fix: build on windows

[ksted]

Why:

Windows OS doesn't accept : in file names. This currently fails the build because the build script logger generates log files with an ISO string pattern.

Describe your changes

• Adds workflow for checking the build on different operating systems.
• Changes the log file names to work on Windows.

Checklist before requesting a review

• My code follows the code style of this project.
• I have read the CONTRIBUTING document.
• I have added tests to cover my changes.
• All new and existing tests passed.
• I've updated docs/changelog/changelog_en.md and docs/changelog/changelog_de.md. If I'm a non-German speaker, I've still updated the file with the English version as a placeholder.