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5 changes: 3 additions & 2 deletions content/papers/8.md
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---
title: "Pricing under Fairness Concerns"
date: 2021-06-01
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tags: ["fair prices", "inflation", "markups", "misinference", "corporate greed", "New Keynesian model", "Phillips curve", "price rigidity"]
- /tags/markups/
tags: ["fair markups", "fair prices", "inflation", "misinference", "corporate greed", "New Keynesian model", "Phillips curve", "price rigidity"]
author: ["Erik Eyster","Kristof Madarasz","Pascal Michaillat"]
description: "To explain price rigidity, this paper develops a model in which buyers care about the fairness of markups but cannot observe them. Published in JEEA, 2021."
summary: "This paper develops a model of pricing in which buyers care about the fairness of markups but misinfer them from prices. The model yields price rigidity, generates realistic Phillips curves, and explains why people dislike inflation so much."
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<meta name="keywords" content="fair prices, inflation, markups, misinference, corporate greed, New Keynesian model, Phillips curve, price rigidity">
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"name": "Pricing under Fairness Concerns",
"description": "To explain price rigidity, this paper develops a model in which buyers care about the fairness of markups but cannot observe them. Published in JEEA, 2021.",
"keywords": [
"fair prices", "inflation", "markups", "misinference", "corporate greed", "New Keynesian model", "Phillips curve", "price rigidity"
"fair markups", "fair prices", "inflation", "misinference", "corporate greed", "New Keynesian model", "Phillips curve", "price rigidity"
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"articleBody": " Paper Online appendix Code and data Abstract This paper proposes a theory of pricing premised upon the assumptions that customers dislike unfair prices—those marked up steeply over cost—and that firms take these concerns into account when setting prices. Because they do not observe firms’ costs, customers must extract costs from prices. The theory assumes that customers infer less than rationally: When a price rises due to a cost increase, customers partially misattribute the higher price to a higher markup—which they find unfair. Firms anticipate this response and trim their price increases, which drives the passthrough of costs into prices below one: Prices are somewhat rigid. Embedded in a New Keynesian model as a replacement for the usual pricing frictions, our theory produces monetary nonneutrality: When monetary policy loosens and inflation rises, customers misperceive markups as higher and feel unfairly treated; firms mitigate this perceived unfairness by reducing their markups; in general equilibrium, employment rises. The theory also features a hybrid short-run Phillips curve, realistic impulse responses of output and employment to monetary and technology shocks, and an upward-sloping long-run Phillips curve.\nFigure 1: Impulse responses to an expansionary monetary shock in the New Keynesian model with fairness Citation Eyster, Erik, Kristof Madarasz, and Pascal Michaillat. 2021. “Pricing under Fairness Concerns.” Journal of the European Economic Association 19 (3): 1853–1898. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvaa041 .\n@article{EMM21, author = {Erik Eyster and Kristof Madarasz and Pascal Michaillat}, year = {2021}, title = {Pricing under Fairness Concerns}, journal = {Journal of the European Economic Association}, volume = {19}, number = {3}, pages = {1853--1898}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvaa041}} Related material Presentation slides Previous version of the paper (2019) – This version extends the pricing model to study disclosure of costs by firms. With disclosure, the passthrough of costs into prices is asymmetric. Firms choose to disclose cost increases but refuse to disclose cost decreases. As a result, firms pass through cost increases completely into prices but only pass through cost decreases incompletely into prices. The paper also provides photographic evidence of such behavior: firms commonly post signs alerting customers that costs increased so prices must go up too. ",
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<footer class="post-footer">
<ul class="post-tags">
<li><a href="https://pascalmichaillat.org/tags/fair-markups/">fair markups</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pascalmichaillat.org/tags/fair-prices/">fair prices</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://pascalmichaillat.org/tags/corporate-greed/">corporate greed</a></li>
<li><a href="https://pascalmichaillat.org/tags/new-keynesian-model/">New Keynesian model</a></li>
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<h2 class="entry-hint-parent">Pricing under Fairness Concerns
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<p>This paper develops a model of pricing in which buyers care about the fairness of markups but misinfer them from prices. The model yields price rigidity, generates realistic Phillips curves, and explains why people dislike inflation so much.</p>
</div>
<footer class="entry-footer"><span title='2021-06-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC'>June 2021</span>&nbsp;&middot;&nbsp;Erik Eyster,&thinsp;Kristof Madarasz,&thinsp;Pascal Michaillat</footer>
<a class="entry-link" aria-label="post link to Pricing under Fairness Concerns" href="https://pascalmichaillat.org/8/"></a>
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