygène</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-oldtime_54-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oldtime-54"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> and was dedicated to his mentor at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_de_Recherches_Musicales#Groupe_de_Recherches_Musicales" title="Groupe de Recherches Musicales" class="mw-redirect">GRM</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Schaeffer" title="Pierre Schaeffer">Pierre Schaeffer</a>, who had died in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup> Eschewing the digital techniques developed in the 1980s, in an interview for <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> he said:
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The excitement of being able to work on sounds in a tactile, manual, almost sensual way is what drew me to electronic music in the first place... The lack of limitations is very dangerous. It is like the difference for a painter of getting four tubes with four main colours or being in front of a computer with two million colours. You have to scan the two million colours and when you arrive to the last one you have obviously forgotten the first one. In the Eighties we became archivists and everything became rather cold as a result.
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—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-oldtime_54-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oldtime-54"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
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On 6 September that year the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University" title="Moscow State University">Moscow State University</a> became the backdrop for a spectacular display of image projections, skytrackers and fireworks. The event, celebrating the 850th anniversary of Moscow, was viewed by an audience of about 3.5 million,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-57"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> his fourth record for the largest ever outdoor concert audience. The funeral of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a>, had taken place on the same day, and the composer dedicated "Souvenir of China" to her memory, followed by a well-observed minute's silence.<sup id="cite_ref-keystosuccess_58-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-keystosuccess-58"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup>
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In July 1998 he became the first artist spokesman for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Federation_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="International Federation of the Phonographic Industry">International Federation of the Phonographic Industry</a>. He rallied hundreds of musicians in a petition to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> over the proposed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Copyright_Directive" title="European Union Copyright Directive" class="mw-redirect">European Union Copyright Directive</a>. He was succeeded in the post by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Corrs" title="The Corrs">The Corrs</a>, in July 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup> On 31 December 1999 Jarre held a three-hour music and light show in the Egyptian desert near <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twelve_Dreams_of_the_Sun" title="The Twelve Dreams of the Sun">The Twelve Dreams of the Sun</a> celebrated the new millennium and offered a preview of his next album, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tamorphoses" title="Métamorphoses">Métamorphoses</a></i>. Beginning on New Year's Eve, the show featured performances from more than 1,000 local artists and musicians, and was based on ancient Egyptian mythology about the journey of the sun and its effect upon humanity. Addressing the audience, Jarre said "I hope the new millennium will witness international understanding".<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes2000_60-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-nytimes2000-60"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup> Jarre's anthemic work melded electronic music with Western jazz and Arabic rhythms and melodies, and was accompanied by lasers projected onto the backdrop of the pyramids and the great Sahara.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes2000_60-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-nytimes2000-60"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2000&ndash;2010">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="2000.E2.80.932010">2000–2010</span>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Métamorphoses">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="M.C3.A9tamorphoses">Métamorphoses</span>
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Jarre released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tamorphoses" title="Métamorphoses">Métamorphoses</a></i>, his first vocal album, in 2000. The entire album was mixed on an early version of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Tools" title="Pro Tools">Pro Tools</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">digital audio workstation</a> designed to record, edit and play back digital audio.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarreukmetamorphoses_10-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Jarreukmetamorphoses-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> The compositions and their arrangement on this techno-based album co-produced with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Garraud" title="Joachim Garraud">Joachim Garraud</a> marked a departure from Jarre's previous style. Sound effects used include radio interference from mobile phones (used on the track "Tout est Bleu"), and Macintalk, a Macintosh program used to generate lyrics on the track "Love, Love, Love". Laurie Anderson makes her second guest appearance in the Jarre discography (her first was on <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoolook" title="Zoolook">Zoolook</a></i> on the track "Diva". Other contributors include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natacha_Atlas" title="Natacha Atlas">Natacha Atlas</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon_Corr" title="Sharon Corr">Sharon Corr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-officialprofile_20-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-officialprofile-20"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup>
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“Looking back, I enjoyed the album, [Oxygène 7–13] but after I finished it I knew that I had to make a fresh start. I had to go somewhere completely different. Metamorphoses is like a blank page for me, a new beginning.
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—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-Jarreukmetamorphoses_10-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Jarreukmetamorphoses-10"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
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On 1 January 2001 Jarre and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetsuya_Komuro" title="Tetsuya Komuro">Tetsuya "TK" Komuro</a> performed exclusive new material in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okinawa" title="Okinawa" class="mw-redirect">Okinawa</a>. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rendez-vous_in_Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rendez-vous in Space (page does not exist)">Rendez-vous in Space</a></i> was a tribute to the science-fiction author <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>, a close friend of Jarre’s. Jarre used recordings of Clarke (filmed before the concert) to introduce each piece of music. The opening sequence of the concert was based on the theme from the film <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001:_A_Space_Odyssey_(film)" title="2001: A Space Odyssey (film)">2001: A Space Odyssey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-61"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup> Later that year, Jarre gave a charity concert for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elpida_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elpida Foundation (page does not exist)">Elpida Foundation</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acropolis,_Athens" title="Acropolis, Athens">Acropolis</a> in Athens, Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Geometry of Love">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Geometry_of_Love">Geometry of Love</span>
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In 2003, Jarre released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry_of_Love" title="Geometry of Love">Geometry of Love</a></i>. The album was commissioned by Jean Roch, as a soundtrack for his 'V.I.P. Room' nightclub in France, and contains a mix of 'electro-chill' music, with touches of his more traditional style.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-66"><span>[</span>67<span>]</span></a></sup> The following year, on 10 October, he returned to China for two performances, one in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_Gate" title="Meridian Gate">Meridian Gate</a>, followed immediately by a smaller concert in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square" title="Tiananmen Square">Tiananmen Square</a>. Both were designed to open China’s "Year of France" cultural exchange. The concert was transmitted live across the country, and was also watched on large television screens at shopping centres in Beijing. Jarre opened the concert with a collaboration with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chen_Lin_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Lin (musician) (page does not exist)">Chen Lin</a>, who played an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erhu" title="Erhu">Erhu</a>. Accompanying his traditional musical repertoire, 600 projectors shone coloured light and images across various screens and objects. More than 15,000 spectators watched the concert at the Meridian Gate.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-67"><span>[</span>68<span>]</span></a></sup> A combined DVD/CD of these concerts, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarre_in_China" title="Jarre in China">Jarre in China</a></i> was released in 2004.
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: AERO">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="AERO">AERO</span>
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In September 2004, Jarre released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AERO" title="AERO">AERO</a></i>, both a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> and a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD" title="CD" class="mw-redirect">CD</a> in one package. Purportedly the world's first album released for 5.1 systems, with it being fully "constructed" in 5.1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surround_sound" title="Surround sound">surround sound</a>, it contains re-recorded versions of some of his most famous tracks, including tracks from <i>Oxygène</i> and <i>Équinoxe</i>. Accompanying the audio, the DVD features a visual image of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Parillaud" title="Anne Parillaud">Anne Parillaud</a>'s eyes, recorded in real time as she listened to the album.<sup id="cite_ref-sensualhealing_9-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-sensualhealing-9"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-teoteayoutube_68-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-teoteayoutube-68"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup> Jarre used the minimalist imagery to reinforce the audio content of the DVD.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-69"><span>[</span>70<span>]</span></a></sup> The CD was mixed in super-stereo.
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In his role of UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, Jarre performed a concert named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_for_Life" title="Water for Life">Water for Life</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, on 16 December 2006, to celebrate the year of desertification in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-70"><span>[</span>71<span>]</span></a></sup> The performance was in front of the Erg Chebbi Dunes of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merzouga" title="Merzouga">Merzouga</a>, in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>. A free event, it was attended by about 25,000 people. Images of water and the environment were projected onto nine vertical screens, held in place by sand which was watered to keep it hard. Several permanent drinking fountains were built on the site, along with a permanent electricity installation. Jarre was accompanied by over 60 Moroccan artists.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-71"><span>[</span>72<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Téo & Téa">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="T.C3.A9o_.26_T.C3.A9a">Téo & Téa</span>
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Jarre released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9o_%26_T%C3%A9a" title="Téo & Téa">Téo & Téa</a></i> on 26 March 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-72"><span>[</span>73<span>]</span></a></sup> He described the two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated</a> characters in the video clip of the title track as being "like twins", one female, one male. The album is supposed to describe the different stages of a loving relationship, and explores the idea that the length of such relationships is unpredictable. Its release demonstrated a move away from virtual instruments and computers that Jarre had been using up to that point; he instead chose to use a simplified range of devices, including several new prototype instruments. The album's cover was inspired by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> film <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_at_Heart_(film)" title="Wild at Heart (film)">Wild at Heart</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-teoteayoutube_68-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-teoteayoutube-68"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Oxygène: New Master Recording">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Oxyg.C3.A8ne:_New_Master_Recording">Oxygène: New Master Recording</span>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jarre_helsinki_2009.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./JMJ_wikipedia_files/170px-Jarre_helsinki_2009.jpg" width="170" height="255" class="thumbimage" /></a>
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</div>Jarre playing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_harp" title="Laser harp">laser harp</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>
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In August 2007 Jarre signed for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a> France. He released an anniversary package containing a special live recording of his classic work, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène" class="mw-redirect">Oxygène</a></i>, in 3D <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>, live <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD" title="CD" class="mw-redirect">CD</a> and normal 2D DVD formats in November 2007, named <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygene:_New_Master_Recording" title="Oxygene: New Master Recording">Oxygène: New Master Recording</a></i>. A first for Jarre, the album was recorded live, without tape or hard disk playback, with help from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Rimbert" title="Francis Rimbert">Francis Rimbert</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Claude_Samard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Samard (page does not exist)">Claude Samard</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Perrier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominique Perrier (page does not exist)">Dominique Perrier</a>. The album also contains three extra tracks not found on either the original or remake, which form links between the main movements. Jarre plans to integrate the original analog synthesizers from <i>Oxygène</i> into his next album, and is building a new private recording studio on the outskirts of Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-soundonsound_11-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-soundonsound-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> In the same year <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disques_Dreyfus" title="Disques Dreyfus">Disques Dreyfus</a> released <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Complete_Oxyg%C3%A8ne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Complete Oxygène (page does not exist)">The Complete Oxygène</a></i>, containing the original versions of <i>Oxygène</i> and <i>Oxygène 7–13</i>, and remixes of tracks from <i>Oxygène 7–13</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-73"><span>[</span>74<span>]</span></a></sup>
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...there are several Eminent String Machines that make up one of the main Oxygene string sounds. Having four of us meant I had to multiply the number of instruments, and finding the equipment was quite a headache, especially as I tried, as much as I could, to avoid using instruments produced after Oxygène. There are one or two exceptions but 95 percent of the instruments are of that time. For me it was really important for the radicalism of the process.
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—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-soundonsound_11-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-soundonsound-11"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
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Jarre performed 10 concerts (<i>Oxygène Live</i>) in Paris, from 12–26 December 2007. The concerts took place inside the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Marigny" title="Théâtre Marigny">Théâtre Marigny</a>, a small 1000 seat theatre in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" title="Champs-Élysées">Champs-Élysées</a>. Later in 2008 Jarre performed several concerts to celebrate the 30th anniversary of <i>Oxygène</i>, in theatres in Europe. Following one such performance at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> Jarre met <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_May" title="Brian May">Brian May</a>, who proposed he create a concert in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Year_of_Astronomy" title="International Year of Astronomy">International Year of Astronomy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-74"><span>[</span>75<span>]</span></a></sup> A lack of sponsorship meant that the concert did not take place.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-75"><span>[</span>76<span>]</span></a></sup>
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<p>
In 2009 he was selected as the artistic director of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Sky_Race&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Sky Race (page does not exist)">World Sky Race</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-76"><span>[</span>77<span>]</span></a></sup> and also accepted a role as Goodwill Ambassador for the International Year of Astronomy.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-77"><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup> In 2009 he started an indoor tour in arenas throughout Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-78"><span>[</span>79<span>]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<p>
On 1 March 2010, Jean Michel Jarre started the second leg of his 2009–2010 indoors tour, and on 10 June he was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">Mojo magazine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-79"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_Michel_Jarre_-_Roland_AX-Synth.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="./JMJ_wikipedia_files/220px-Jean_Michel_Jarre_-_Roland_AX-Synth.jpg" width="220" height="259" class="thumbimage" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify">
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_Michel_Jarre_-_Moog_Liberator.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"><img src="./JMJ_wikipedia_files/magnify-clip.png" width="15" height="11" alt="" /></a>
</div>Jean-Michel Jarre playing an AX-Synth during his IN>DOORS tour
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span>
</h2>
<p>
Jarre has been married three times. He met his second wife <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Rampling" title="Charlotte Rampling">Charlotte Rampling</a> at a dinner party in St Tropez in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-JarreRamplingIndependent_80-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-JarreRamplingIndependent-80"><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<div>
I knew who she was because I had admired her films — The Night Porter, The Damned — and I was immediately struck by Charlotte's stillness and her remote quality. I remember thinking she seemed less sophisticated than she was on the screen. She didn't say very much, I learnt very early on that Charlotte is not a chatterbox.
</div>
<div class="templatequotecite">
—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-JarreRamplingIndependent_80-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-JarreRamplingIndependent-80"><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
</div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<div>
Michel was magnetic. Having just flown in from Los Angeles I was tired, rather silent and didn't pick up on the intensity of what I felt until three days later. I went to Paris the next day to promote Farewell My Lovely. I must have mentioned where I was staying to Jean-Michel because he phoned me and we met, and that's when it all started. A long weekend at the Lancaster — still my favourite hotel.
</div>
<div class="templatequotecite">
—Charlotte Rampling, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-JarreRamplingIndependent_80-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-JarreRamplingIndependent-80"><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
</div>
</blockquote>
<p>
Both were already in failing marriages, but they each obtained a divorce (Rampling was married to New Zealander Bryan Southcombe).<sup id="cite_ref-Ramplingindependent_81-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Ramplingindependent-81"><span>[</span>82<span>]</span></a></sup> The two married, Jarre gaining custody of his daughter Émilie Charlotte,<sup id="cite_ref-JarreRamplingIndependent_80-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-JarreRamplingIndependent-80"><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup> and Rampling her son Barnaby. Together they have a son, David. In 1995 photographs in <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello!" title="Hello!">Hello!</a></i> showed Jarre apparently romantically involved with 31-year old secretary Odile Froument, and in 1996 Jarre and Rampling separated.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramplingindependent_81-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Ramplingindependent-81"><span>[</span>82<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-82"><span>[</span>83<span>]</span></a></sup> They divorced in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-infromthecold_83-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-infromthecold-83"><span>[</span>84<span>]</span></a></sup> He had a brief relationship with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Adjani" title="Isabelle Adjani">Isabelle Adjani</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-84"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> but married French actress <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Parillaud" title="Anne Parillaud">Anne Parillaud</a> in May 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-85"><span>[</span>86<span>]</span></a></sup> In November, 2010, it was announced their divorce "by mutual agreement".<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-86"><span>[</span>87<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-87"><span>[</span>88<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-88"><span>[</span>89<span>]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<p>
Jarre has a half-brother and a half-sister from his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Jarre" title="Maurice Jarre">father</a>'s other marriages, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Jarre" title="Kevin Jarre">Kevin Jarre</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St%C3%A9phanie_Jarre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stéphanie Jarre (page does not exist)">Stéphanie Jarre</a>, and remained estranged from his father.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins159_23-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Jenkins159-23"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> On his father's death in 2009, however, Jarre paid tribute to his legacy.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-89"><span>[</span>90<span>]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<blockquote class="templatequote">
<div>
My father and I never really achieved a real relationship. We probably saw each other 20 or 25 times in our lifetime. When you are able, at my age, to count the times you have seen your father, it says something...I think it's better to have conflict, or, if you have a parent who dies, you grieve, but the feeling of absence is very difficult to fill, and it took me a while to absorb that.
</div>
<div class="templatequotecite">
—Jean Michel Jarre, <cite><sup id="cite_ref-Smoothoperator_4-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Smoothoperator-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></cite>
</div>
</blockquote>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Awards and recognition">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Awards_and_recognition">Awards and recognition</span>
</h2>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="multicol" style="background:transparent; width:100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 33.33%;" align="left" valign="top">
<ul>
<li>1976 - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Prix_du_Disque" title="Grand Prix du Disque">Grand Prix du Disque</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Acad%C3%A9mie_Charles_Cros" title="L'Académie Charles Cros" class="mw-redirect">L'Académie Charles Cros</a>, for <i>Oxygène</i><sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1976 - "Personality of The Year" by <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a></i> magazine (U.S.)<sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-crying_90-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-crying-90"><span>[</span>91<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1978 - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midem" title="Midem">Midem</a> award<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-91"><span>[</span>92<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1979 - <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" title="Guinness Book of Records" class="mw-redirect">Guinness Book of Records</a></i> entry for the biggest concert ever (La Concorde)<sup id="cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-10" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Hughesp303-7"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1981 - Honorary member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Beijing_Conservatory_of_Music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beijing Conservatory of Music (page does not exist)">Beijing Conservatory of Music</a>.
</li>
<li>1984 - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Prix_du_Disque" title="Grand Prix du Disque">Grand Prix du Disque</a> by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Acad%C3%A9mie_Charles_Cros" title="L'Académie Charles Cros" class="mw-redirect">L'Académie Charles Cros</a>, for <i>Zoolook</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1985 - Instrumental album of the year, at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoires_de_la_Musique" title="Victoires de la Musique">Victoires de la Musique</a> in France, for <i>Zoolook</i><sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1986 - Instrumental album of the year, at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoires_de_la_Musique" title="Victoires de la Musique">Victoires de la Musique</a>, for <i>Rendez-vous</i><sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-5" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1986 - Musical spectacle of the year, at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoires_de_la_Musique" title="Victoires de la Musique">Victoires de la Musique</a>, for the Rendez-Vous Houston concert<sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-6" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1987 - New <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" title="Guinness Book of Records" class="mw-redirect">Guinness Book of Records</a></i> entry for the biggest concert ever (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendez-Vous_Houston" title="Rendez-Vous Houston" class="mw-redirect">Rendez-Vous Houston</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Porticop86_41-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Porticop86-41"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1987 - "European musician Person of the Year" by <i>People</i> magazine<sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-7" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
<td style="width: 33.33%;" align="left" valign="top">
<ul>
<li>1990 - New <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" title="Guinness Book of Records" class="mw-redirect">Guinness Book of Records</a></i> entry for the biggest concert ever (Paris La Defense: A City in Concert)
</li>
<li>1993 - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_Goodwill_Ambassador" title="UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador">UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador</a><sup id="cite_ref-Smoothoperator_4-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-Smoothoperator-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1994 - Victoire de la Musique for Chronologie.<sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-8" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1995 - Awarded <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" title="Légion d'honneur" class="mw-redirect">Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur</a> from the French Government<sup id="cite_ref-oxygeneconcert_43-9" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-oxygeneconcert-43"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1997 - New <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" title="Guinness Book of Records" class="mw-redirect">Guinness Book of Records</a></i> entry for the biggest concert ever with 3.5 million watching at Moscow's 850th anniversary<sup id="cite_ref-keystosuccess_58-1" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-keystosuccess-58"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>1998 - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFPI" title="IFPI" class="mw-redirect">IFPI</a>'s Platinum Europe Award
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>2005 - HCA Ambassador for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hans Christian Andersen</a> 2005 Bicentenary Festival
</li>
<li>2006 - Polish Television Academy's "Super Wiktor" award for "Space of Freedom"
</li>
<li>2006 - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>'s Man Of The Year 2005 Award
</li>
<li>2007 - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eska_Awards" title="Eska Awards">Eska Music Awards</a> Special Award
</li>
<li>2008 - Doctor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honoris_Causa" title="Honoris Causa" class="mw-redirect">Honoris Causa</a> by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendeleev_Russian_University_of_Chemistry_and_Technology" title="Mendeleev Russian University of Chemistry and Technology">Mendeleev Russian University of Chemistry and Technology</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-92"><span>[</span>93<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-93"><span>[</span>94<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>2010 - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojo_(magazine)" title="Mojo (magazine)">MOJO</a> Lifetime Achievement Award.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-94"><span>[</span>95<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-95"><span>[</span>96<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-96"><span>[</span>97<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
<li>2010 - Grand Prix des Musiques Electroniques <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_des_auteurs,_compositeurs_et_%C3%A9diteurs_de_musique" title="Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique">SACEM</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-97"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
An <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4422_Jarre" title="4422 Jarre">4422 Jarre</a>, has been <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_asteroids_named_after_people" title="List of asteroids named after people" class="mw-redirect">named</a> in his honour.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-98"><span>[</span>99<span>]</span></a></sup> He is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary_citizen" title="Honorary citizen" class="mw-redirect">honorary citizen</a> of Gdansk.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_note-99"><span>[</span>100<span>]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Discography">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="Discography">Discography</span>
</h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">
Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Michel_Jarre_discography" title="Jean Michel Jarre discography">Jean Michel Jarre discography</a>
</div>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span>
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jean_Michel_Jarre_concerts" title="List of Jean Michel Jarre concerts">List of Jean Michel Jarre concerts</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jean_Michel_Jarre_compositions_with_multiple_titles" title="List of Jean Michel Jarre compositions with multiple titles">List of Jean Michel Jarre compositions with multiple titles</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>
<span class="editsection">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean_Michel_Jarre&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span>
</h2>
<dl>
<dt>
Notes
</dt>
</dl>
<div class="reflist references-small references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em; -moz-column-width: 25em; -webkit-column-width: 25em;">
<div class="references">
<ol>
<li id="cite_note-0">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-0">^</a></b> <span class="citation"><a href="http://www.dreyfusrecords.com/news_article_ns.php?l=0&n=18" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Dreyfus Records — News — The Jean Michel Jarre Collection</i></a>, dreyfusrecords.com, 2004-02-17<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.dreyfusrecords.com/news_article_ns.php?l=0&n=18" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.dreyfusrecords.com/news_article_ns.php?l=0&n=18</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-05-26</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dreyfus+Records+%26mdash%3B+News+%26mdash%3B+The+Jean+Michel+Jarre+Collection&rft.date=2004-02-17&rft.pub=dreyfusrecords.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreyfusrecords.com%2Fnews_article_ns.php%3Fl%3D0%26n%3D18&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-1">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFSleemanTaylorFrancis2003">Sleeman, Taylor & Francis 2003</a>, p. 809.
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Steamroller-2">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Steamroller_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation">(<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>) <i>Making the Steamroller Fly</i>, Image Entertainment, 2003-11-04</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+the+Steamroller+Fly&rft.date=2003-11-04&rft.pub=Image+Entertainment&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJarre">Jarre, Jean-Michel, <a href="http://aerojarre.blogspot.com/2010/03/end-of-first-week.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>End of First Week</i></a><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://aerojarre.blogspot.com/2010/03/end-of-first-week.html" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://aerojarre.blogspot.com/2010/03/end-of-first-week.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2010-03-10</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=End+of+First+Week&rft.aulast=Jarre&rft.aufirst=Jean-Michel&rft.au=Jarre%2C%26%2332%3BJean-Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faerojarre.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F03%2Fend-of-first-week.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Smoothoperator-4">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Smoothoperator_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Smoothoperator_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Smoothoperator_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Smoothoperator_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFStuart2004">Stuart, Julia (2004-08-23), <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jean-michel-jarre-smooth-operator-557538.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Jean Michel Jarre: Smooth operator</i></a>, independent.co.uk<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jean-michel-jarre-smooth-operator-557538.html" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jean-michel-jarre-smooth-operator-557538.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-03-15</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jean+Michel+Jarre%3A+Smooth+operator&rft.aulast=Stuart&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.au=Stuart%2C%26%2332%3BJulia&rft.date=2004-08-23&rft.pub=independent.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2Fjean-michel-jarre-smooth-operator-557538.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, p. 13
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1988">Remilleux 1988</a>, p. 12
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Hughesp303-7">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Hughesp303_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFHughesReader2003">Hughes & Reader 2003</a>, p. 303.
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Remilleuxp16-8">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxp16_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxp16_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, p. 16
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sensualhealing-9">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-sensualhealing_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-sensualhealing_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHodgkinson2004">Hodgkinson, Will (2004-09-17), <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2004/sep/17/4" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Sensual Healing</i></a>, guardian.co.uk<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2004/sep/17/4" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2004/sep/17/4</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-06-20</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sensual+Healing&rft.aulast=Hodgkinson&rft.aufirst=Will&rft.au=Hodgkinson%2C%26%2332%3BWill&rft.date=2004-09-17&rft.pub=guardian.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fmusic%2F2004%2Fsep%2F17%2F4&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Jarreukmetamorphoses-10">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Jarreukmetamorphoses_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Jarreukmetamorphoses_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Jarreukmetamorphoses_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFScott2001">Scott, Danny (2001-08-17), <a href="http://jarreuk.info/features/futuremusicinterview2000" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Jean Michel Jarre - the Godfather speaks</i></a>, jarreuk.info & <i>Future Music</i><span class="printonly">, <a href="http://jarreuk.info/features/futuremusicinterview2000" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://jarreuk.info/features/futuremusicinterview2000</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-06-23</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jean+Michel+Jarre+-+the+Godfather+speaks&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft.au=Scott%2C%26%2332%3BDanny&rft.date=2001-08-17&rft.pub=jarreuk.info+%26+%27%27Future+Music%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjarreuk.info%2Ffeatures%2Ffuturemusicinterview2000&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-soundonsound-11">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-soundonsound_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-soundonsound_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-soundonsound_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-soundonsound_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-soundonsound_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-soundonsound_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFlint2008">Flint, Tom (2008-02), <a href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb08/articles/jmjarre.htm" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Jean Michel Jarre — 30 Years Of Oxygene</i></a>, soundonsound.com<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb08/articles/jmjarre.htm" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb08/articles/jmjarre.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-05-28</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jean+Michel+Jarre+%26mdash%3B+30+Years+Of+Oxygene&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Flint%2C%26%2332%3BTom&rft.date=2008-02&rft.pub=soundonsound.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fsos%2Ffeb08%2Farticles%2Fjmjarre.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Green-12">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Green_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Green_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Green_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Green_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Green_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Green_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGreen2008">Green, Thomas H. (2008-03-27), <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3672108/Oxygene-ba-boo-boo-beew.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Oxygène: ba-boo-boo beew</i></a>, telegraph.co.uk<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3672108/Oxygene-ba-boo-boo-beew.html" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3672108/Oxygene-ba-boo-boo-beew.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-03-14</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxyg%C3%A8ne%3A+ba-boo-boo+beew&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Thomas+H.&rft.au=Green%2C%26%2332%3BThomas+H.&rft.date=2008-03-27&rft.pub=telegraph.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2F3672108%2FOxygene-ba-boo-boo-beew.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-toujoursjarre-13">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-toujoursjarre_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-toujoursjarre_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-toujoursjarre_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBrown2008">Brown, Jonathan (2008-02-18), <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/jean-michel-jarre-toujours-jarre-782870.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Jean Michel Jarre: Toujours Jarre</i></a>, independent.co.uk<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/jean-michel-jarre-toujours-jarre-782870.html" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/jean-michel-jarre-toujours-jarre-782870.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-05-28</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jean+Michel+Jarre%3A+Toujours+Jarre&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Brown%2C%26%2332%3BJonathan&rft.date=2008-02-18&rft.pub=independent.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fart%2Ffeatures%2Fjean-michel-jarre-toujours-jarre-782870.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Snider257-14">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Snider257_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Snider257_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Snider257_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFSnider2008">Snider 2008</a>, p. 257.
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Remilleuxp27-15">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxp27_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxp27_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxp27_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxp27_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1988">Remilleux 1988</a>, p. 27
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBos2007">Bos, Christian (2007-11-28) (in German), <a href="http://www.ksta.de/html/artikel/1195816856258.shtml" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>„Synthesizer sind etwas Sinnliches“ — Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i></a>, ksta.de<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.ksta.de/html/artikel/1195816856258.shtml" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.ksta.de/html/artikel/1195816856258.shtml</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-05-28</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9ESynthesizer+sind+etwas+Sinnliches%E2%80%9C+%26mdash%3B+K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.aulast=Bos&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Bos%2C%26%2332%3BChristian&rft.date=2007-11-28&rft.pub=ksta.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fhtml%2Fartikel%2F1195816856258.shtml&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, p. 17
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="citation"><a href="http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/live-o-graphy/bourges-2002" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Bourges - 2002</i></a>, jeanmicheljarre.com<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/live-o-graphy/bourges-2002" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/live-o-graphy/bourges-2002</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-06-22</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bourges+-+2002&rft.pub=jeanmicheljarre.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeanmicheljarre.com%2Flive-o-graphy%2Fbourges-2002&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux">Remilleux</a>, p. 18
</li>
<li id="cite_note-officialprofile-20">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-officialprofile_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-officialprofile_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-officialprofile_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation"><a href="http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/media/biography" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Profile</i></a>, jeanmicheljarre.com<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/media/biography" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/media/biography</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-06-22</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Profile&rft.pub=jeanmicheljarre.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jeanmicheljarre.com%2Fmedia%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFHennessey1978">Hennessey 1978</a>, p. 7
</li>
<li id="cite_note-BillboardApril1977-22">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-BillboardApril1977_22-0">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFKahnWay1977">Kahn & Way 1977</a>, p. 36
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Jenkins159-23">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Jenkins159_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Jenkins159_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFJenkins2007">Jenkins 2007</a>, p. 159.
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Warwickpp558559-24">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Warwickpp558559_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Warwickpp558559_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Warwickpp558559_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Warwickpp558559_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFWarwickBrownKutner2004">Warwick, Brown & Kutner 2004</a>, pp. 558–559
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFColin_Larkin2006">Colin Larkin, ed. (2006-11-17) (Registration required), <a href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/epm/81588" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Jarre, Jean-Michel - Equinoxe</i></a>, Oxford Music Online<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/epm/81588" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/epm/81588</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-05-30</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jarre%2C+Jean-Michel+-+Equinoxe&rft.date=2006-11-17&rft.pub=Oxford+Music+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fepm%2F81588&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Pittsburgh1986-26">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Pittsburgh1986_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Pittsburgh1986_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Pittsburgh1986_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Pittsburgh1986_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAugust1986">August, Marilyn (1986-04-18), <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=e1MNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RW4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5559,6042453&dq=jarre+rendez-vous+houston" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Frenchman turns Houston into giant stage</i></a>, <i>Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</i>, p. 29<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=e1MNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RW4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5559,6042453&dq=jarre+rendez-vous+houston" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=e1MNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RW4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5559,6042453&dq=jarre+rendez-vous+houston</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-05-28</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frenchman+turns+Houston+into+giant+stage&rft.aulast=August&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.au=August%2C%26%2332%3BMarilyn&rft.date=1986-04-18&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B29&rft.pub=%27%27Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3De1MNAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DRW4DAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5559%2C6042453%26dq%3Djarre%2Brendez-vous%2Bhouston&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, p. 57
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-28">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, p. 48
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="citation"><a href="http://www.francisrimbert.com/" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Francis Rimbert - Biography, Intro, etc</i></a>, francisrimbert.com, 2004<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.francisrimbert.com/" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.francisrimbert.com/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-06-23</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Francis+Rimbert+-+Biography%2C+Intro%2C+etc&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=francisrimbert.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francisrimbert.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-30">^</a></b> <i>Magnetic Fields</i> — the French title is a pun — the literal translation of Magnetic Fields being "Champs Magnetiques". The alternative "Chants" means "songs"
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Billboardchina-31">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Billboardchina_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Billboardchina_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWay1981">Way, Michael (1981-07-11), <a href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rCQEAAAAMBAJ" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>Jarre off to China to Map Autumn Tour</i></a>, <i>Billboard Magazine</i>, p. 59<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rCQEAAAAMBAJ" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rCQEAAAAMBAJ</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-06-23</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jarre+off+to+China+to+Map+Autumn+Tour&rft.aulast=Way&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Way%2C%26%2332%3BMichael&rft.date=1981-07-11&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B59&rft.pub=%27%27Billboard+Magazine%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrCQEAAAAMBAJ&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Remilleuxp35-32">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxp35_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxp35_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxp35_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, p. 35
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, p. 68
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Remilleuxpp7475-34">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxpp7475_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-Remilleuxpp7475_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, pp. 74–75
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="citation"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/22/arts/china-is-exposed-to-laser-rock.html?scp=13&sq=jean%20michel%20jarre&st=cse" class="external text" rel="nofollow"><i>China Is Exposed To Laser Rock</i></a>, nytimes.com, 1981-10-22<span class="printonly">, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/22/arts/china-is-exposed-to-laser-rock.html?scp=13&sq=jean%20michel%20jarre&st=cse" class="external free" rel="nofollow">http://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/22/arts/china-is-exposed-to-laser-rock.html?scp=13&sq=jean%20michel%20jarre&st=cse</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved 2009-06-22</span></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+Is+Exposed+To+Laser+Rock&rft.date=1981-10-22&rft.pub=nytimes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F10%2F22%2Farts%2Fchina-is-exposed-to-laser-rock.html%3Fscp%3D13%26sq%3Djean%2520michel%2520jarre%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, p. 77
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-37">^</a></b> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#CITEREFRemilleux1998">Remilleux 1998</a>, p. 32
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> This can clearly be heard on bootleg recordings of the original AM broadcast, recordings which Jarre sanctioned on the day of the auction.
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39">
<b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_michelle_jarre#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="citation"><i>Zoolook sleeve notes</i>, Disques Dreyfus, 1984</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoolook+sleeve+notes&rft.date=1984&rft.pub=Disques+Dreyfus&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Jean_Michel_Jarre"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40">