diff --git a/.buildinfo b/.buildinfo index 18c706fffa..d1cae08fd0 100644 --- a/.buildinfo +++ b/.buildinfo @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # Sphinx build info version 1 # This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. -config: 0f6df315d03b26c465022e5afc65623d +config: dc633053b47cf567650a3dcb5abc6525 tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7 diff --git a/_sources/library/pathlib.rst.txt b/_sources/library/pathlib.rst.txt index 29d289aa53..674a9c27b6 100644 --- a/_sources/library/pathlib.rst.txt +++ b/_sources/library/pathlib.rst.txt @@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ inherit from pure paths but also provide I/O operations. .. image:: pathlib-inheritance.png :align: center :class: invert-in-dark-mode + :alt: Inheritance diagram showing the classes available in pathlib. The + most basic class is PurePath, which has three direct subclasses: + PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath, and Path. Further to these four + classes, there are two classes that use multiple inheritance: + PosixPath subclasses PurePosixPath and Path, and WindowsPath + subclasses PureWindowsPath and Path. If you've never used this module before or just aren't sure which class is right for your task, :class:`Path` is most likely what you need. It instantiates @@ -793,6 +799,99 @@ Some concrete path methods can raise an :exc:`OSError` if a system call fails (for example because the path doesn't exist). +Expanding and resolving paths +^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ + +.. classmethod:: Path.home() + + Return a new path object representing the user's home directory (as + returned by :func:`os.path.expanduser` with ``~`` construct). If the home + directory can't be resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. + + :: + + >>> Path.home() + PosixPath('/home/antoine') + + .. versionadded:: 3.5 + + +.. method:: Path.expanduser() + + Return a new path with expanded ``~`` and ``~user`` constructs, + as returned by :meth:`os.path.expanduser`. If a home directory can't be + resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. + + :: + + >>> p = PosixPath('~/films/Monty Python') + >>> p.expanduser() + PosixPath('/home/eric/films/Monty Python') + + .. versionadded:: 3.5 + + +.. classmethod:: Path.cwd() + + Return a new path object representing the current directory (as returned + by :func:`os.getcwd`):: + + >>> Path.cwd() + PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib') + + +.. method:: Path.absolute() + + Make the path absolute, without normalization or resolving symlinks. + Returns a new path object:: + + >>> p = Path('tests') + >>> p + PosixPath('tests') + >>> p.absolute() + PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/tests') + + +.. method:: Path.resolve(strict=False) + + Make the path absolute, resolving any symlinks. A new path object is + returned:: + + >>> p = Path() + >>> p + PosixPath('.') + >>> p.resolve() + PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib') + + "``..``" components are also eliminated (this is the only method to do so):: + + >>> p = Path('docs/../setup.py') + >>> p.resolve() + PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/setup.py') + + If the path doesn't exist and *strict* is ``True``, :exc:`FileNotFoundError` + is raised. If *strict* is ``False``, the path is resolved as far as possible + and any remainder is appended without checking whether it exists. If an + infinite loop is encountered along the resolution path, :exc:`RuntimeError` + is raised. + + .. versionchanged:: 3.6 + The *strict* parameter was added (pre-3.6 behavior is strict). + + +.. method:: Path.readlink() + + Return the path to which the symbolic link points (as returned by + :func:`os.readlink`):: + + >>> p = Path('mylink') + >>> p.symlink_to('setup.py') + >>> p.readlink() + PosixPath('setup.py') + + .. versionadded:: 3.9 + + Querying file type and status ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ @@ -1380,7 +1479,7 @@ Renaming and deleting Remove this directory. The directory must be empty. -Ownership and permissions +Permissions and ownership ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. method:: Path.owner() @@ -1422,100 +1521,6 @@ Ownership and permissions symbolic link's mode is changed rather than its target's. -Other methods -^^^^^^^^^^^^^ - -.. classmethod:: Path.cwd() - - Return a new path object representing the current directory (as returned - by :func:`os.getcwd`):: - - >>> Path.cwd() - PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib') - - -.. classmethod:: Path.home() - - Return a new path object representing the user's home directory (as - returned by :func:`os.path.expanduser` with ``~`` construct). If the home - directory can't be resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. - - :: - - >>> Path.home() - PosixPath('/home/antoine') - - .. versionadded:: 3.5 - - -.. method:: Path.expanduser() - - Return a new path with expanded ``~`` and ``~user`` constructs, - as returned by :meth:`os.path.expanduser`. If a home directory can't be - resolved, :exc:`RuntimeError` is raised. - - :: - - >>> p = PosixPath('~/films/Monty Python') - >>> p.expanduser() - PosixPath('/home/eric/films/Monty Python') - - .. versionadded:: 3.5 - - -.. method:: Path.readlink() - - Return the path to which the symbolic link points (as returned by - :func:`os.readlink`):: - - >>> p = Path('mylink') - >>> p.symlink_to('setup.py') - >>> p.readlink() - PosixPath('setup.py') - - .. versionadded:: 3.9 - - -.. method:: Path.absolute() - - Make the path absolute, without normalization or resolving symlinks. - Returns a new path object:: - - >>> p = Path('tests') - >>> p - PosixPath('tests') - >>> p.absolute() - PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/tests') - - -.. method:: Path.resolve(strict=False) - - Make the path absolute, resolving any symlinks. A new path object is - returned:: - - >>> p = Path() - >>> p - PosixPath('.') - >>> p.resolve() - PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib') - - "``..``" components are also eliminated (this is the only method to do so):: - - >>> p = Path('docs/../setup.py') - >>> p.resolve() - PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/setup.py') - - If the path doesn't exist and *strict* is ``True``, :exc:`FileNotFoundError` - is raised. If *strict* is ``False``, the path is resolved as far as possible - and any remainder is appended without checking whether it exists. If an - infinite loop is encountered along the resolution path, :exc:`RuntimeError` - is raised. - - .. versionchanged:: 3.6 - The *strict* parameter was added (pre-3.6 behavior is strict). - - - Correspondence to tools in the :mod:`os` module ----------------------------------------------- diff --git a/_sources/library/stdtypes.rst.txt b/_sources/library/stdtypes.rst.txt index f1f413ef36..6d99d074d9 100644 --- a/_sources/library/stdtypes.rst.txt +++ b/_sources/library/stdtypes.rst.txt @@ -4556,7 +4556,7 @@ can be used interchangeably to index the same dictionary entry. Return a shallow copy of the dictionary. - .. classmethod:: fromkeys(iterable, value=None) + .. classmethod:: fromkeys(iterable, value=None, /) Create a new dictionary with keys from *iterable* and values set to *value*. diff --git a/_sources/reference/expressions.rst.txt b/_sources/reference/expressions.rst.txt index 7c1dc6c0dc..57a5bd1307 100644 --- a/_sources/reference/expressions.rst.txt +++ b/_sources/reference/expressions.rst.txt @@ -218,10 +218,12 @@ A comprehension in an :keyword:`!async def` function may consist of either a :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!async for` clause following the leading expression, may contain additional :keyword:`!for` or :keyword:`!async for` clauses, and may also use :keyword:`await` expressions. -If a comprehension contains either :keyword:`!async for` clauses or -:keyword:`!await` expressions or other asynchronous comprehensions it is called -an :dfn:`asynchronous comprehension`. An asynchronous comprehension may -suspend the execution of the coroutine function in which it appears. + +If a comprehension contains :keyword:`!async for` clauses, or if it contains +:keyword:`!await` expressions or other asynchronous comprehensions anywhere except +the iterable expression in the leftmost :keyword:`!for` clause, it is called an +:dfn:`asynchronous comprehension`. An asynchronous comprehension may suspend the +execution of the coroutine function in which it appears. See also :pep:`530`. .. versionadded:: 3.6 diff --git a/_sources/using/cmdline.rst.txt b/_sources/using/cmdline.rst.txt index 82fbc82b5d..4c2798ab72 100644 --- a/_sources/using/cmdline.rst.txt +++ b/_sources/using/cmdline.rst.txt @@ -440,6 +440,7 @@ Miscellaneous options -Wdefault # Warn once per call location -Werror # Convert to exceptions -Walways # Warn every time + -Wall # Same as -Walways -Wmodule # Warn once per calling module -Wonce # Warn once per Python process -Wignore # Never warn @@ -842,6 +843,7 @@ conflict. PYTHONWARNINGS=default # Warn once per call location PYTHONWARNINGS=error # Convert to exceptions PYTHONWARNINGS=always # Warn every time + PYTHONWARNINGS=all # Same as PYTHONWARNINGS=always PYTHONWARNINGS=module # Warn once per calling module PYTHONWARNINGS=once # Warn once per Python process PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore # Never warn diff --git a/about.html b/about.html index ffa51d60c1..24210fa7f6 100644 --- a/about.html +++ b/about.html @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
除了只是回報您所發現的錯誤之外,同樣也歡迎您提交修正它們的修補程式 (patch)。您可以在 Python 開發者指南中找到如何開始修補 Python 的更多資訊。如果您有任何問題,核心導師郵寄清單是一個友善的地方,您可以在那裡得到,關於 Python 修正錯誤的過程中,所有問題的答案。
+除了只是回報您所發現的錯誤之外,同樣也歡迎您提交修正它們的修補程式 (patch)。您可以在 Python 開發者指南中找到如何開始修補 Python 的更多資訊。如果您有任何問題,核心導師郵寄清單是一個友善的地方,您可以在那裡得到,關於 Python 修正錯誤的過程中,所有問題的答案。
os
模組裡的工具的對應關係Last updated on: Jun 29, 2024 (06:51 UTC).
+Last updated on: Jul 03, 2024 (03:49 UTC).
To download an archive containing all the documents for this version of Python in one of various formats, follow one of links in this table.
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@The flow of log event information in loggers and handlers is illustrated in the following diagram.
- - @@ -1635,7 +1658,7 @@os
模組裡的工具的對應關係os
模組裡的工具的對應關係原始碼:Lib/pathlib.py
此模組提供代表檔案系統路徑的類別,能適用不同作業系統的語意。路徑類別分成兩種,一種是純路徑 (pure paths),提供沒有 I/O 的單純計算操作,另一種是實體路徑 (concrete paths),繼承自純路徑但也提供 IO 操作。
- +如果你之前從未使用過此模組或不確定哪個類別適合你的任務,那你需要的最有可能是 Path
。它針對程式執行所在的平台實例化一個實體路徑。
純路徑在某些特殊情境下是有用的,例如:
OSError
+回傳一個代表使用者家目錄的新的路徑物件(像以 ~
構成的 os.path.expanduser()
的回傳一樣)。如果無法解析家目錄,會引發 RuntimeError
。
>>> Path.home()
+PosixPath('/home/antoine')
+
Added in version 3.5.
+回傳一個展開 ~
和 ~user
構成的新路徑,像 os.path.expanduser()
回傳的一樣。如果無法解析家目錄,會引發 RuntimeError
。
>>> p = PosixPath('~/films/Monty Python')
+>>> p.expanduser()
+PosixPath('/home/eric/films/Monty Python')
+
Added in version 3.5.
+回傳一個代表目前目錄的新的路徑物件(像 os.getcwd()
回傳的一樣):
>>> Path.cwd()
+PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
+
將路徑轉換為絕對路徑,不進行標準化或解析符號連結。回傳一個新的路徑物件:
+>>> p = Path('tests')
+>>> p
+PosixPath('tests')
+>>> p.absolute()
+PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/tests')
+
將路徑轉換為絕對路徑,解析所有符號連結。回傳一個新的路徑物件:
+>>> p = Path()
+>>> p
+PosixPath('.')
+>>> p.resolve()
+PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
+
同時也會消除 "..
" 的路徑組成(只有此方法這樣做):
>>> p = Path('docs/../setup.py')
+>>> p.resolve()
+PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/setup.py')
+
如果路徑不存在且 strict 為 True
,則引發 FileNotFoundError
。如果 strict 為 False
,則將盡可能解析該路徑,並將任何剩餘部分追加到路徑中,而不檢查其是否存在。如果在解析過程中遇到無窮迴圈,則引發 RuntimeError
。
在 3.6 版的變更: 新增 strict 參數(在 3.6 版本之前的行為是嚴格的)。
+回傳符號連結指向的路徑(如 os.readlink()
的回傳值):
>>> p = Path('mylink')
+>>> p.symlink_to('setup.py')
+>>> p.readlink()
+PosixPath('setup.py')
+
Added in version 3.9.
+Path.chmod()
,但如果該路徑指向一個符號連結,則符號連結的模式 (mode) 會被改變而不是其指向的目標。
回傳一個代表目前目錄的新的路徑物件(像 os.getcwd()
回傳的一樣):
>>> Path.cwd()
-PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
-
回傳一個代表使用者家目錄的新的路徑物件(像以 ~
構成的 os.path.expanduser()
的回傳一樣)。如果無法解析家目錄,會引發 RuntimeError
。
>>> Path.home()
-PosixPath('/home/antoine')
-
Added in version 3.5.
-回傳一個展開 ~
和 ~user
構成的新路徑,像 os.path.expanduser()
回傳的一樣。如果無法解析家目錄,會引發 RuntimeError
。
>>> p = PosixPath('~/films/Monty Python')
->>> p.expanduser()
-PosixPath('/home/eric/films/Monty Python')
-
Added in version 3.5.
-回傳符號連結指向的路徑(如 os.readlink()
的回傳值):
>>> p = Path('mylink')
->>> p.symlink_to('setup.py')
->>> p.readlink()
-PosixPath('setup.py')
-
Added in version 3.9.
-將路徑轉換為絕對路徑,不進行標準化或解析符號連結。回傳一個新的路徑物件:
->>> p = Path('tests')
->>> p
-PosixPath('tests')
->>> p.absolute()
-PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/tests')
-
將路徑轉換為絕對路徑,解析所有符號連結。回傳一個新的路徑物件:
->>> p = Path()
->>> p
-PosixPath('.')
->>> p.resolve()
-PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib')
-
同時也會消除 "..
" 的路徑組成(只有此方法這樣做):
>>> p = Path('docs/../setup.py')
->>> p.resolve()
-PosixPath('/home/antoine/pathlib/setup.py')
-
如果路徑不存在且 strict 為 True
,則引發 FileNotFoundError
。如果 strict 為 False
,則將盡可能解析該路徑,並將任何剩餘部分追加到路徑中,而不檢查其是否存在。如果在解析過程中遇到無窮迴圈,則引發 RuntimeError
。
在 3.6 版的變更: 新增 strict 參數(在 3.6 版本之前的行為是嚴格的)。
-os
模組裡的工具的對應關係Create a new dictionary with keys from iterable and values set to value.
fromkeys()
is a class method that returns a new dictionary. value
defaults to None
. All of the values refer to just a single instance,
@@ -5848,7 +5848,7 @@
async def
function may consist of either a
for
or async for
clause following the leading
expression, may contain additional for
or async for
-clauses, and may also use await
expressions.
-If a comprehension contains either async for
clauses or
-await
expressions or other asynchronous comprehensions it is called
-an asynchronous comprehension. An asynchronous comprehension may
-suspend the execution of the coroutine function in which it appears.
+clauses, and may also use await
expressions.
+If a comprehension contains async for
clauses, or if it contains
+await
expressions or other asynchronous comprehensions anywhere except
+the iterable expression in the leftmost for
clause, it is called an
+asynchronous comprehension. An asynchronous comprehension may suspend the
+execution of the coroutine function in which it appears.
See also PEP 530.
Added in version 3.6: Asynchronous comprehensions were introduced.
@@ -1840,7 +1841,7 @@None
\u7269\u4ef6", "\u6578\u5b57\u5354\u5b9a", "\u820a\u5f0f\u7de9\u885d\u5354\u5b9a (Buffer Protocol)", "\u7269\u4ef6\u5354\u5b9a", "Object Implementation Support", "Support for Perf Maps", "\u53c3\u7167\u8a08\u6578", "Reflection", "\u5e8f\u5217\u5354\u5b9a", "\u96c6\u5408\u7269\u4ef6", "\u5207\u7247\u7269\u4ef6", "C API \u7a69\u5b9a\u6027", "\u901a\u7528\u7269\u4ef6\u7d50\u69cb", "\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u5de5\u5177", "Tuple\uff08\u5143\u7d44\uff09\u7269\u4ef6", "\u578b\u5225\u7269\u4ef6", "\u578b\u5225\u63d0\u793a\u7269\u4ef6", "\u578b\u5225\u7269\u4ef6", "Unicode \u7269\u4ef6\u8207\u7de8\u89e3\u78bc\u5668", "\u5de5\u5177", "The Very High Level Layer", "\u5f31\u53c3\u7167\u7269\u4ef6", "Python \u8aaa\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u5167\u5bb9", "\u7248\u6b0a\u5ba3\u544a", "\u767c\u5e03 Python \u6a21\u7d44", "4. \u5efa\u7acb C \u8207 C++ \u64f4\u5145\u5957\u4ef6", "1. \u5728\u5176\u5b83 App \u5167\u5d4c\u5165 Python", "1. \u4ee5 C \u6216 C++ \u64f4\u5145 Python", "\u64f4\u5145\u548c\u5d4c\u5165 Python \u76f4\u8b6f\u5668", "3. Defining Extension Types: Assorted Topics", "2. Defining Extension Types: Tutorial", "5. \u5efa\u7f6e Windows \u4e0a\u7684 C \u548c C++ \u64f4\u5145", "\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u64f4\u5145/\u5d4c\u5165\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c\u96c6", "\u4e00\u822c\u7684 Python \u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u5716\u5f62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "Python \u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c", "\u300c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc Python \u88ab\u5b89\u88dd\u5728\u6211\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\uff1f\u300d\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab\u548c\u64f4\u5145\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c", "\u7a0b\u5f0f\u958b\u767c\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u5728 Windows \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u7684\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u8853\u8a9e\u8868", "\u8a3b\u91cb (annotation) \u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10", "Argparse \u6559\u5b78", "Argument Clinic \u6307\u5357", "\u9077\u79fb\u5ef6\u4f38\u6a21\u7d44\u5230 Python 3", "Curses Programming with Python", "\u63cf\u8ff0\u5668 (Descriptor) \u6307\u5357", "Enum HOWTO", "\u51fd\u5f0f\u7de8\u7a0b HOWTO", "Debugging C API extensions and CPython Internals with GDB", "Python \u5982\u4f55\u9054\u6210\u4efb\u52d9", "\u4f7f\u7528 DTrace \u548c SystemTap \u6aa2\u6e2c CPython", "ipaddress \u6a21\u7d44\u4ecb\u7d39", "\u9694\u96e2\u64f4\u5145\u6a21\u7d44", "\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Logging \u6a21\u7d44", "Logging Cookbook", "The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order", "Python \u5c0d Linux perf
\u5206\u6790\u5668\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "\u5982\u4f55\u5c07 Python 2 \u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u79fb\u690d\u5230 Python 3", "\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u898f\u8868\u9054\u5f0f", "Socket \u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u6307\u5357", "\u6392\u5e8f\u6280\u6cd5", "Unicode HOWTO", "\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 urllib \u5957\u4ef6\u53d6\u5f97\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6e90", "\u5b89\u88dd Python \u6a21\u7d44", "2to3 --- \u81ea\u52d5\u5c07 Python 2\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8f49\u6210 Python 3", "__future__
--- Future \u9673\u8ff0\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7fa9", "__main__
--- \u9802\u5c64\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u74b0\u5883", "_thread
--- \u4f4e\u968e\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2 API", "abc
--- \u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "aifc
--- \u8b80\u5beb AIFF \u8207 AIFC \u6a94\u6848", "\u901a\u7528\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u670d\u52d9", "\u8cc7\u6599\u58d3\u7e2e\u8207\u4fdd\u5b58", "argparse
--- Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands", "array
--- \u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6578\u503c\u578b\u9663\u5217", "ast
--- \u62bd\u8c61\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6a39 (Abstract Syntax Trees)", "asyncio
--- \u975e\u540c\u6b65 I/O", "\u9ad8\u968e API \u7d22\u5f15", "\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio \u958b\u767c", "\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8ff4\u5708", "\u4f8b\u5916", "\u64f4\u5145", "Futures", "\u4f4e\u968e API \u7d22\u5f15", "\u5e73\u81fa\u652f\u63f4", "Policies", "\u50b3\u8f38\u8207\u5354\u5b9a", "\u4f47\u5217 (Queues)", "Runners (\u57f7\u884c\u5668)", "\u4e32\u6d41", "\u5b50\u884c\u7a0b", "\u540c\u6b65\u5316\u539f\u59cb\u7269\u4ef6 (Synchronization Primitives)", "\u5354\u7a0b\u8207\u4efb\u52d9", "atexit
--- \u9000\u51fa\u8655\u7406\u51fd\u5f0f", "audioop
--- \u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u59cb\u8072\u97f3\u6a94\u6848", "\u7a3d\u6838\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868", "base64
--- Base16\u3001Base32\u3001Base64\u3001Base85 \u8cc7\u6599\u7de8\u78bc", "bdb
--- \u5075\u932f\u5668\u6846\u67b6", "\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u8cc7\u6599\u670d\u52d9", "binascii
--- \u5728\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u5236\u548c ASCII \u4e4b\u9593\u8f49\u63db", "bisect
--- \u9663\u5217\u4e8c\u5206\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5 (Array bisection algorithm)", "builtins
--- \u5167\u5efa\u7269\u4ef6", "bz2
--- bzip2 \u58d3\u7e2e\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "calendar
--- \u65e5\u66c6\u76f8\u95dc\u51fd\u5f0f", "cgi
--- \u901a\u7528\u9598\u9053\u5668\u4ecb\u9762\u652f\u63f4", "cgitb
--- CGI \u8173\u672c\u7684\u56de\u6eaf (traceback) \u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5f0f", "chunk
--- \u8b80\u53d6 IFF \u5206\u584a\u8cc7\u6599", "cmath
--- \u8907\u6578\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u51fd\u5f0f", "cmd
--- \u4ee5\u5217\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u76f4\u8b6f\u5668\u652f\u63f4", "\u6a21\u7d44\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u4ecb\u9762", "code
--- \u76f4\u8b6f\u5668\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "codecs
--- \u7de8\u89e3\u78bc\u5668\u8a3b\u518a\u8868\u548c\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "codeop
--- \u7de8\u8b6f Python \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc", "collections
--- \u5bb9\u5668\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b", "collections.abc
--- \u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "colorsys
--- \u984f\u8272\u7cfb\u7d71\u9593\u7684\u8f49\u63db", "compileall
--- \u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u7de8\u8b6f Python \u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "\u4e26\u884c\u57f7\u884c (Concurrent Execution)", "concurrent
\u5957\u4ef6", "concurrent.futures
--- \u555f\u52d5\u5e73\u884c\u4efb\u52d9", "configparser
--- \u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u5256\u6790\u5668", "\u5167\u5efa\u5e38\u6578", "contextlib
--- Utilities for with
-statement contexts", "contextvars
--- \u60c5\u5883\u8b8a\u6578", "copy
--- \u6dfa\u5c64 (shallow) \u548c\u6df1\u5c64 (deep) \u8907\u88fd\u64cd\u4f5c", "copyreg
--- \u8a3b\u518a pickle
\u652f\u63f4\u51fd\u5f0f", "crypt
--- \u7528\u65bc\u6aa2\u67e5 Unix \u5bc6\u78bc\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f", "\u52a0\u5bc6\u670d\u52d9", "csv
--- CSV \u6a94\u6848\u8b80\u53d6\u53ca\u5beb\u5165", "ctypes
--- \u7528\u65bc Python \u7684\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "curses
--- \u5b57\u5143\u5132\u5b58\u683c\u986f\u793a\u7684\u7d42\u7aef\u8655\u7406", "curses.ascii
--- ASCII \u5b57\u5143\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5f0f", "curses.panel
--- curses \u7684\u9762\u677f\u5806\u758a\u64f4\u5145", "\u81ea\u8a02 Python \u76f4\u8b6f\u5668", "dataclasses
--- Data Classes", "\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u5225", "datetime
--- \u65e5\u671f\u8207\u6642\u9593\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u578b\u5225", "dbm
--- Unix "databases" \u7684\u4ecb\u9762", "\u9664\u932f\u8207\u6548\u80fd\u5206\u6790", "decimal
--- \u5341\u9032\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u9ede\u548c\u6d6e\u9ede\u904b\u7b97", "\u958b\u767c\u5de5\u5177", "Python \u958b\u767c\u6a21\u5f0f", "Tkinter \u5c0d\u8a71\u6846", "difflib
--- \u8a08\u7b97\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\u5de5\u5177", "dis
--- Python bytecode \u7684\u53cd\u7d44\u8b6f\u5668", "\u8edf\u9ad4\u5c01\u88dd\u8207\u767c\u5e03", "doctest
--- \u6e2c\u8a66\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f Python \u7bc4\u4f8b", "email
--- \u90f5\u4ef6\u548c MIME \u8655\u7406\u5957\u4ef6", "email.charset
\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u5143\u96c6\u5408", "email.message.Message
: Representing an email message using the compat32
API", "email.contentmanager
\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406 MIME \u5167\u5bb9", "email.encoders
\uff1a\u7de8\u78bc\u5668", "email.errors
\uff1a\u4f8b\u5916\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u985e\u5225", "email
\uff1a\u7bc4\u4f8b", "email.generator
\uff1a\u7522\u751f MIME \u6587\u4ef6", "email.header
\uff1a\u570b\u969b\u5316\u6a19\u982d", "email.headerregistry
\uff1a\u81ea\u8a02\u6a19\u982d\u7269\u4ef6", "email.iterators
\uff1a\u758a\u4ee3\u5668", "email.message
\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u8a0a\u606f", "email.mime
\uff1a\u5f9e\u982d\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u7acb\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u548c MIME \u7269\u4ef6", "email.parser
\uff1a\u5256\u6790\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u8a0a\u606f", "email.policy
: Policy Objects", "email.utils
\uff1a\u96dc\u9805\u5de5\u5177", "ensurepip
--- pip
\u5b89\u88dd\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5efa\u7f6e (bootstrapping)", "enum
--- \u5c0d\u5217\u8209\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "errno
--- \u6a19\u6e96 errno \u7cfb\u7d71\u7b26\u865f", "\u5167\u5efa\u7684\u4f8b\u5916", "faulthandler
--- \u50be\u5370 Python \u56de\u6eaf", "fcntl
--- fcntl
\u548c ioctl
\u7cfb\u7d71\u547c\u53eb", "filecmp
--- \u6a94\u6848\u8207\u76ee\u9304\u6bd4\u8f03", "\u6a94\u6848\u683c\u5f0f", "fileinput
--- \u9010\u5217\u758a\u4ee3\u591a\u500b\u8f38\u5165\u4e32\u6d41", "\u6a94\u6848\u8207\u76ee\u9304\u5b58\u53d6", "fnmatch
--- Unix \u6a94\u6848\u540d\u7a31\u6a21\u5f0f\u6bd4\u5c0d", "fractions
--- \u6709\u7406\u6578", "\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6846\u67b6", "ftplib
--- FTP \u5354\u5b9a\u7528\u6236\u7aef", "\u51fd\u5f0f\u7de8\u7a0b\u6a21\u7d44", "\u5167\u5efa\u51fd\u5f0f", "functools
--- Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects", "gc
--- \u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u4ecb\u9762 (Garbage Collector interface)", "getopt
--- \u7528\u65bc\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u9078\u9805\u7684 C \u98a8\u683c\u5256\u6790\u5668", "getpass
--- \u53ef\u651c\u5f0f\u5bc6\u78bc\u8f38\u5165\u5de5\u5177", "gettext
--- \u591a\u8a9e\u8a00\u570b\u969b\u5316\u670d\u52d9", "glob
--- Unix \u98a8\u683c\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u540d\u7a31\u6a21\u5f0f\u64f4\u5c55", "graphlib
\u2014-- \u4f7f\u7528\u985e\u5716 (graph-like) \u7d50\u69cb\u9032\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u529f\u80fd", "grp
--- \u7fa4\u7d44\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab", "gzip
--- gzip \u6a94\u6848\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "hashlib
--- \u5b89\u5168\u96dc\u6e4a\u8207\u8a0a\u606f\u6458\u8981", "heapq
--- \u5806\u7a4d\u4f47\u5217 (heap queue) \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5", "hmac
--- \u57fa\u65bc\u91d1\u9470\u96dc\u6e4a\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u9a57\u8b49", "html
--- \u8d85\u9023\u7d50\u6a19\u8a18\u8a9e\u8a00 (HTML) \u652f\u63f4", "html.entities
--- HTML \u4e00\u822c\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9", "html.parser
--- \u7c21\u55ae\u7684 HTML \u548c XHTML \u5256\u6790\u5668", "http
--- HTTP \u6a21\u7d44", "http.client
--- HTTP \u5354\u5b9a\u7528\u6236\u7aef", "http.cookiejar
--- HTTP \u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u7684 Cookie \u8655\u7406", "http.cookies
--- HTTP \u72c0\u614b\u7ba1\u7406", "http.server
\u2014 HTTP \u4f3a\u670d\u5668", "\u570b\u969b\u5316", "IDLE", "imaplib
--- IMAP4 \u5354\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef", "imghdr
--- \u63a8\u6e2c\u5716\u7247\u7a2e\u985e", "importlib
--- import
\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c", "importlib.metadata
-- \u5b58\u53d6\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u8cc7\u6599", "importlib.resources
-- Package resource reading, opening and access", "importlib.resources.abc
-- \u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "Python \u6a19\u6e96\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab (Standard Library)", "inspect
--- \u6aa2\u8996\u6d3b\u52d5\u7269\u4ef6", "\u7db2\u8def\u5354\u5b9a (Internet protocols) \u53ca\u652f\u63f4", "\u7c21\u4ecb", "io
\u2014 \u8655\u7406\u8cc7\u6599\u4e32\u6d41\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177", "ipaddress
--- IPv4/IPv6 \u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "Networking and Interprocess Communication", "itertools
--- \u5efa\u7acb\u7522\u751f\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u8ff4\u5708\u4e4b\u758a\u4ee3\u5668\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f", "json
--- JSON \u7de8\u78bc\u5668\u8207\u89e3\u78bc\u5668", "keyword
--- \u6aa2\u9a57 Python \u95dc\u9375\u5b57", "Python \u8a9e\u8a00\u670d\u52d9", "linecache
--- \u96a8\u6a5f\u5b58\u53d6\u6587\u5b57\u5217", "locale
--- \u570b\u969b\u5316\u670d\u52d9", "logging
--- Python \u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u8a18\u9304\u5de5\u5177", "logging.config
--- \u65e5\u8a8c\u8a18\u9304\u914d\u7f6e", "logging.handlers
--- \u65e5\u8a8c\u7d00\u9304\u8655\u7406\u5668", "lzma
--- \u4f7f\u7528 LZMA \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u58d3\u7e2e", "mailbox
--- \u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u683c\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u90f5\u4ef6\u4fe1\u7bb1", "mailcap
--- Mailcap \u6a94\u6848\u8655\u7406", "Structured Markup Processing Tools", "marshal
--- \u5185\u90e8 Python \u7269\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u5316", "math
--- \u6578\u5b78\u51fd\u5f0f", "mimetypes
--- \u5c07\u6a94\u6848\u540d\u7a31\u5c0d\u6620\u5230 MIME \u985e\u578b", "\u591a\u5a92\u9ad4\u670d\u52d9", "mmap
--- \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6620\u5c04\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "modulefinder
--- \u641c\u5c0b\u8173\u672c\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u7d44", "\u5f15\u5165\u6a21\u7d44", "msilib
--- \u8b80\u5beb Microsoft Installer \u6a94\u6848", "msvcrt
--- MS VC++ runtime \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6709\u7528\u4f8b\u7a0b", "multiprocessing
--- \u4ee5\u884c\u7a0b\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u6027", "multiprocessing.shared_memory
--- \u5c0d\u65bc\u5171\u4eab\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u8de8\u884c\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6", "\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406", "netrc
--- netrc \u6a94\u6848\u8655\u7406", "nis
--- Sun NIS (Yellow Pages) \u4ecb\u9762", "nntplib
--- NNTP \u5354\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef", "numbers
--- \u6578\u503c\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "\u6578\u503c\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u6a21\u7d44", "operator
--- \u6a19\u6e96\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u66ff\u4ee3\u51fd\u5f0f", "optparse
--- \u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u9078\u9805\u5256\u6790\u5668", "os
--- \u5404\u7a2e\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecb\u9762", "os.path
--- \u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u540d\u64cd\u4f5c", "ossaudiodev
--- \u5c0d OSS \u76f8\u5bb9\u8072\u97f3\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u5b58\u53d6", "pathlib
--- \u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u8def\u5f91", "pdb
--- The Python Debugger", "\u8cc7\u6599\u6301\u4e45\u6027 (Data Persistence)", "pickle
--- Python \u7269\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u5316", "pickletools
--- pickle \u958b\u767c\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u5177", "pipes
--- shell pipelines \u4ecb\u9762", "pkgutil
--- \u5957\u4ef6\u64f4\u5145\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5f0f", "platform
--- \u5c0d\u5e95\u5c64\u5e73\u81fa\u8b58\u5225\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5b58\u53d6", "plistlib
--- \u7522\u751f\u548c\u5256\u6790 Apple .plist
\u6a94\u6848", "poplib
--- POP3 \u5354\u5b9a\u7528\u6236\u7aef", "posix
--- \u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684 POSIX \u7cfb\u7d71\u547c\u53eb", "pprint
--- \u8cc7\u6599\u7f8e\u5316\u5217\u5370\u5668", "Python \u7684\u5206\u6790\u5668", "pty
--- \u507d\u7d42\u7aef\u5de5\u5177", "pwd
--- \u5bc6\u78bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab", "py_compile
\u2014 \u7de8\u8b6f Python \u4f86\u6e90\u6a94\u6848", "pyclbr
--- Python \u6a21\u7d44\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u652f\u63f4", "pydoc
--- \u6587\u4ef6\u7522\u751f\u5668\u8207\u7dda\u4e0a\u5e6b\u52a9\u7cfb\u7d71", "xml.parsers.expat
--- \u4f7f\u7528 Expat \u9032\u884c\u5feb\u901f XML \u5256\u6790", "Python Runtime \u670d\u52d9", "queue
--- \u540c\u6b65\u4f47\u5217 (synchronized queue) \u985e\u5225", "quopri
--- \u7de8\u78bc\u548c\u89e3\u78bc MIME \u53ef\u5217\u5370\u5b57\u5143\u8cc7\u6599", "random
--- \u751f\u6210\u507d\u96a8\u6a5f\u6578", "re
--- \u6b63\u898f\u8868\u793a\u5f0f (regular expression) \u64cd\u4f5c", "readline
--- GNU readline \u4ecb\u9762", "reprlib
--- repr()
\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u5be6\u4f5c", "resource
--- \u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u8a0a", "rlcompleter
--- GNU readline \u7684\u88dc\u5168\u51fd\u5f0f", "runpy
--- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e26\u57f7\u884c Python \u6a21\u7d44", "sched
--- \u4e8b\u4ef6\u6392\u7a0b\u5668", "secrets
--- \u7522\u751f\u7528\u65bc\u7ba1\u7406\u6a5f\u5bc6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e82\u6578", "\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805", "select
--- \u7b49\u5f85 I/O \u5b8c\u6210", "selectors
--- \u9ad8\u968e I/O \u591a\u5de5", "shelve
--- Python object persistence", "shlex
--- \u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5206\u6790", "shutil
\u2014 \u9ad8\u968e\u6a94\u6848\u64cd\u4f5c", "signal
--- \u8a2d\u5b9a\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8655\u7406\u51fd\u5f0f", "site
--- Site-specific configuration hook", "smtplib
--- SMTP \u5354\u5b9a\u7528\u6236\u7aef", "sndhdr
--- \u5224\u5b9a\u8072\u97f3\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u578b\u5225", "socket
--- \u4f4e\u968e\u7db2\u8def\u4ecb\u9762", "socketserver
--- \u7528\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u6846\u67b6", "spwd
--- shadow \u5bc6\u78bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab", "sqlite3
--- SQLite \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684 DB-API 2.0 \u4ecb\u9762", "ssl
--- socket \u7269\u4ef6\u7684 TLS/SSL \u5305\u88dd\u5668", "stat
--- \u76f4\u8b6f stat()
\u7684\u7d50\u679c", "statistics
--- \u6578\u5b78\u7d71\u8a08\u51fd\u5f0f", "\u5167\u5efa\u578b\u5225", "string
--- \u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c", "stringprep
--- \u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u5b57\u4e32\u6e96\u5099", "struct
--- \u5c07\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u76f4\u8b6f\u70ba\u6253\u5305\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u8cc7\u6599", "subprocess
--- \u5b50\u884c\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406", "sunau
--- \u8b80\u5beb Sun AU \u6a94\u6848", "\u5df2\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u6a21\u7d44", "symtable
--- \u5b58\u53d6\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u8868", "sys
--- \u7cfb\u7d71\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u8207\u51fd\u5f0f", "sys.monitoring
--- Execution event monitoring", "The initialization of the sys.path
module search path", "sysconfig
--- \u63d0\u4f9b Python \u8a2d\u5b9a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u5b58\u53d6", "syslog
--- Unix syslog \u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab\u4f8b\u7a0b", "tabnanny
--- \u5075\u6e2c\u4e0d\u826f\u7e2e\u6392", "tarfile
--- \u8b80\u53d6\u8207\u5beb\u5165 tar \u5c01\u5b58\u6a94\u6848", "telnetlib
--- Telnet \u5ba2\u6236\u7aef", "tempfile
--- \u751f\u6210\u81e8\u6642\u6a94\u6848\u548c\u76ee\u9304", "termios
--- POSIX \u98a8\u683c tty \u63a7\u5236", "test
--- Python \u7684\u56de\u6b78\u6e2c\u8a66 (regression tests) \u5957\u4ef6", "\u6587\u672c\u8655\u7406 (Text Processing) \u670d\u52d9", "textwrap
--- \u6587\u5b57\u5305\u88dd\u8207\u586b\u5145", "threading
--- \u57fa\u65bc\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u6027", "time
--- Time access and conversions", "timeit
--- \u6e2c\u91cf\u5c0f\u91cf\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u9593", "\u4ee5 Tk \u6253\u9020\u5716\u5f62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762 (Graphical User Interfaces)", "tkinter
--- Tcl/Tk \u7684 Python \u4ecb\u9762", "tkinter.colorchooser
--- \u984f\u8272\u9078\u64c7\u5c0d\u8a71\u6846", "tkinter.dnd
--- \u62d6\u653e\u652f\u63f4", "tkinter.font
--- Tkinter \u5b57\u578b\u5305\u88dd\u5668", "tkinter.messagebox
--- Tkinter \u8a0a\u606f\u63d0\u793a", "tkinter.scrolledtext
--- \u6372\u52d5\u6587\u5b57\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177", "tkinter.tix
--- Tk \u64f4\u5145\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177", "tkinter.ttk
--- Tk \u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177", "token
--- \u8207 Python \u5256\u6790\u6a39\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e38\u6578", "tokenize
--- Tokenizer for Python source", "tomllib
--- \u5256\u6790 TOML \u6a94\u6848", "trace
--- \u8ffd\u8e64\u6216\u8ffd\u67e5 Python \u9673\u8ff0\u5f0f\u57f7\u884c", "traceback
--- \u5217\u5370\u6216\u53d6\u5f97\u5806\u758a\u56de\u6eaf (stack traceback)", "tracemalloc
--- \u8ffd\u8e64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u914d\u7f6e", "tty
--- \u7d42\u7aef\u6a5f\u63a7\u5236\u51fd\u5f0f", "turtle
--- \u9f9c\u5716\u5b78 (Turtle graphics)", "types
--- \u52d5\u614b\u578b\u5225\u5efa\u7acb\u8207\u5167\u5efa\u578b\u5225\u540d\u7a31", "typing
--- \u652f\u63f4\u578b\u5225\u63d0\u793a", "unicodedata
--- Unicode \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab", "unittest
--- \u55ae\u5143\u6e2c\u8a66\u6846\u67b6", "unittest.mock
\u2014 mock \u7269\u4ef6\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "unittest.mock
--- \u5165\u9580\u6307\u5357", "Unix \u7279\u6709\u670d\u52d9", "urllib
--- URL \u8655\u7406\u6a21\u7d44", "urllib.error
--- urllib.request \u5f15\u767c\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u985e\u5225", "urllib.parse
--- \u5c07 URL \u5256\u6790\u6210\u5143\u4ef6", "urllib.request
--- \u7528\u4f86\u958b\u555f URLs \u7684\u53ef\u64f4\u5145\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "urllib.robotparser
--- robots.txt \u7684\u5256\u6790\u5668", "xdrlib
--- uuencode \u6a94\u6848\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u8207\u89e3\u78bc", "uuid
--- RFC 4122 \u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684 UUID \u7269\u4ef6", "venv
--- \u5efa\u7acb\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883", "warnings
--- \u8b66\u544a\u63a7\u5236", "wave
--- \u8b80\u5beb WAV \u6a94\u6848", "weakref
--- \u5f31\u53c3\u7167", "webbrowser
--- \u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u5668", "MS Windows \u7279\u6709\u670d\u52d9", "winreg
--- Windows \u8a3b\u518a\u8868\u5b58\u53d6", "winsound
--- Windows \u7684\u8072\u97f3\u64ad\u653e\u4ecb\u9762", "wsgiref
--- WSGI \u5de5\u5177\u8207\u53c3\u8003\u5be6\u4f5c", "xdrlib
--- XDR \u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u8207\u89e3\u78bc", "XML \u8655\u7406\u6a21\u7d44", "xml.dom
--- Document \u7269\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b API", "xml.dom.minidom
--- \u6700\u5c0f\u7684 DOM \u5be6\u4f5c", "xml.dom.pulldom
--- \u652f\u63f4\u5efa\u7f6e\u90e8\u5206 DOM \u6a39", "xml.etree.cElementTree
--- ElementTree XML API", "xml.sax
--- SAX2 \u5256\u6790\u5668\u652f\u63f4", "xml.sax.handler
--- SAX \u8655\u7406\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u985e\u5225", "xml.sax.xmlreader
--- XML \u5256\u6790\u5668\u7684\u4ecb\u9762", "xml.sax.saxutils
--- SAX \u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5f0f", "xmlrpc
--- XMLRPC \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8207\u7528\u6236\u6a21\u7d44", "xmlrpc.client
--- XML-RPC \u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u5b58\u53d6", "xmlrpc.server
--- \u57fa\u672c XML-RPC \u4f3a\u670d\u5668", "zipapp
\u2014-- \u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u7684 Python zip \u5c01\u5b58\u6a94\u6848", "zipfile
--- \u8655\u7406 ZIP \u5c01\u5b58\u6a94\u6848", "zipimport
--- \u5f9e Zip \u5c01\u5b58\u6a94\u6848\u532f\u5165\u6a21\u7d44", "zlib
--- \u76f8\u5bb9\u65bc gzip \u7684\u58d3\u7e2e", "zoneinfo
--- IANA \u6642\u5340\u652f\u63f4", "\u6cbf\u9769\u8207\u6388\u6b0a", "8. \u8907\u5408\u9673\u8ff0\u5f0f", "3. \u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b", "4. \u57f7\u884c\u6a21\u578b", "6. \u904b\u7b97\u5f0f", "10. \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u683c\u66f8", "5. \u6a21\u7d44\u5f15\u5165\u7cfb\u7d71", "Python \u8a9e\u8a00\u53c3\u8003\u624b\u518a", "1. \u7c21\u4ecb", "2. \u8a5e\u6cd5\u5206\u6790", "7. \u7c21\u55ae\u9673\u8ff0\u5f0f", "9. \u6700\u9ad8\u5c64\u7d1a\u5143\u4ef6", "16. \u9644\u9304", "1. \u6dfa\u5617\u6ecb\u5473", "9. Class\uff08\u985e\u5225\uff09", "4. \u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236", "5. \u8cc7\u6599\u7d50\u69cb", "8. \u932f\u8aa4\u548c\u4f8b\u5916", "15. \u6d6e\u9ede\u6578\u904b\u7b97\uff1a\u554f\u984c\u8207\u9650\u5236", "Python \u6559\u5b78", "7. \u8f38\u5165\u548c\u8f38\u51fa", "14. \u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f\u8f38\u5165\u7de8\u8f2f\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u8a18\u9304\u66ff\u63db", "2. \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u76f4\u8b6f\u5668", "3. \u4e00\u500b\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684 Python \u7c21\u4ecb", "6. \u6a21\u7d44 (Module)", "10. Python \u6a19\u6e96\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab\u6982\u89bd", "11. Python \u6a19\u6e96\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab\u6982\u89bd\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u4efd", "12. \u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883\u8207\u5957\u4ef6", "13. \u73fe\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f86\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f", "1. \u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u8207\u74b0\u5883", "3. \u914d\u7f6e Python", "6. \u7de8\u8f2f\u5668\u8207 IDE", "Python \u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8207\u4f7f\u7528", "5. \u5728 Mac \u7cfb\u7d71\u4f7f\u7528 Python", "2. \u5728 Unix \u5e73\u81fa\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 Python", "4. \u5728 Windows \u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 Python", "Python 2.0 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 2.1 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 2.2 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 2.3 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 2.4 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 2.5 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 2.6 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 2.7 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.0 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.1 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.10 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.11 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.12 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.2 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.3 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.4 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.4 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.6 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.7 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.8 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Python 3.9 \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd", "Changelog\uff08\u66f4\u52d5\u65e5\u8a8c\uff09", "Python \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff1f"], "titleterms": {"10": [85, 88, 382, 472, 479, 480, 481, 483], "11": [473, 480, 481, 482, 483], "12": [426, 472, 473, 474, 481, 483], "13": [474, 479], "14": [474, 479, 480, 481, 482], "15": 474, "16": 64, "17": [481, 482], "205": 463, "207": 463, "208": 463, "217": 463, "218": [465, 466], "22": 85, "227": [463, 464], "229": 463, "230": 463, "232": 463, "234": 464, "235": 463, "236": 463, "237": [464, 466], "238": 464, "241": 463, "252": 464, "253": 464, "255": [464, 465], "263": 465, "273": 465, "277": 465, "278": 465, "279": 465, "282": 465, "285": 465, "289": 466, "292": 466, "293": 465, "2to3": 112, "301": 465, "302": 465, "305": 465, "307": 465, "308": 467, "309": 467, "3101": [468, 470], "3105": 468, "3106": 469, "3110": 468, "3112": 468, "3116": 468, "3118": [468, 476], "3119": 468, "3127": 468, "3129": 468, "3137": 469, "314": 467, "3141": 468, "3147": 475, "3148": 475, "3149": 475, "3151": 476, "3155": 476, "318": 466, "32": 64, "322": 466, "324": 466, "327": 466, "328": [466, 467], "331": 466, "3333": 475, "338": 467, "341": 467, "342": 467, "343": [467, 468], "352": 467, "353": 467, "357": 467, "362": 476, "366": 468, "370": 468, "371": 468, "372": [469, 471], "378": [469, 471], "380": 476, "384": 475, "389": [469, 475], "391": [469, 475], "393": 476, "397": 476, "405": 476, "409": 476, "412": 476, "4122": 398, "414": 476, "420": 476, "421": 476, "434": 469, "436": 477, "442": 477, "445": 477, "446": 477, "448": 478, "451": 477, "453": [469, 477], "456": 477, "461": 478, "465": 478, "466": 469, "468": 479, "471": 478, "475": 478, "476": [469, 477], "477": 469, "479": 478, "484": 478, "485": 478, "486": 478, "487": 479, "488": 478, "489": 478, "492": 478, "493": 469, "495": 479, "498": 479, "515": 479, "519": 479, "520": 479, "523": 479, "525": 479, "526": 479, "528": 479, "529": 479, "530": 479, "538": 480, "539": 480, "540": 480, "545": 480, "552": 480, "553": 480, "560": 480, "562": 480, "563": [473, 480], "564": 480, "565": 480, "578": 481, "587": 481, "590": 481, "604": 472, "612": 472, "613": 472, "626": 472, "634": 472, "64": 405, "646": 473, "647": 472, "652": 472, "654": 473, "655": 473, "657": 473, "659": 473, "669": 474, "673": 473, "675": 473, "678": 473, "681": 473, "684": 474, "688": 474, "692": 474, "695": 474, "698": 474, "701": 474, "709": 474, "__annotations__": 88, "__builtin_new": 79, "__class_getitem__": 428, "__del__": [85, 402], "__dunder__": [94, 211], "__enter__": 169, "__future__": [113, 463], "__getitem__": 428, "__import__": 85, "__index__": 467, "__init__": [94, 181], "__main__": [114, 432, 480], "__name__": 114, "__new__": 94, "__path__": 432, "__pure_virtu": 79, "__slots__": [93, 428, 472], "__spam": 85, "__spec__": 432, "_private__nam": 94, "_pth": 354, "_someclassname__spam": 85, "_sunder_": [94, 211], "_thread": [115, 472], "a_tupl": 85, "abbrevi": 120, "abc": [116, 161, 250, 253, 289, 386, 472, 475, 476, 477, 478, 482], "abi": [4, 57, 472, 475, 481], "about": [33, 85, 151, 193, 462], "absolut": 467, "abstract": [2, 75, 122, 161, 250, 468], "abstractbasicauthhandl": 395, "abstractdigestauthhandl": 395, "accept": 337, "access": [58, 64, 94, 100, 167, 176, 252, 266, 268, 366, 405, 428, 464, 474, 480], "accessor": 410, "acknowledg": 95, "across": 102, "action": [120, 292], "adapt": 340, "add_argu": 120, "add_help": 120, "added": 469, "adding": [76, 102, 292, 469, 479], "addit": [85, 207, 385, 461, 478], "address": [99, 259, 283], "advanc": [33, 101, 193, 468], "adverb": 319, "affect": 344, "after": 214, "aifc": [117, 477, 480], "aiff": 117, "aka": 94, "algorithm": [147, 251, 384, 477], "alia": 344, "alias": [386, 427], "align": [176, 347], "all": [85, 283, 292, 319, 382, 469, 478, 479], "alloc": [33, 42, 61, 75, 465, 477], "allow": 94, "allow_abbrev": 120, "alpha": 483, "alreadi": 470, "also": 428, "altern": [102, 434, 461], "among": 84, "an": [72, 73, 79, 84, 85, 93, 102, 109, 169, 183, 196, 250, 262, 348, 399, 461, 469], "analysi": 191, "ancillari": 353, "and": [5, 7, 23, 25, 33, 58, 64, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 85, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 100, 102, 106, 108, 109, 110, 120, 125, 128, 132, 133, 151, 158, 161, 169, 176, 183, 226, 230, 243, 247, 250, 252, 255, 259, 260, 262, 266, 268, 270, 275, 283, 292, 293, 296, 299, 308, 319, 328, 332, 333, 337, 340, 341, 344, 347, 353, 365, 366, 369, 382, 384, 385, 386, 388, 410, 411, 413, 419, 425, 428, 429, 430, 432, 435, 456, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483], "angular": 275, "ani": [169, 386, 389], "anim": 384, "annot": [88, 344, 429, 436, 441, 479, 480], "anoth": 85, "ansi": 158, "api": [4, 5, 8, 10, 14, 30, 32, 33, 34, 42, 57, 73, 86, 94, 96, 115, 123, 124, 126, 130, 167, 193, 196, 207, 210, 230, 251, 299, 340, 344, 348, 382, 399, 410, 413, 421, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483], "app": 72, "appear": [85, 384], "appl": [304, 481, 482], "appli": 85, "applic": [92, 93, 102, 158, 230, 247, 347, 421, 461, 467, 478], "approach": [77, 470, 472], "appropri": 428, "approxim": [250, 478], "arbitrari": [73, 79, 101, 292, 441, 473], "architectur": 369, "archiv": [332, 421, 465], "are": [84, 85, 94, 193, 292, 477], "arena": 42, "argpars": [89, 120, 469, 472, 475, 477, 478, 480], "argument": [5, 85, 90, 120, 176, 292, 293, 348, 353, 428, 441, 461, 477, 479], "argument_default": 120, "argumentpars": 120, "argv": 120, "arithmet": [259, 430], "array": [7, 8, 85, 121, 147, 176, 262, 472, 474, 476, 479], "articl": 110, "as": [99, 101, 102, 169, 259, 384, 427, 428, 467, 468, 481], "ascii": [64, 146, 178, 394], "assert": [106, 436], "assign": [430, 436, 462, 481], "assort": 75, "ast": [122, 468, 475, 479, 481, 482], "async": [63, 122, 427, 478], "asynchat": [472, 474, 479], "asynchron": [33, 255, 338, 386, 428, 430, 479], "asyncio": [123, 125, 135, 170, 426, 472, 473, 474, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482], "asyncor": [472, 474, 475, 479], "at": 84, "atexit": 140, "atom": 430, "attr": 410, "attribut": [58, 75, 76, 85, 92, 93, 94, 102, 235, 255, 267, 292, 293, 340, 344, 352, 416, 428, 430, 432, 463, 464, 479, 480], "attributeerror": 472, "attributesn": 416, "au": 349, "au_read": 349, "au_writ": 349, "audio": 295, "audioop": [141, 426, 477], "audit": 481, "augment": [436, 462], "authent": [110, 283], "auto": 94, "autocommit": 340, "automat": [93, 94, 247], "autospecc": 389, "avail": [183, 400], "avoid": [84, 100, 102], "await": [122, 125, 139, 428, 430, 478], "awar": [109, 183, 478], "babyl": 271, "babylmessag": 271, "background": 266, "backport": 469, "backslash": [85, 106], "bad": 103, "band": [299, 481], "barrier": [138, 365], "base": [58, 85, 102, 133, 158, 161, 213, 230, 250, 432, 468, 469, 475, 480], "base16": 143, "base32": 143, "base64": [143, 472, 476, 477], "base85": 143, "base_dir": 332, "basehandl": 395, "baserotatinghandl": 269, "basic": [76, 110, 193, 375, 428], "bayesian": 343, "bdb": [144, 472], "be": [85, 250, 299], "begin": 103, "behavior": [422, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481], "behaviour": 167, "beopen": 426, "best": [85, 326, 341], "beta": [80, 483], "better": 478, "between": [77, 85, 109, 283, 292, 435], "beyond": [72, 120], "big": [481, 482], "bin": 348, "binari": [111, 158, 258, 344, 419, 430, 452], "binascii": [146, 476, 479, 480], 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\ No newline at end of file
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"handling-keyboard-interruption"]], "Handling Stateful Objects": [[299, "handling-stateful-objects"]], "Handling boolean (flag) options": [[292, "handling-boolean-flag-options"]], "Handy Reference": [[369, "handy-reference"]], "Hash Objects": [[235, "hash-objects"]], "Hashing Methods": [[173, "hashing-methods"]], "Headers": [[110, "headers"]], "Heap Types": [[63, "heap-types"], [100, "heap-types"]], "Hello World!": [[123, null]], "Help and Preferences": [[247, "help-and-preferences"]], "Help and configuration": [[384, "help-and-configuration"]], "Help menu (Shell and Editor)": [[247, "help-menu-shell-and-editor"]], "Help sources": [[247, "help-sources"]], "Hierarchical ListBox": [[375, "hierarchical-listbox"]], "Higher Level Interface": [[151, "higher-level-interface"]], "Hints for further verification": [[358, "hints-for-further-verification"]], "History file": [[320, "history-file"]], "History list": [[320, "history-list"]], "Home scheme": [[355, "home-scheme"]], "Host Interfaces": [[99, "host-interfaces"]], "How It Works": [[193, "how-it-works"]], "How are Docstring Examples Recognized?": [[193, "how-are-docstring-examples-recognized"]], "How are Enums and Flags different?": [[94, "how-are-enums-and-flags-different"]], "How callbacks are called": [[292, "how-callbacks-are-called"]], "How can I evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C?": [[79, "how-can-i-evaluate-an-arbitrary-python-expression-from-c"]], "How can I have modules that mutually import each other?": [[85, "how-can-i-have-modules-that-mutually-import-each-other"]], "How can I organize my code to make it easier to change the base class?": [[85, "how-can-i-organize-my-code-to-make-it-easier-to-change-the-base-class"]], "How can I overload constructors (or methods) in Python?": [[85, "how-can-i-overload-constructors-or-methods-in-python"]], "How can I pass optional or keyword parameters from one function to another?": [[85, "how-can-i-pass-optional-or-keyword-parameters-from-one-function-to-another"]], "How can I sort one list by values from another list?": [[85, "how-can-i-sort-one-list-by-values-from-another-list"]], "How do I apply a method or function to a sequence of objects?": [[85, "how-do-i-apply-a-method-or-function-to-a-sequence-of-objects"]], "How do I avoid blocking in the connect() method of a socket?": [[84, "how-do-i-avoid-blocking-in-the-connect-method-of-a-socket"]], "How do I cache method calls?": [[85, "how-do-i-cache-method-calls"]], "How do I call a method defined in a base class from a derived class that extends it?": [[85, "how-do-i-call-a-method-defined-in-a-base-class-from-a-derived-class-that-extends-it"]], "How do I check if an object is an instance of a given class or of a subclass of it?": [[85, "how-do-i-check-if-an-object-is-an-instance-of-a-given-class-or-of-a-subclass-of-it"]], "How do I convert between tuples and lists?": [[85, "how-do-i-convert-between-tuples-and-lists"]], "How do I create a .pyc file?": [[85, "how-do-i-create-a-pyc-file"]], "How do I create a multidimensional list?": [[85, "how-do-i-create-a-multidimensional-list"]], "How do I create documentation from doc strings?": [[84, "how-do-i-create-documentation-from-doc-strings"]], "How do I create static class data and static class methods?": [[85, "how-do-i-create-static-class-data-and-static-class-methods"]], "How do I find the current module name?": [[85, "how-do-i-find-the-current-module-name"]], "How do I get a list of all instances of a given class?": [[85, "how-do-i-get-a-list-of-all-instances-of-a-given-class"]], "How do I get a single keypress at a time?": [[84, "how-do-i-get-a-single-keypress-at-a-time"]], "How do I get int literal attribute instead of SyntaxError?": [[85, "how-do-i-get-int-literal-attribute-instead-of-syntaxerror"]], "How do I interface to C++ objects from Python?": [[79, "how-do-i-interface-to-c-objects-from-python"]], "How do I iterate over a sequence in reverse order?": [[85, "how-do-i-iterate-over-a-sequence-in-reverse-order"]], "How do I modify a string in place?": [[85, "how-do-i-modify-a-string-in-place"]], "How do I parcel out work among a bunch of worker threads?": [[84, "how-do-i-parcel-out-work-among-a-bunch-of-worker-threads"]], "How do I use strings to call functions/methods?": [[85, "how-do-i-use-strings-to-call-functions-methods"]], "How do I write a function with output parameters (call by reference)?": [[85, "how-do-i-write-a-function-with-output-parameters-call-by-reference"]], "How do I...? What option does...?": [[369, "how-do-i-what-option-does"]], "How do you implement persistent objects in Python?": [[84, "how-do-you-implement-persistent-objects-in-python"]], "How do you make a higher order function in Python?": [[85, "how-do-you-make-a-higher-order-function-in-python"]], "How do you make an array in Python?": [[85, "how-do-you-make-an-array-in-python"]], "How do you remove duplicates from a list?": [[85, "how-do-you-remove-duplicates-from-a-list"]], "How do you remove multiple items from a list": [[85, "how-do-you-remove-multiple-items-from-a-list"]], "How optparse handles errors": [[292, "how-optparse-handles-errors"]], "How to adapt custom Python types to SQLite values": [[340, "how-to-adapt-custom-python-types-to-sqlite-values"]], "How to configure Screen and Turtles": [[384, "how-to-configure-screen-and-turtles"]], "How to convert SQLite values to custom Python types": [[340, "how-to-convert-sqlite-values-to-custom-python-types"]], "How to create and use row factories": [[340, "how-to-create-and-use-row-factories"]], "How to handle non-UTF-8 text encodings": [[340, "how-to-handle-non-utf-8-text-encodings"]], "How to register adapter callables": [[340, "how-to-register-adapter-callables"]], "How to treat a logger like an output stream": [[102, "how-to-treat-a-logger-like-an-output-stream"]], "How to use connection shortcut methods": [[340, "how-to-use-connection-shortcut-methods"]], "How to use help": [[384, "how-to-use-help"]], "How to use placeholders to bind values in SQL queries": [[340, "how-to-use-placeholders-to-bind-values-in-sql-queries"]], "How to use the connection context manager": [[340, "how-to-use-the-connection-context-manager"]], "How to work with SQLite URIs": [[340, "how-to-work-with-sqlite-uris"]], "How to write adaptable objects": [[340, "how-to-write-adaptable-objects"]], "How to...": [[384, "how-to"]], "How-to guides": [[340, "how-to-guides"]], "Hyperbolic functions": [[275, "hyperbolic-functions"]], "I can't seem to use os.read() on a pipe created with os.popen(); why?": [[84, "i-can-t-seem-to-use-os-read-on-a-pipe-created-with-os-popen-why"]], "I try to use __spam and I get an error about _SomeClassName__spam.": [[85, "i-try-to-use-spam-and-i-get-an-error-about-someclassname-spam"]], "I want to do a complicated sort: can you do a Schwartzian Transform in Python?": [[85, "i-want-to-do-a-complicated-sort-can-you-do-a-schwartzian-transform-in-python"]], "I/O objects (also known as file objects)": [[428, "i-o-objects-also-known-as-file-objects"]], "I/O \u57fa\u790e\u985e\u5225": [[258, "i-o-base-classes"]], "IDLE": [[247, "idle"], [471, "idle"], [475, "idle"], [483, "idle"], [483, "id12"], [483, "id22"], [483, "id31"], [483, "id84"], [483, "id94"], [483, "id158"], [483, "id187"], [483, "id196"], [483, "id221"], [483, "id231"], [483, "id242"], [483, "id251"], [483, "id261"], [483, "id271"], [483, "id289"], [483, "id300"], [483, "id310"], [483, "id330"], [483, "id341"], [483, "id351"], [483, "id357"], 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[[268, "import-resolution-and-custom-importers"]], "Import-related module attributes": [[432, "import-related-module-attributes"]], "Important": [[211, null], [267, "index-0"], [268, null], [269, null]], "Important Tk Concepts": [[369, "important-tk-concepts"]], "Importing a source file directly": [[250, "importing-a-source-file-directly"]], "Importing programmatically": [[250, "importing-programmatically"]], "Improved Compatibility with Shells": [[331, "improved-compatibility-with-shells"]], "Improved Error Messages": [[474, "improved-error-messages"]], "Improved SSL Support": [[468, "improved-ssl-support"]], "Improvements to Codec Handling": [[477, "improvements-to-codec-handling"]], "Incomplete Types": [[176, "incomplete-types"]], "Incremental (de)compression": [[149, "incremental-de-compression"]], "Incremental Configuration": [[268, "incremental-configuration"]], "Incremental Encoding and Decoding": [[158, "incremental-encoding-and-decoding"]], "IncrementalDecoder \u7269\u4ef6": 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SysLogHandler": [[102, "inserting-a-bom-into-messages-sent-to-a-sysloghandler"]], "Inspecting Address/Network/Interface Objects": [[99, "inspecting-address-network-interface-objects"]], "Installation paths": [[355, "installation-paths"]], "Installing your CGI script on a Unix system": [[151, "installing-your-cgi-script-on-a-unix-system"]], "Instance methods": [[428, "instance-methods"]], "Instant User's Manual": [[308, "instant-user-s-manual"]], "IntEnum": [[94, "intenum"]], "IntFlag": [[94, "intflag"]], "Integer literals": [[435, "integer-literals"]], "Integer string conversion length limitation": [[344, "integer-string-conversion-length-limitation"]], "Integration with the warnings module": [[267, "integration-with-the-warnings-module"]], "Interacting with Subprocesses": [[137, "interacting-with-subprocesses"]], "Interaction with dynamic features": [[429, "interaction-with-dynamic-features"]], "Interactive Console Objects": [[157, "interactive-console-objects"]], "Interactive 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the Signature object": [[255, "introspecting-callables-with-the-signature-object"]], "Introspection": [[139, "introspection"]], "Introspection helpers": [[386, "introspection-helpers"]], "Invalid arguments": [[120, "invalid-arguments"]], "Invocation from a class": [[93, "invocation-from-a-class"]], "Invocation from an instance": [[93, "invocation-from-an-instance"]], "Invocation from super": [[93, "invocation-from-super"]], "Invoking Descriptors": [[428, "invoking-descriptors"]], "Irrefutable Case Blocks": [[427, "irrefutable-case-blocks"]], "Is it possible to write obfuscated one-liners in Python?": [[85, "is-it-possible-to-write-obfuscated-one-liners-in-python"]], "Is there a scanf() or sscanf() equivalent?": [[85, "is-there-a-scanf-or-sscanf-equivalent"]], "Is there an equivalent to C's onexit() in Python?": [[84, "is-there-an-equivalent-to-c-s-onexit-in-python"]], "Is there an equivalent to Perl's chomp() for removing trailing newlines from strings?": [[85, "is-there-an-equivalent-to-perl-s-chomp-for-removing-trailing-newlines-from-strings"]], "Isolated Configuration": [[34, "isolated-configuration"]], "Isolated Module Objects": [[100, "isolated-module-objects"]], "Issue with file descriptors": [[214, "issue-with-file-descriptors"]], "Issuing warnings": [[23, "issuing-warnings"]], "Item Options": [[376, "item-options"]], "Iteration": [[94, "iteration"], [259, "iteration"]], "Iterators": [[95, "iterators"]], "Itertool Functions": [[261, "itertool-functions"]], "Itertools Recipes": [[261, "itertools-recipes"]], "Java \u5e73\u53f0": [[303, "java-platform"]], "Kevent Objects": [[328, "kevent-objects"]], "Key bindings": [[247, "key-bindings"]], "Key derivation": [[235, "key-derivation"]], "Keyed hashing": [[235, "keyed-hashing"]], "Keyword Parameters for Extension Functions": [[73, "keyword-parameters-for-extension-functions"]], "Kinds of methods": [[93, "kinds-of-methods"]], "Known issues": [[461, "known-issues"]], "Kqueue Objects": [[328, "kqueue-objects"]], "LIFO Queue": [[134, "lifo-queue"]], "Label Options": [[376, "label-options"]], "Lambda \u904b\u7b97\u5f0f": [[441, "lambda-expressions"]], "Lambdas": [[430, "lambda"]], "Latin-1 \u7de8\u89e3\u78bc\u5668": [[64, "latin-1-codecs"]], "Layouts": [[376, "layouts"]], "Lazy evaluation": [[429, "lazy-evaluation"]], "Legacy API Examples": [[167, "legacy-api-examples"]], "Legacy Shell Invocation Functions": [[348, "legacy-shell-invocation-functions"]], "Legacy interface": [[395, "legacy-interface"]], "LexicalHandler \u7269\u4ef6": [[415, "lexicalhandler-objects"]], "Library": [[483, "library"], [483, "id3"], [483, "id7"], [483, "id16"], [483, "id25"], [483, "id34"], [483, "id40"], [483, "id46"], [483, "id56"], [483, "id66"], [483, "id73"], [483, "id79"], [483, "id88"], [483, "id98"], [483, "id107"], [483, "id117"], [483, "id123"], [483, "id133"], [483, "id143"], [483, "id152"], [483, "id164"], [483, "id173"], [483, "id182"], [483, "id190"], [483, "id199"], [483, "id207"], 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"id715"], [483, "id721"], [483, "id727"], [483, "id732"], [483, "id737"]], "Lifetime of the Module State": [[100, "lifetime-of-the-module-state"]], "Line buffer": [[320, "line-buffer"]], "Line structure": [[435, "line-structure"]], "Linker flags": [[456, "linker-flags"]], "Linker options": [[456, "linker-options"]], "Linux extended attributes": [[293, "linux-extended-attributes"]], "Linux \u5e73\u53f0": [[303, "linux-platforms"]], "List Comprehensions\uff08\u4e32\u5217\u7d9c\u5408\u904b\u7b97\uff09": [[442, "list-comprehensions"]], "List displays": [[430, "list-displays"]], "Listeners and Clients": [[283, "module-multiprocessing.connection"]], "List\uff08\u4e32\u5217\uff09": [[344, "lists"], [449, "lists"]], "List\uff08\u4e32\u5217\uff09\u7269\u4ef6": [[38, "list-objects"]], "Literal Patterns": [[427, "literal-patterns"]], "Literals": [[430, "literals"], [435, "literals"]], "Loaders": [[432, "loaders"]], "Loading": [[432, "loading"]], "Loading and running tests": [[388, "loading-and-running-tests"]], "Loading dynamic link libraries": [[176, "loading-dynamic-link-libraries"]], "Loading shared libraries": [[176, "loading-shared-libraries"]], "Local events": [[353, "local-events"]], "Locale Encoding": [[64, "locale-encoding"]], "Localizing your application": [[230, "localizing-your-application"]], "Localizing your module": [[230, "localizing-your-module"]], "Locator Objects": [[416, "locator-objects"]], "Lock": [[138, "lock"]], "Lock Objects": [[365, "lock-objects"]], "LogRecord attributes": [[267, "logrecord-attributes"]], "LogRecord \u7269\u4ef6": [[267, "logrecord-objects"]], "Logger \u7269\u4ef6": [[267, "logger-objects"]], "LoggerAdapter \u7269\u4ef6": [[267, "loggeradapter-objects"]], "Loggers": [[101, "loggers"]], "Logging": [[283, "logging"]], "Logging Cookbook": [[102, "logging-cookbook"]], "Logging Flow": [[101, "logging-flow"]], "Logging Levels": [[101, "logging-levels"], [267, "logging-levels"]], "Logging from multiple threads": [[102, 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"Third-party guides": [[105, "third-party-guides"]], "Thread Local Storage (TLS) API": [[33, "thread-local-storage-tls-api"]], "Thread Local Storage Support": [[33, "thread-local-storage-support"]], "Thread Objects": [[365, "thread-objects"]], "Thread Safety": [[267, "thread-safety"]], "Thread Specific Storage (TSS) API": [[33, "thread-specific-storage-tss-api"]], "Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock": [[33, "thread-state-and-the-global-interpreter-lock"]], "Thread-Local Data": [[365, "thread-local-data"]], "ThreadPoolExecutor": [[166, "threadpoolexecutor"]], "ThreadPoolExecutor \u7bc4\u4f8b": [[166, "threadpoolexecutor-example"]], "Threading model": [[369, "threading-model"]], "TimePeriod": [[94, "timeperiod"]], "TimedRotatingFileHandler": [[269, "timedrotatingfilehandler"]], "Timeouts": [[139, "timeouts"]], "Timeouts and the accept method": [[337, "timeouts-and-the-accept-method"]], "Timeouts and the connect method": [[337, "timeouts-and-the-connect-method"]], "Timer 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\u6e2c\u8a66\u5957\u4ef6": [[426, "w3c-c14n-test-suite"]], "Waiting Primitives": [[139, "waiting-primitives"]], "Warning Categories": [[400, "warning-categories"]], "Warnings": [[193, "warnings"]], "WatchedFileHandler": [[269, "watchedfilehandler"]], "Wave_read \u7269\u4ef6": [[401, "wave-read-objects"]], "Wave_write \u7269\u4ef6": [[401, "wave-write-objects"]], "Weak Reference Support": [[75, "weak-reference-support"]], "WebAssembly \u5e73\u53f0": [[257, "webassembly-platforms"]], "WebAssembly \u9078\u9805": [[456, "webassembly-options"]], "What About Exceptions?": [[193, "what-about-exceptions"]], "What About Python 1.6?": [[462, "what-about-python-1-6"]], "What Is Deterministic Profiling?": [[308, "what-is-deterministic-profiling"]], "What are options for?": [[292, "what-are-options-for"]], "What are positional arguments for?": [[292, "what-are-positional-arguments-for"]], "What are the \"best practices\" for using import in a module?": [[85, "what-are-the-best-practices-for-using-import-in-a-module"]], "What can be pickled and unpickled?": [[299, "what-can-be-pickled-and-unpickled"]], "What does the slash(/) in the parameter list of a function mean?": [[85, "what-does-the-slash-in-the-parameter-list-of-a-function-mean"]], "What happens if no configuration is provided": [[101, "what-happens-if-no-configuration-is-provided"]], "What is curses?": [[92, "what-is-curses"]], "What is delegation?": [[85, "what-is-delegation"]], "What is self?": [[85, "what-is-self"]], "What is the most efficient way to concatenate many strings together?": [[85, "what-is-the-most-efficient-way-to-concatenate-many-strings-together"]], "What kinds of global value mutation are thread-safe?": [[84, "what-kinds-of-global-value-mutation-are-thread-safe"]], "What's a negative index?": [[85, "what-s-a-negative-index"]], "What's the Execution Context?": [[193, "what-s-the-execution-context"]], "What's up with the comma operator's precedence?": [[85, "what-s-up-with-the-comma-operator-s-precedence"]], "When to use __new__() vs. __init__()": [[94, "when-to-use-new-vs-init"]], "Which Docstrings Are Examined?": [[193, "which-docstrings-are-examined"]], "Whitespace between tokens": [[435, "whitespace-between-tokens"]], "Who should read this": [[100, "who-should-read-this"]], "Why are default values shared between objects?": [[85, "why-are-default-values-shared-between-objects"]], "Why do lambdas defined in a loop with different values all return the same result?": [[85, "why-do-lambdas-defined-in-a-loop-with-different-values-all-return-the-same-result"]], "Why does a_tuple[i] += ['item'] raise an exception when the addition works?": [[85, "why-does-a-tuple-i-item-raise-an-exception-when-the-addition-works"]], "Why does the result of id() appear to be not unique?": [[85, "why-does-the-result-of-id-appear-to-be-not-unique"]], "Why doesn't closing sys.stdout (stdin, stderr) really close it?": [[84, "why-doesn-t-closing-sys-stdout-stdin-stderr-really-close-it"]], "Why don't my signal handlers work?": [[84, "why-don-t-my-signal-handlers-work"]], "Why is Decimal needed?": [[466, "why-is-decimal-needed"]], "Widget": [[376, "widget"]], "Widget States": [[376, "widget-states"]], "Wildcard Patterns": [[427, "wildcard-patterns"]], "Window Objects": [[177, "window-objects"]], "Window control": [[384, "window-control"]], "Window menu (Shell and Editor)": [[247, "window-menu-shell-and-editor"]], "Windows": [[131, "windows"], [483, "windows"], [483, "id11"], [483, "id20"], [483, "id29"], [483, "id36"], [483, "id50"], [483, "id60"], [483, "id75"], [483, "id82"], [483, "id92"], [483, "id102"], [483, "id111"], [483, "id121"], [483, "id127"], [483, "id137"], [483, "id147"], [483, "id156"], [483, "id168"], [483, "id177"], [483, "id186"], [483, "id194"], [483, "id203"], [483, "id211"], [483, "id219"], [483, "id229"], [483, "id240"], [483, "id250"], [483, "id259"], [483, "id269"], [483, "id287"], [483, "id298"], [483, "id308"], [483, "id318"], [483, "id328"], [483, "id339"], [483, "id350"], [483, "id365"], [483, "id375"], [483, "id386"], [483, "id397"], [483, "id408"], [483, "id416"], [483, "id424"], [483, "id435"], [483, "id449"], [483, "id459"], [483, "id470"], [483, "id479"], [483, "id486"], [483, "id494"], [483, "id511"], [483, "id520"], [483, "id533"], [483, "id543"], [483, "id556"], [483, "id569"], [483, "id575"], [483, "id582"], [483, "id596"], [483, "id601"], [483, "id612"], [483, "id617"], [483, "id634"], [483, "id645"], [483, "id658"], [483, "id668"], [483, "id680"], [483, "id683"], [483, "id690"], [483, "id735"], [483, "id744"]], "Windows Constants": [[348, "windows-constants"]], "Windows Popen Helpers": [[348, "windows-popen-helpers"]], "Windows and Pads": [[92, "windows-and-pads"]], "Windows py.exe \u555f\u52d5\u7a0b\u5f0f (launcher) \u7684\u6539\u9032": [[473, "windows-py-exe-launcher-improvements"]], "Windows \u5e73\u53f0": [[303, "windows-platform"]], "Windows \u7684\u5b50\u884c\u7a0b\u652f\u63f4": [[131, "subprocess-support-on-windows"]], "Windows-only Changes": [[480, "windows-only-changes"], [480, "id12"]], "With Statement Context Managers": [[428, "with-statement-context-managers"]], "Working with threads": [[186, "working-with-threads"]], "Wrapping it Up": [[110, "wrapping-it-up"]], "Write-only Transports": [[133, "write-only-transports"]], "Writing Context Managers": [[467, "writing-context-managers"], [468, "writing-context-managers"]], "Writing Extensions in C++": [[73, "writing-extensions-in-c"]], "Writing a Custom Event Loop": [[128, "writing-a-custom-event-loop"]], "Writing a Tokenizer": [[319, "writing-a-tokenizer"]], "XInclude support": [[413, "xinclude-support"]], "XML tree and elements": [[413, "xml-tree-and-elements"]], "XML \u6a21\u7d44": [[462, "xml-modules"]], "XML \u6f0f\u6d1e": [[409, "xml-vulnerabilities"]], "XML \u8655\u7406\u6a21\u7d44": [[409, "module-xml"]], "XML \u9060\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u547c\u53eb": [[426, "xml-remote-procedure-calls"]], "XMLParser \u7269\u4ef6": [[314, "xmlparser-objects"], [413, "xmlparser-objects"]], "XMLPullParser \u7269\u4ef6": [[413, "xmlpullparser-objects"]], "XMLReader \u7269\u4ef6": [[416, "xmlreader-objects"]], "XPath \u652f\u63f4": [[413, "xpath-support"]], "Yield expressions": [[430, "yield-expressions"]], "You should check for DeprecationWarning in your code": [[482, "you-should-check-for-deprecationwarning-in-your-code"]], "ZipFile \u7269\u4ef6": [[422, "zipfile-objects"]], "ZipInfo \u7269\u4ef6": [[422, "zipinfo-objects"]], "_Private__names": [[94, "private-names"]], "__annotations__ \u5947\u7570\u4e4b\u8655": [[88, "annotations-quirks"]], "__class_getitem__ versus __getitem__": [[428, "class-getitem-versus-getitem"]], "__future__ --- Future \u9673\u8ff0\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7fa9": [[113, "module-__future__"]], "__import__('x.y.z') \u56de\u50b3 None
\u7269\u4ef6", "\u6578\u5b57\u5354\u5b9a", "\u820a\u5f0f\u7de9\u885d\u5354\u5b9a (Buffer Protocol)", "\u7269\u4ef6\u5354\u5b9a", "Object Implementation Support", "Support for Perf Maps", "\u53c3\u7167\u8a08\u6578", "Reflection", "\u5e8f\u5217\u5354\u5b9a", "\u96c6\u5408\u7269\u4ef6", "\u5207\u7247\u7269\u4ef6", "C API \u7a69\u5b9a\u6027", "\u901a\u7528\u7269\u4ef6\u7d50\u69cb", "\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u5de5\u5177", "Tuple\uff08\u5143\u7d44\uff09\u7269\u4ef6", "\u578b\u5225\u7269\u4ef6", "\u578b\u5225\u63d0\u793a\u7269\u4ef6", "\u578b\u5225\u7269\u4ef6", "Unicode \u7269\u4ef6\u8207\u7de8\u89e3\u78bc\u5668", "\u5de5\u5177", "The Very High Level Layer", "\u5f31\u53c3\u7167\u7269\u4ef6", "Python \u8aaa\u660e\u6587\u4ef6\u5167\u5bb9", "\u7248\u6b0a\u5ba3\u544a", "\u767c\u5e03 Python \u6a21\u7d44", "4. \u5efa\u7acb C \u8207 C++ \u64f4\u5145\u5957\u4ef6", "1. \u5728\u5176\u5b83 App \u5167\u5d4c\u5165 Python", "1. \u4ee5 C \u6216 C++ \u64f4\u5145 Python", "\u64f4\u5145\u548c\u5d4c\u5165 Python \u76f4\u8b6f\u5668", "3. Defining Extension Types: Assorted Topics", "2. Defining Extension Types: Tutorial", "5. \u5efa\u7f6e Windows \u4e0a\u7684 C \u548c C++ \u64f4\u5145", "\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u64f4\u5145/\u5d4c\u5165\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c\u96c6", "\u4e00\u822c\u7684 Python \u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u5716\u5f62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "Python \u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c", "\u300c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc Python \u88ab\u5b89\u88dd\u5728\u6211\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0a\uff1f\u300d\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab\u548c\u64f4\u5145\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u984c", "\u7a0b\u5f0f\u958b\u767c\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u5728 Windows \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u7684\u5e38\u898b\u554f\u7b54\u96c6", "\u8853\u8a9e\u8868", "\u8a3b\u91cb (annotation) \u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u8e10", "Argparse \u6559\u5b78", "Argument Clinic \u6307\u5357", "\u9077\u79fb\u5ef6\u4f38\u6a21\u7d44\u5230 Python 3", "Curses Programming with Python", "\u63cf\u8ff0\u5668 (Descriptor) \u6307\u5357", "Enum HOWTO", "\u51fd\u5f0f\u7de8\u7a0b HOWTO", "Debugging C API extensions and CPython Internals with GDB", "Python \u5982\u4f55\u9054\u6210\u4efb\u52d9", "\u4f7f\u7528 DTrace \u548c SystemTap \u6aa2\u6e2c CPython", "ipaddress \u6a21\u7d44\u4ecb\u7d39", "\u9694\u96e2\u64f4\u5145\u6a21\u7d44", "\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Logging \u6a21\u7d44", "Logging Cookbook", "The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order", "Python \u5c0d Linux perf
\u5206\u6790\u5668\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "\u5982\u4f55\u5c07 Python 2 \u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u79fb\u690d\u5230 Python 3", "\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u898f\u8868\u9054\u5f0f", "Socket \u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u6307\u5357", "\u6392\u5e8f\u6280\u6cd5", "Unicode HOWTO", "\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 urllib \u5957\u4ef6\u53d6\u5f97\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6e90", "\u5b89\u88dd Python \u6a21\u7d44", "2to3 --- \u81ea\u52d5\u5c07 Python 2\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8f49\u6210 Python 3", "__future__
--- Future \u9673\u8ff0\u5f0f\u5b9a\u7fa9", "__main__
--- \u9802\u5c64\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u74b0\u5883", "_thread
--- \u4f4e\u968e\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2 API", "abc
--- \u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "aifc
--- \u8b80\u5beb AIFF \u8207 AIFC \u6a94\u6848", "\u901a\u7528\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u670d\u52d9", "\u8cc7\u6599\u58d3\u7e2e\u8207\u4fdd\u5b58", "argparse
--- Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands", "array
--- \u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6578\u503c\u578b\u9663\u5217", "ast
--- \u62bd\u8c61\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6a39 (Abstract Syntax Trees)", "asyncio
--- \u975e\u540c\u6b65 I/O", "\u9ad8\u968e API \u7d22\u5f15", "\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio \u958b\u767c", "\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8ff4\u5708", "\u4f8b\u5916", "\u64f4\u5145", "Futures", "\u4f4e\u968e API \u7d22\u5f15", "\u5e73\u81fa\u652f\u63f4", "Policies", "\u50b3\u8f38\u8207\u5354\u5b9a", "\u4f47\u5217 (Queues)", "Runners (\u57f7\u884c\u5668)", "\u4e32\u6d41", "\u5b50\u884c\u7a0b", "\u540c\u6b65\u5316\u539f\u59cb\u7269\u4ef6 (Synchronization Primitives)", "\u5354\u7a0b\u8207\u4efb\u52d9", "atexit
--- \u9000\u51fa\u8655\u7406\u51fd\u5f0f", "audioop
--- \u64cd\u4f5c\u539f\u59cb\u8072\u97f3\u6a94\u6848", "\u7a3d\u6838\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8868", "base64
--- Base16\u3001Base32\u3001Base64\u3001Base85 \u8cc7\u6599\u7de8\u78bc", "bdb
--- \u5075\u932f\u5668\u6846\u67b6", "\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u8cc7\u6599\u670d\u52d9", "binascii
--- \u5728\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u5236\u548c ASCII \u4e4b\u9593\u8f49\u63db", "bisect
--- \u9663\u5217\u4e8c\u5206\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5 (Array bisection algorithm)", "builtins
--- \u5167\u5efa\u7269\u4ef6", "bz2
--- bzip2 \u58d3\u7e2e\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "calendar
--- \u65e5\u66c6\u76f8\u95dc\u51fd\u5f0f", "cgi
--- \u901a\u7528\u9598\u9053\u5668\u4ecb\u9762\u652f\u63f4", "cgitb
--- CGI \u8173\u672c\u7684\u56de\u6eaf (traceback) \u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5f0f", "chunk
--- \u8b80\u53d6 IFF \u5206\u584a\u8cc7\u6599", "cmath
--- \u8907\u6578\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u51fd\u5f0f", "cmd
--- \u4ee5\u5217\u70ba\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u76f4\u8b6f\u5668\u652f\u63f4", "\u6a21\u7d44\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u4ecb\u9762", "code
--- \u76f4\u8b6f\u5668\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "codecs
--- \u7de8\u89e3\u78bc\u5668\u8a3b\u518a\u8868\u548c\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "codeop
--- \u7de8\u8b6f Python \u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc", "collections
--- \u5bb9\u5668\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u614b", "collections.abc
--- \u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "colorsys
--- \u984f\u8272\u7cfb\u7d71\u9593\u7684\u8f49\u63db", "compileall
--- \u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u7de8\u8b6f Python \u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "\u4e26\u884c\u57f7\u884c (Concurrent Execution)", "concurrent
\u5957\u4ef6", "concurrent.futures
--- \u555f\u52d5\u5e73\u884c\u4efb\u52d9", "configparser
--- \u8a2d\u5b9a\u6a94\u5256\u6790\u5668", "\u5167\u5efa\u5e38\u6578", "contextlib
--- Utilities for with
-statement contexts", "contextvars
--- \u60c5\u5883\u8b8a\u6578", "copy
--- \u6dfa\u5c64 (shallow) \u548c\u6df1\u5c64 (deep) \u8907\u88fd\u64cd\u4f5c", "copyreg
--- \u8a3b\u518a pickle
\u652f\u63f4\u51fd\u5f0f", "crypt
--- \u7528\u65bc\u6aa2\u67e5 Unix \u5bc6\u78bc\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f", "\u52a0\u5bc6\u670d\u52d9", "csv
--- CSV \u6a94\u6848\u8b80\u53d6\u53ca\u5beb\u5165", "ctypes
--- \u7528\u65bc Python \u7684\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "curses
--- \u5b57\u5143\u5132\u5b58\u683c\u986f\u793a\u7684\u7d42\u7aef\u8655\u7406", "curses.ascii
--- ASCII \u5b57\u5143\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5f0f", "curses.panel
--- curses \u7684\u9762\u677f\u5806\u758a\u64f4\u5145", "\u81ea\u8a02 Python \u76f4\u8b6f\u5668", "dataclasses
--- Data Classes", "\u8cc7\u6599\u578b\u5225", "datetime
--- \u65e5\u671f\u8207\u6642\u9593\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u578b\u5225", "dbm
--- Unix "databases" \u7684\u4ecb\u9762", "\u9664\u932f\u8207\u6548\u80fd\u5206\u6790", "decimal
--- \u5341\u9032\u4f4d\u56fa\u5b9a\u9ede\u548c\u6d6e\u9ede\u904b\u7b97", "\u958b\u767c\u5de5\u5177", "Python \u958b\u767c\u6a21\u5f0f", "Tkinter \u5c0d\u8a71\u6846", "difflib
--- \u8a08\u7b97\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\u5de5\u5177", "dis
--- Python bytecode \u7684\u53cd\u7d44\u8b6f\u5668", "\u8edf\u9ad4\u5c01\u88dd\u8207\u767c\u5e03", "doctest
--- \u6e2c\u8a66\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f Python \u7bc4\u4f8b", "email
--- \u90f5\u4ef6\u548c MIME \u8655\u7406\u5957\u4ef6", "email.charset
\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u5b57\u5143\u96c6\u5408", "email.message.Message
: Representing an email message using the compat32
API", "email.contentmanager
\uff1a\u7ba1\u7406 MIME \u5167\u5bb9", "email.encoders
\uff1a\u7de8\u78bc\u5668", "email.errors
\uff1a\u4f8b\u5916\u548c\u7f3a\u9677\u985e\u5225", "email
\uff1a\u7bc4\u4f8b", "email.generator
\uff1a\u7522\u751f MIME \u6587\u4ef6", "email.header
\uff1a\u570b\u969b\u5316\u6a19\u982d", "email.headerregistry
\uff1a\u81ea\u8a02\u6a19\u982d\u7269\u4ef6", "email.iterators
\uff1a\u758a\u4ee3\u5668", "email.message
\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u8a0a\u606f", "email.mime
\uff1a\u5f9e\u982d\u958b\u59cb\u5efa\u7acb\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u548c MIME \u7269\u4ef6", "email.parser
\uff1a\u5256\u6790\u96fb\u5b50\u90f5\u4ef6\u8a0a\u606f", "email.policy
: Policy Objects", "email.utils
\uff1a\u96dc\u9805\u5de5\u5177", "ensurepip
--- pip
\u5b89\u88dd\u5668\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5efa\u7f6e (bootstrapping)", "enum
--- \u5c0d\u5217\u8209\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "errno
--- \u6a19\u6e96 errno \u7cfb\u7d71\u7b26\u865f", "\u5167\u5efa\u7684\u4f8b\u5916", "faulthandler
--- \u50be\u5370 Python \u56de\u6eaf", "fcntl
--- fcntl
\u548c ioctl
\u7cfb\u7d71\u547c\u53eb", "filecmp
--- \u6a94\u6848\u8207\u76ee\u9304\u6bd4\u8f03", "\u6a94\u6848\u683c\u5f0f", "fileinput
--- \u9010\u5217\u758a\u4ee3\u591a\u500b\u8f38\u5165\u4e32\u6d41", "\u6a94\u6848\u8207\u76ee\u9304\u5b58\u53d6", "fnmatch
--- Unix \u6a94\u6848\u540d\u7a31\u6a21\u5f0f\u6bd4\u5c0d", "fractions
--- \u6709\u7406\u6578", "\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6846\u67b6", "ftplib
--- FTP \u5354\u5b9a\u7528\u6236\u7aef", "\u51fd\u5f0f\u7de8\u7a0b\u6a21\u7d44", "\u5167\u5efa\u51fd\u5f0f", "functools
--- Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects", "gc
--- \u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u5668\u4ecb\u9762 (Garbage Collector interface)", "getopt
--- \u7528\u65bc\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u9078\u9805\u7684 C \u98a8\u683c\u5256\u6790\u5668", "getpass
--- \u53ef\u651c\u5f0f\u5bc6\u78bc\u8f38\u5165\u5de5\u5177", "gettext
--- \u591a\u8a9e\u8a00\u570b\u969b\u5316\u670d\u52d9", "glob
--- Unix \u98a8\u683c\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u540d\u7a31\u6a21\u5f0f\u64f4\u5c55", "graphlib
\u2014-- \u4f7f\u7528\u985e\u5716 (graph-like) \u7d50\u69cb\u9032\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u529f\u80fd", "grp
--- \u7fa4\u7d44\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab", "gzip
--- gzip \u6a94\u6848\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "hashlib
--- \u5b89\u5168\u96dc\u6e4a\u8207\u8a0a\u606f\u6458\u8981", "heapq
--- \u5806\u7a4d\u4f47\u5217 (heap queue) \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5", "hmac
--- \u57fa\u65bc\u91d1\u9470\u96dc\u6e4a\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u9a57\u8b49", "html
--- \u8d85\u9023\u7d50\u6a19\u8a18\u8a9e\u8a00 (HTML) \u652f\u63f4", "html.entities
--- HTML \u4e00\u822c\u5be6\u9ad4\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9", "html.parser
--- \u7c21\u55ae\u7684 HTML \u548c XHTML \u5256\u6790\u5668", "http
--- HTTP \u6a21\u7d44", "http.client
--- HTTP \u5354\u5b9a\u7528\u6236\u7aef", "http.cookiejar
--- HTTP \u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u7684 Cookie \u8655\u7406", "http.cookies
--- HTTP \u72c0\u614b\u7ba1\u7406", "http.server
\u2014 HTTP \u4f3a\u670d\u5668", "\u570b\u969b\u5316", "IDLE", "imaplib
--- IMAP4 \u5354\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef", "imghdr
--- \u63a8\u6e2c\u5716\u7247\u7a2e\u985e", "importlib
--- import
\u7684\u5be6\u4f5c", "importlib.metadata
-- \u5b58\u53d6\u5957\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u8cc7\u6599", "importlib.resources
-- Package resource reading, opening and access", "importlib.resources.abc
-- \u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "Python \u6a19\u6e96\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab (Standard Library)", "inspect
--- \u6aa2\u8996\u6d3b\u52d5\u7269\u4ef6", "\u7db2\u8def\u5354\u5b9a (Internet protocols) \u53ca\u652f\u63f4", "\u7c21\u4ecb", "io
\u2014 \u8655\u7406\u8cc7\u6599\u4e32\u6d41\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177", "ipaddress
--- IPv4/IPv6 \u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "Networking and Interprocess Communication", "itertools
--- \u5efa\u7acb\u7522\u751f\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u8ff4\u5708\u4e4b\u758a\u4ee3\u5668\u7684\u51fd\u5f0f", "json
--- JSON \u7de8\u78bc\u5668\u8207\u89e3\u78bc\u5668", "keyword
--- \u6aa2\u9a57 Python \u95dc\u9375\u5b57", "Python \u8a9e\u8a00\u670d\u52d9", "linecache
--- \u96a8\u6a5f\u5b58\u53d6\u6587\u5b57\u5217", "locale
--- \u570b\u969b\u5316\u670d\u52d9", "logging
--- Python \u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u8a18\u9304\u5de5\u5177", "logging.config
--- \u65e5\u8a8c\u8a18\u9304\u914d\u7f6e", "logging.handlers
--- \u65e5\u8a8c\u7d00\u9304\u8655\u7406\u5668", "lzma
--- \u4f7f\u7528 LZMA \u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u58d3\u7e2e", "mailbox
--- \u4ee5\u5404\u7a2e\u683c\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u90f5\u4ef6\u4fe1\u7bb1", "mailcap
--- Mailcap \u6a94\u6848\u8655\u7406", "Structured Markup Processing Tools", "marshal
--- \u5185\u90e8 Python \u7269\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u5316", "math
--- \u6578\u5b78\u51fd\u5f0f", "mimetypes
--- \u5c07\u6a94\u6848\u540d\u7a31\u5c0d\u6620\u5230 MIME \u985e\u578b", "\u591a\u5a92\u9ad4\u670d\u52d9", "mmap
--- \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6620\u5c04\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u652f\u63f4", "modulefinder
--- \u641c\u5c0b\u8173\u672c\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u7d44", "\u5f15\u5165\u6a21\u7d44", "msilib
--- \u8b80\u5beb Microsoft Installer \u6a94\u6848", "msvcrt
--- MS VC++ runtime \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6709\u7528\u4f8b\u7a0b", "multiprocessing
--- \u4ee5\u884c\u7a0b\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u6027", "multiprocessing.shared_memory
--- \u5c0d\u65bc\u5171\u4eab\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u8de8\u884c\u7a0b\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6", "\u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406", "netrc
--- netrc \u6a94\u6848\u8655\u7406", "nis
--- Sun NIS (Yellow Pages) \u4ecb\u9762", "nntplib
--- NNTP \u5354\u5b9a\u5ba2\u6236\u7aef", "numbers
--- \u6578\u503c\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u57fa\u5e95\u985e\u5225", "\u6578\u503c\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u6a21\u7d44", "operator
--- \u6a19\u6e96\u904b\u7b97\u5b50\u66ff\u4ee3\u51fd\u5f0f", "optparse
--- \u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u9078\u9805\u5256\u6790\u5668", "os
--- \u5404\u7a2e\u4f5c\u696d\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecb\u9762", "os.path
--- \u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u540d\u64cd\u4f5c", "ossaudiodev
--- \u5c0d OSS \u76f8\u5bb9\u8072\u97f3\u88dd\u7f6e\u7684\u5b58\u53d6", "pathlib
--- \u7269\u4ef6\u5c0e\u5411\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u8def\u5f91", "pdb
--- The Python Debugger", "\u8cc7\u6599\u6301\u4e45\u6027 (Data Persistence)", "pickle
--- Python \u7269\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u5316", "pickletools
--- pickle \u958b\u767c\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u5177", "pipes
--- shell pipelines \u4ecb\u9762", "pkgutil
--- \u5957\u4ef6\u64f4\u5145\u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5f0f", "platform
--- \u5c0d\u5e95\u5c64\u5e73\u81fa\u8b58\u5225\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5b58\u53d6", "plistlib
--- \u7522\u751f\u548c\u5256\u6790 Apple .plist
\u6a94\u6848", "poplib
--- POP3 \u5354\u5b9a\u7528\u6236\u7aef", "posix
--- \u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684 POSIX \u7cfb\u7d71\u547c\u53eb", "pprint
--- \u8cc7\u6599\u7f8e\u5316\u5217\u5370\u5668", "Python \u7684\u5206\u6790\u5668", "pty
--- \u507d\u7d42\u7aef\u5de5\u5177", "pwd
--- \u5bc6\u78bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab", "py_compile
\u2014 \u7de8\u8b6f Python \u4f86\u6e90\u6a94\u6848", "pyclbr
--- Python \u6a21\u7d44\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u652f\u63f4", "pydoc
--- \u6587\u4ef6\u7522\u751f\u5668\u8207\u7dda\u4e0a\u5e6b\u52a9\u7cfb\u7d71", "xml.parsers.expat
--- \u4f7f\u7528 Expat \u9032\u884c\u5feb\u901f XML \u5256\u6790", "Python Runtime \u670d\u52d9", "queue
--- \u540c\u6b65\u4f47\u5217 (synchronized queue) \u985e\u5225", "quopri
--- \u7de8\u78bc\u548c\u89e3\u78bc MIME \u53ef\u5217\u5370\u5b57\u5143\u8cc7\u6599", "random
--- \u751f\u6210\u507d\u96a8\u6a5f\u6578", "re
--- \u6b63\u898f\u8868\u793a\u5f0f (regular expression) \u64cd\u4f5c", "readline
--- GNU readline \u4ecb\u9762", "reprlib
--- repr()
\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u5be6\u4f5c", "resource
--- \u8cc7\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u8cc7\u8a0a", "rlcompleter
--- GNU readline \u7684\u88dc\u5168\u51fd\u5f0f", "runpy
--- \u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e26\u57f7\u884c Python \u6a21\u7d44", "sched
--- \u4e8b\u4ef6\u6392\u7a0b\u5668", "secrets
--- \u7522\u751f\u7528\u65bc\u7ba1\u7406\u6a5f\u5bc6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e82\u6578", "\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805", "select
--- \u7b49\u5f85 I/O \u5b8c\u6210", "selectors
--- \u9ad8\u968e I/O \u591a\u5de5", "shelve
--- Python object persistence", "shlex
--- \u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5206\u6790", "shutil
\u2014 \u9ad8\u968e\u6a94\u6848\u64cd\u4f5c", "signal
--- \u8a2d\u5b9a\u975e\u540c\u6b65\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8655\u7406\u51fd\u5f0f", "site
--- Site-specific configuration hook", "smtplib
--- SMTP \u5354\u5b9a\u7528\u6236\u7aef", "sndhdr
--- \u5224\u5b9a\u8072\u97f3\u6a94\u6848\u7684\u578b\u5225", "socket
--- \u4f4e\u968e\u7db2\u8def\u4ecb\u9762", "socketserver
--- \u7528\u65bc\u7db2\u8def\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u6846\u67b6", "spwd
--- shadow \u5bc6\u78bc\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab", "sqlite3
--- SQLite \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684 DB-API 2.0 \u4ecb\u9762", "ssl
--- socket \u7269\u4ef6\u7684 TLS/SSL \u5305\u88dd\u5668", "stat
--- \u76f4\u8b6f stat()
\u7684\u7d50\u679c", "statistics
--- \u6578\u5b78\u7d71\u8a08\u51fd\u5f0f", "\u5167\u5efa\u578b\u5225", "string
--- \u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c", "stringprep
--- \u7db2\u969b\u7db2\u8def\u5b57\u4e32\u6e96\u5099", "struct
--- \u5c07\u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u76f4\u8b6f\u70ba\u6253\u5305\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u8cc7\u6599", "subprocess
--- \u5b50\u884c\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406", "sunau
--- \u8b80\u5beb Sun AU \u6a94\u6848", "\u5df2\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u6a21\u7d44", "symtable
--- \u5b58\u53d6\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u8868", "sys
--- \u7cfb\u7d71\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u8207\u51fd\u5f0f", "sys.monitoring
--- Execution event monitoring", "The initialization of the sys.path
module search path", "sysconfig
--- \u63d0\u4f9b Python \u8a2d\u5b9a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u5b58\u53d6", "syslog
--- Unix syslog \u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab\u4f8b\u7a0b", "tabnanny
--- \u5075\u6e2c\u4e0d\u826f\u7e2e\u6392", "tarfile
--- \u8b80\u53d6\u8207\u5beb\u5165 tar \u5c01\u5b58\u6a94\u6848", "telnetlib
--- Telnet \u5ba2\u6236\u7aef", "tempfile
--- \u751f\u6210\u81e8\u6642\u6a94\u6848\u548c\u76ee\u9304", "termios
--- POSIX \u98a8\u683c tty \u63a7\u5236", "test
--- Python \u7684\u56de\u6b78\u6e2c\u8a66 (regression tests) \u5957\u4ef6", "\u6587\u672c\u8655\u7406 (Text Processing) \u670d\u52d9", "textwrap
--- \u6587\u5b57\u5305\u88dd\u8207\u586b\u5145", "threading
--- \u57fa\u65bc\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u6027", "time
--- Time access and conversions", "timeit
--- \u6e2c\u91cf\u5c0f\u91cf\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7247\u6bb5\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u9593", "\u4ee5 Tk \u6253\u9020\u5716\u5f62\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762 (Graphical User Interfaces)", "tkinter
--- Tcl/Tk \u7684 Python \u4ecb\u9762", "tkinter.colorchooser
--- \u984f\u8272\u9078\u64c7\u5c0d\u8a71\u6846", "tkinter.dnd
--- \u62d6\u653e\u652f\u63f4", "tkinter.font
--- Tkinter \u5b57\u578b\u5305\u88dd\u5668", "tkinter.messagebox
--- Tkinter \u8a0a\u606f\u63d0\u793a", "tkinter.scrolledtext
--- \u6372\u52d5\u6587\u5b57\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177", "tkinter.tix
--- Tk \u64f4\u5145\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177", "tkinter.ttk
--- Tk \u4e3b\u984c\u5316\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177", "token
--- \u8207 Python \u5256\u6790\u6a39\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e38\u6578", "tokenize
--- Tokenizer for Python source", "tomllib
--- \u5256\u6790 TOML \u6a94\u6848", "trace
--- \u8ffd\u8e64\u6216\u8ffd\u67e5 Python \u9673\u8ff0\u5f0f\u57f7\u884c", "traceback
--- \u5217\u5370\u6216\u53d6\u5f97\u5806\u758a\u56de\u6eaf (stack traceback)", "tracemalloc
--- \u8ffd\u8e64\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u914d\u7f6e", "tty
--- \u7d42\u7aef\u6a5f\u63a7\u5236\u51fd\u5f0f", "turtle
--- \u9f9c\u5716\u5b78 (Turtle graphics)", "types
--- \u52d5\u614b\u578b\u5225\u5efa\u7acb\u8207\u5167\u5efa\u578b\u5225\u540d\u7a31", "typing
--- \u652f\u63f4\u578b\u5225\u63d0\u793a", "unicodedata
--- Unicode \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab", "unittest
--- \u55ae\u5143\u6e2c\u8a66\u6846\u67b6", "unittest.mock
\u2014 mock \u7269\u4ef6\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "unittest.mock
--- \u5165\u9580\u6307\u5357", "Unix \u7279\u6709\u670d\u52d9", "urllib
--- URL \u8655\u7406\u6a21\u7d44", "urllib.error
--- urllib.request \u5f15\u767c\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u985e\u5225", "urllib.parse
--- \u5c07 URL \u5256\u6790\u6210\u5143\u4ef6", "urllib.request
--- \u7528\u4f86\u958b\u555f URLs \u7684\u53ef\u64f4\u5145\u51fd\u5f0f\u5eab", "urllib.robotparser
--- robots.txt \u7684\u5256\u6790\u5668", "xdrlib
--- uuencode \u6a94\u6848\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u8207\u89e3\u78bc", "uuid
--- RFC 4122 \u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684 UUID \u7269\u4ef6", "venv
--- \u5efa\u7acb\u865b\u64ec\u74b0\u5883", "warnings
--- \u8b66\u544a\u63a7\u5236", "wave
--- \u8b80\u5beb WAV \u6a94\u6848", "weakref
--- \u5f31\u53c3\u7167", "webbrowser
--- \u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u63a7\u5236\u5668", "MS Windows \u7279\u6709\u670d\u52d9", "winreg
--- Windows \u8a3b\u518a\u8868\u5b58\u53d6", "winsound
--- Windows \u7684\u8072\u97f3\u64ad\u653e\u4ecb\u9762", "wsgiref
--- WSGI \u5de5\u5177\u8207\u53c3\u8003\u5be6\u4f5c", "xdrlib
--- XDR \u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7de8\u78bc\u8207\u89e3\u78bc", "XML \u8655\u7406\u6a21\u7d44", "xml.dom
--- Document \u7269\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b API", "xml.dom.minidom
--- \u6700\u5c0f\u7684 DOM \u5be6\u4f5c", "xml.dom.pulldom
--- \u652f\u63f4\u5efa\u7f6e\u90e8\u5206 DOM \u6a39", "xml.etree.cElementTree
--- ElementTree XML API", "xml.sax
--- SAX2 \u5256\u6790\u5668\u652f\u63f4", "xml.sax.handler
--- SAX \u8655\u7406\u51fd\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u985e\u5225", "xml.sax.xmlreader
--- XML \u5256\u6790\u5668\u7684\u4ecb\u9762", "xml.sax.saxutils
--- SAX \u5de5\u5177\u7a0b\u5f0f", "xmlrpc
--- XMLRPC \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8207\u7528\u6236\u6a21\u7d44", "xmlrpc.client
--- XML-RPC \u5ba2\u6236\u7aef\u5b58\u53d6", "xmlrpc.server
--- \u57fa\u672c XML-RPC \u4f3a\u670d\u5668", "zipapp
\u2014-- \u7ba1\u7406\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u7684 Python zip \u5c01\u5b58\u6a94\u6848", "zipfile
--- \u8655\u7406 ZIP \u5c01\u5b58\u6a94\u6848", "zipimport
--- \u5f9e Zip \u5c01\u5b58\u6a94\u6848\u532f\u5165\u6a21\u7d44", "zlib
--- \u76f8\u5bb9\u65bc gzip \u7684\u58d3\u7e2e", "zoneinfo
--- IANA \u6642\u5340\u652f\u63f4", "\u6cbf\u9769\u8207\u6388\u6b0a", "8. \u8907\u5408\u9673\u8ff0\u5f0f", "3. \u8cc7\u6599\u6a21\u578b", "4. \u57f7\u884c\u6a21\u578b", "6. \u904b\u7b97\u5f0f", "10. \u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u898f\u683c\u66f8", "5. \u6a21\u7d44\u5f15\u5165\u7cfb\u7d71", "Python \u8a9e\u8a00\u53c3\u8003\u624b\u518a", "1. \u7c21\u4ecb", "2. \u8a5e\u6cd5\u5206\u6790", "7. \u7c21\u55ae\u9673\u8ff0\u5f0f", "9. \u6700\u9ad8\u5c64\u7d1a\u5143\u4ef6", "16. \u9644\u9304", "1. \u6dfa\u5617\u6ecb\u5473", "9. 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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tutorial/appendix.html b/tutorial/appendix.html
index b2523b74eb..f27aa24e4f 100644
--- a/tutorial/appendix.html
+++ b/tutorial/appendix.html
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ -Wdefault # Warn once per call location
-Werror # Convert to exceptions
-Walways # Warn every time
+-Wall # Same as -Walways
-Wmodule # Warn once per calling module
-Wonce # Warn once per Python process
-Wignore # Never warn
@@ -1042,6 +1043,7 @@ 1.1.4. 你不該使用的選項PYTHONWARNINGS=default # Warn once per call location
PYTHONWARNINGS=error # Convert to exceptions
PYTHONWARNINGS=always # Warn every time
+PYTHONWARNINGS=all # Same as PYTHONWARNINGS=always
PYTHONWARNINGS=module # Warn once per calling module
PYTHONWARNINGS=once # Warn once per Python process
PYTHONWARNINGS=ignore # Never warn
@@ -1447,7 +1449,7 @@ 瀏覽
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index e77a368f1f..ada2bcb249 100644
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index 177eb858dc..68d5b83847 100644
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index 3f2e3a2cdd..8c0d45590b 100644
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index c7829b633c..28faeb0e81 100644
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index caac52dd0a..ef3f3809a2 100644
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index 50bd0d2e68..d12aab94c3 100644
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index f6c9904f03..2056eea83d 100644
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index 344e9cd976..a7a1b85471 100644
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index c0cff9e1af..b5793ffce7 100644
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index 4e5fb1a2ef..57ac7988c0 100644
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index 2a1978b788..b7b5b8327a 100644
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index a736c8da2b..2a7ba6fe63 100644
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index a0b92939ba..abd86d59c3 100644
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index d658c591be..87664b110a 100644
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index 1c0b060718..e8802e8e85 100644
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index de6f8424bf..62b75d46c0 100644
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index 037872966d..f6cf7d0902 100644
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index 93174e065d..d957a71811 100644
--- a/whatsnew/changelog.html
+++ b/whatsnew/changelog.html
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ 目錄
- Python next
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ 目錄
- Core and Builtins
- Library
- Documentation
-- Tests
+- Tests
- Windows
- macOS
- IDLE
@@ -109,1042 +110,1042 @@ 目錄
- Python 3.12.3 final
- Python 3.12.2 final
- Python 3.12.1 final
-- Core and Builtins
-- Library
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-- Build
-- Windows
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+- Core and Builtins
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- Python 3.12.0 final
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+- Core and Builtins
+- Library
+- IDLE
+- C API
+- Tests
+- Build
+- Tools/Demos
+- Windows
- Python 3.6.0 alpha 4
- Python 3.6.0 alpha 3
- Python 3.6.0 alpha 2
- Python 3.6.0 alpha 1
- Python 3.5.5 final
- Python 3.5.5 release candidate 1
- Python 3.5.4 final
- Python 3.5.4 release candidate 1
- Python 3.5.3 final
- Python 3.5.3 release candidate 1
- Python 3.5.2 final
- Python 3.5.2 release candidate 1
- Python 3.5.1 final
- Python 3.5.1 release candidate 1
- Python 3.5.0 final
- Python 3.5.0 release candidate 4
- Python 3.5.0 release candidate 3
- Python 3.5.0 release candidate 2
- Python 3.5.0 release candidate 1
- Python 3.5.0 beta 4
- Python 3.5.0 beta 3
- Python 3.5.0 beta 2
- Python 3.5.0 beta 1
- Python 3.5.0 alpha 4
- Python 3.5.0 alpha 3
- Python 3.5.0 alpha 2
- Python 3.5.0 alpha 1
@@ -1284,6 +1285,9 @@ Library
Windows.
gh-120811: Fix possible memory leak in
contextvars.Context.run()
.
+gh-120713: datetime.datetime.strftime()
now 0-pads years with
+less than four digits for the format specifiers %Y
and %G
on
+Linux. Patch by Ben Hsing
gh-120769: Make empty line in pdb
repeats the last command
even when the command is from cmdqueue
.
gh-120732: Fix name
passing to unittest.mock.Mock
@@ -1329,6 +1333,17 @@
Library
logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
. Patch by Craig Robson.
+
+Tests¶
+
+gh-121200: Fix test_expanduser_pwd2()
of test_posixpath
.
+Call getpwnam()
to get pw_dir
, since it can be different than
+getpwall()
pw_dir
. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+gh-121188: When creating the JUnit XML file, regrtest now escapes
+characters which are invalid in XML, such as the chr(27) control character
+used in ANSI escape sequences. Patch by Victor Stinner.
+
+
Build¶
@@ -1539,8 +1554,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
gh-119050: regrtest test runner: Add XML support to the refleak
checker (-R option). Patch by Victor Stinner.
@@ -1594,8 +1609,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.12.3 final¶
Release date: 2024-04-09
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-115398: Allow controlling Expat >=2.6.0 reparse deferral
(CVE-2023-52425) by adding five new methods:
@@ -1616,8 +1631,8 @@ Security¶
multiple threads.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-109120: Added handle of incorrect star expressions, e.g f(3,
*)
. Patch by Grigoryev Semyon
@@ -1658,8 +1673,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-115399: Document CVE-2023-52425 of Expat <2.6.0 under "XML
vulnerabilities".
@@ -1843,8 +1858,8 @@ Documentation
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-117267: Ensure DirEntry.stat().st_ctime
behaves consistently
with os.stat()
during the deprecation period of st_ctime
by
@@ -1911,8 +1926,8 @@
Windows¶
gh-115009: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.45.1.
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-117021: Fix integer overflow in PyLong_AsPid()
on
non-Windows 64-bit platforms.
@@ -1938,15 +1953,15 @@ C API¶
Python 3.12.2 final¶
Release date: 2024-02-06
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-113659: Skip .pth
files with names starting with a dot or
hidden file attribute.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-114887: Changed socket type validation in
create_datagram_endpoint()
to accept all non-stream
@@ -1985,8 +2000,8 @@
Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-114965: Update bundled pip to 24.0
gh-114959: tarfile
no longer ignores errors when trying to
@@ -2161,8 +2176,8 @@
Library¶
or Union.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-110746: Improved markup for valid options/values for methods
ttk.treeview.column and ttk.treeview.heading, and for Layouts.
@@ -2171,8 +2186,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-109991: Update Windows build to use OpenSSL 3.0.13.
gh-111239: Update Windows builds to use zlib v1.3.1.
@@ -2223,8 +2238,8 @@ Windows¶
tagname argument on Windows.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
gh-109991: Update GitHub CI workflows to use OpenSSL 3.0.13 and
multissltests to use 1.1.1w, 3.0.13, 3.1.5, and 3.2.1.
@@ -2284,8 +2299,8 @@ Tools/Demos
Python 3.12.1 final¶
Release date: 2023-12-07
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-112125: Fix None.__ne__(None) returning NotImplemented instead of
False
@@ -2380,8 +2395,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-79325: Fix an infinite recursion error in
tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
cleanup on Windows.
@@ -2596,8 +2611,8 @@ Library¶
arbitrary item size.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-111699: Relocate smtpd
deprecation notice to its own section
rather than under locale
in What's New in Python 3.12 document
@@ -2605,8 +2620,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
gh-112769: The tests now correctly compare zlib version when
zlib.ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION
contains non-integer suffixes. For
@@ -2679,8 +2694,8 @@
Tests¶
test (e.g. test_unittest or test_compileall) that uses that submodule.
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-111856: Fixes fstat()
on file systems that do not
support file ID requests. This includes FAT32 and exFAT.
@@ -2710,8 +2725,8 @@ Windows¶
gh-109286: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.43.1.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-106560: Fix redundant declarations in the public C API. Declare
PyBool_Type and PyLong_Type only once. Patch by Victor Stinner.
@@ -2756,8 +2771,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.12.0 final¶
Release date: 2023-10-02
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-109823: Fix bug where compiler does not adjust labels when
removing an empty basic block which is a jump target.
@@ -2767,34 +2782,34 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-109209: The minimum Sphinx version required for the documentation
is now 4.2.
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-109991: Update Windows build to use OpenSSL 3.0.11.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
gh-109991: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.11.
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
gh-109991: Update GitHub CI workflows to use OpenSSL 3.0.11 and
multissltests to use 1.1.1w, 3.0.11, and 3.1.3.
@@ -2804,8 +2819,8 @@ Tools/Demos
Python 3.12.0 release candidate 3¶
Release date: 2023-09-18
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-109496: On a Python built in debug mode, Py_DECREF()
now calls _Py_NegativeRefcount()
if the object is a dangling pointer
@@ -2844,8 +2859,8 @@
Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-108682: Enum: require names=()
or type=...
to create an
empty enum using the functional syntax.
@@ -2853,15 +2868,15 @@ Library¶
f-strings containing many quote types.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
gh-108740: Fix a race condition in make regen-all
. The
deepfreeze.c
source and files generated by Argument Clinic are now
@@ -2936,8 +2951,8 @@
Build¶
Python 3.12.0 release candidate 2¶
Release date: 2023-09-05
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-108310: Fixed an issue where instances of ssl.SSLSocket
were vulnerable to a bypass of the TLS handshake and included protections
@@ -2950,8 +2965,8 @@
Security¶<
fixed.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-108520: Fix
multiprocessing.synchronize.SemLock.__setstate__()
to properly
@@ -2991,8 +3006,8 @@
Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-108469: ast.unparse()
now supports new f-string
syntax introduced in Python 3.12. Note that the f-string quotes
@@ -3045,15 +3060,15 @@
Library¶
also raise these exceptions in dry_run
mode.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-105052: Update timeit
doc to specify that time in seconds is
just the default.
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-107565: Update Windows build to use OpenSSL 3.0.10.
gh-106242: Fixes realpath()
to behave consistently
@@ -3093,14 +3108,14 @@
Windows¶
in _winapi.LCMapStringEx()
which affects ntpath.normcase()
.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
gh-107565: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.10.
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
gh-107565: Update multissltests and GitHub CI workflows to use
OpenSSL 1.1.1v, 3.0.10, and 3.1.2.
@@ -3108,8 +3123,8 @@ Tools/Demos
generated signature by using directive @text_signature
.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-107916: C API functions PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename()
,
PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename()
and
@@ -3127,8 +3142,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.12.0 release candidate 1¶
Release date: 2023-08-05
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-102988: Reverted the email.utils
security improvement
change released in 3.12beta4 that unintentionally caused
@@ -3138,8 +3153,8 @@
Security¶<
PyLongObject
objects. Patch by Illia Volochii.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-107263: Increase C recursion limit for functions other than the
main interpreter from 800 to 1500. This should allow functions like
@@ -3181,8 +3196,8 @@
Core and Builtinsmmap.find() calls.
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-107077: Seems that in some conditions, OpenSSL will return
SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL
instead of SSL_ERROR_SSL
when a certification
@@ -3234,8 +3249,8 @@
Library¶
form exists. In other words: gettext(msg) == ngettext(msg, '', 1)
.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-107305: Add documentation for PyInterpreterConfig
and
Py_NewInterpreterFromConfig()
. Also clarify some of the nearby
@@ -3248,8 +3263,8 @@
Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-99079: Update Windows build to use OpenSSL 3.0.9
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
gh-99079: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 3.0.9.
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
gh-106970: Fix bugs in the Argument Clinic destination <name>
clear
command; the destination buffers would never be cleared, and the
@@ -3297,8 +3312,8 @@
Tools/Demos
Ijtaba Hussain.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-107226: PyModule_AddObjectRef()
is now only available in
the limited API version 3.10 or later.
@@ -3308,8 +3323,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.12.0 beta 4¶
Release date: 2023-07-11
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-102988: CVE-2023-27043: Prevent email.utils.parseaddr()
and email.utils.getaddresses()
from returning the realname portion
@@ -3318,8 +3333,8 @@
Security¶<
email._parseaddr.AddressList
.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-106396: When the format specification of an f-string expression
is empty, the parser now generates an empty ast.JoinedStr
node
@@ -3340,8 +3355,8 @@
Core and Builtinsgh-101006: Improve error handling when read marshal
data.
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-106232: Make timeit doc command lines compatible with Windows by
using double quotes for arguments. This works on linux and macOS also.
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
gh-101634: When running the Python test suite with -jN
option,
if a worker stdout cannot be decoded from the locale encoding report a
failed testn so the exitcode is non-zero. Patch by Victor Stinner.
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
gh-106359: Argument Clinic now explicitly forbids "kwarg splats" in
function calls used as annotations.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-105227: The new PyType_GetDict()
provides the dictionary
for the given type object that is normally exposed by cls.__dict__
.
@@ -3437,8 +3452,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.12.0 beta 3¶
Release date: 2023-06-19
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-105840: Fix possible crashes when specializing function calls
with too many __defaults__
.
@@ -3481,8 +3496,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
gh-105084: When the Python build is configured
--with-wheel-pkg-dir
, tests requiring the setuptools
and wheel
wheels will search for the wheels in WHEEL_PKG_DIR
.
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-105436: Ensure that an empty environment block is terminated by
two null characters, as is required by Windows.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-105375: Fix a bug in PyErr_WarnExplicit()
where an
exception could end up being overwritten if the API failed internally.
@@ -3573,8 +3588,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.12.0 beta 2¶
Release date: 2023-06-06
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-103142: The version of OpenSSL used in our binary builds has been
upgraded to 1.1.1u to address several CVEs.
@@ -3583,8 +3598,8 @@ Security¶<
platforms is fixed.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-105259: Don't include newline character for trailing NEWLINE
tokens emitted in the tokenize
module. Patch by Pablo Galindo
@@ -3636,8 +3651,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-105280: Fix bug where isinstance([], collections.abc.Mapping)
could evaluate to True
if garbage collection happened at the wrong
@@ -3690,8 +3705,8 @@
Library¶
concurrent.futures.thread._worker()
.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-89455: Add missing documentation for the max_group_depth
and
max_group_width
parameters and the exceptions
attribute of the
@@ -3703,8 +3718,8 @@
Documentationtyping.NamedTuple
.
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-105146: Updated the links at the end of the installer to point to
Discourse rather than the mailing lists.
@@ -3734,21 +3749,21 @@ Windows¶
support Dev Drive, and is absent on non-Windows platforms.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
gh-103142: Update macOS installer to use OpenSSL 1.1.1u.
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
gh-104719: Remove IDLE's modification of tokenize.tabsize and test
other uses of tokenize data and methods.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-105115: PyTypeObject.tp_bases
(and tp_mro
) for builtin
static types are now shared by all interpreters, whereas in 3.12-beta1
@@ -3768,8 +3783,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.12.0 beta 1¶
Release date: 2023-05-22
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-99889: Fixed a security in flaw in uu.decode()
that could
allow for directory traversal based on the input if no out_file
was
@@ -3784,8 +3799,8 @@
Security¶<
by WHATWG in response to CVE-2023-24329. Patch by Illia Volochii.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-102856: Implement PEP 701 changes in the tokenize
module.
Patch by Marta Gómez Macías and Pablo Galindo Salgado
@@ -3954,8 +3969,8 @@ Core and Builtinsconnection_made() in asyncio
.
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-104600: functools.update_wrapper()
now sets the
__type_params__
attribute (added by PEP 695).
@@ -4309,8 +4324,8 @@ Library¶
provided; convert IDN domain names to Punycode. Patch by Michael Handler.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-67056: Document that the effect of registering or unregistering
an atexit
cleanup function from within a registered cleanup
@@ -4326,8 +4341,8 @@
Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-104623: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.42.0.
gh-82814: Fix a potential [Errno 13] Permission denied
when
@@ -4394,8 +4409,8 @@
Windows¶
ntpath.realpath()
with a bytes parameter in some cases.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-101291: Added unstable C API for extracting the value of
"compact" integers: PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact()
and
@@ -4481,8 +4496,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.12.0 alpha 7¶
Release date: 2023-04-04
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-102192: Deprecated _PyErr_ChainExceptions
in favour of
_PyErr_ChainExceptions1
.
@@ -4539,8 +4554,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-103085: Pure python locale.getencoding()
will not warn
deprecation.
@@ -4666,15 +4681,15 @@ Library¶
./a:b
, in pathlib
.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-103112: Add docstring to http.client.HTTPResponse.read()
to
fix pydoc
output.
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-102690: Update webbrowser
to fall back to Microsoft Edge
instead of Internet Explorer.
@@ -4699,14 +4714,14 @@ Windows¶<
faster API when available
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
gh-102809: Misc/gdbinit
was removed.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-102013: Add a new (unstable) C-API function for iterating over
GC'able objects using a callback: PyUnstable_VisitObjects
.
@@ -4716,8 +4731,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.12.0 alpha 6¶
Release date: 2023-03-07
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-99108: Replace builtin hashlib implementations of MD5 and SHA1
with verified ones from the HACL* project.
@@ -4734,8 +4749,8 @@ Security¶
based on a patch by Oleg Iarygin.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-102493: Fix regression in semantics of normalisation in
PyErr_SetObject
.
@@ -4796,8 +4811,8 @@ Core and BuiltinsPy_NewInterpreter().
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-102302: Micro-optimise hashing of inspect.Parameter
,
reducing the time it takes to hash an instance by around 40%.
@@ -4887,8 +4902,8 @@ Library¶<
multiple times.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-85417: Update cmath
documentation to clarify behaviour on
branch cuts.
@@ -4896,8 +4911,8 @@ Documentationfile=None. Patch by Oleg Iarygin.
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-102344: Implement winreg.QueryValue
using QueryValueEx
and winreg.SetValue
using SetValueEx
. Patch by Max Bachmann.
@@ -4944,14 +4959,14 @@ Windows¶<
Windows, by making fewer Win32 API calls.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
gh-101759: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.40.1.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-101907: Removes use of non-standard C++ extension in public
header files.
@@ -4976,8 +4991,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.12.0 alpha 5¶
Release date: 2023-02-07
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-99108: Replace the builtin hashlib
implementations of
SHA2-224 and SHA2-256 originally from LibTomCrypt with formally verified,
@@ -4985,8 +5000,8 @@
Security¶
fallback only used when OpenSSL does not provide them.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-92173: Fix the defs
and kwdefs
arguments to
PyEval_EvalCodeEx()
and a reference leak in that function.
@@ -5036,8 +5051,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-101541: [Enum] - fix psuedo-flag creation
gh-101570: Upgrade pip wheel bundled with ensurepip (pip 23.0)
@@ -5116,23 +5131,23 @@ Library¶<
Patch by Robert Hoelzl.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-88324: Reword subprocess
to emphasize default behavior of
stdin, stdout, and stderr arguments. Remove inaccurate statement
about child file handle inheritance.
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
gh-101334: test_tarfile
has been updated to pass when run as a
high UID.
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-101543: Ensure the install path in the registry is only used when
the standard library hasn't been located in any other way.
@@ -5184,8 +5199,8 @@ Windows¶<
Python 3.12.0 alpha 4¶
Release date: 2023-01-10
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-100776: Fix misleading default value in input()
's
__text_signature__
.
@@ -5269,8 +5284,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-100833: Speed up math.fsum()
by removing defensive
volatile
qualifiers.
@@ -5434,8 +5449,8 @@ Library¶<
cause crashes.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-100616: Document existing attr
parameter to
curses.window.vline()
function in curses
.
@@ -5447,8 +5462,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-100180: Update Windows installer to OpenSSL 1.1.1s
gh-99191: Use _MSVC_LANG >= 202002L
instead of less-precise
@@ -5494,16 +5509,16 @@
Windows¶<
instead of raising OSError
.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
bpo-45256: Fix a bug that caused an AttributeError
to be raised in
python-gdb.py
when py-locals
is used without a frame.
@@ -5511,8 +5526,8 @@ Tools/Demos*args parsing in Argument Clinic.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-99947: Raising SystemError on import will now have its cause be
set to the original unexpected exception.
@@ -5528,8 +5543,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.12.0 alpha 3¶
Release date: 2022-12-06
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-100001: python -m http.server
no longer allows terminal
control characters sent within a garbage request to be printed to the
@@ -5542,8 +5557,8 @@
Security¶
hooks via the gc
module
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-99891: Fix a bug in the tokenizer that could cause infinite
recursion when showing syntax warnings that happen in the first line of
@@ -5596,8 +5611,8 @@
Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-100001: Also escape s in the http.server
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_message so that it is technically possible to
@@ -5698,8 +5713,8 @@
Library¶<
of just bool
and int
for boolean parameters.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-99931: Use sphinxext-opengraph to generate OpenGraph
metadata.
@@ -5714,8 +5729,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-99345: Use faster initialization functions to detect install
location for Windows Store package
@@ -5763,16 +5778,16 @@ Windows¶<
multiprocessing.shared_memory.SharedMemory
on Windows.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
gh-64490: Argument Clinic varargs bugfixes
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-98680: PyBUF_*
constants were marked as part of Limited API
of Python 3.11+. These were available in 3.11.0 with
@@ -5805,8 +5820,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.12.0 alpha 2¶
Release date: 2022-11-14
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-98433: The IDNA codec decoder used on DNS hostnames by
socket
or asyncio
related name resolution functions no
@@ -5826,8 +5841,8 @@
Security¶
gh-98739: Update bundled libexpat to 2.5.0
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-81057: The docs clearly say that PyImport_Inittab
,
PyImport_AppendInittab()
, and PyImport_ExtendInittab()
@@ -5950,8 +5965,8 @@
Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-99418: Fix bug in urllib.parse.urlparse()
that causes URL
schemes that begin with a digit, a plus sign, or a minus sign to be parsed
@@ -6046,8 +6061,8 @@
Library¶<
store_true
action is given an explicit argument.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-98832: Changes wording of docstring for
pathlib.Path.iterdir()
.
@@ -6055,8 +6070,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-98689: Update Windows builds to zlib v1.2.13. v1.2.12 has
CVE-2022-37434, but the vulnerable inflateGetHeader
API is not used
@@ -6118,14 +6133,14 @@
Windows¶<
gh-94328: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.39.4.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
gh-94328: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.39.4.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-98724: The Py_CLEAR
, Py_SETREF
and
Py_XSETREF
macros now only evaluate their argument once. If the
@@ -6162,8 +6177,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.12.0 alpha 1¶
Release date: 2022-10-25
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-97616: Fix multiplying a list by an integer (list *= int
):
detect the integer overflow when the new allocated length is close to the
@@ -6193,8 +6208,8 @@
Security¶
test commands, as if the test failed).
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-98374: Suppress ImportError for invalid query for help() command.
Patch by Donghee Na.
@@ -6655,8 +6670,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-89237: Fix hang on Windows in subprocess.wait_closed()
in
asyncio
with ProactorEventLoop
. Patch by Kumar
@@ -7339,8 +7354,8 @@
Library¶<
tarfile.open()
.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
gh-98360: Fixes multiprocessing
spawning child processes on
Windows from a virtual environment to ensure that child processes that
@@ -7657,8 +7672,8 @@
Windows¶<
bpo-38704: Prevent installation on unsupported Windows versions.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-98393: The PyUnicode_FSDecoder()
function no longer
accepts bytes-like paths, like bytearray
and memoryview
@@ -7846,16 +7861,16 @@
C API¶
Python 3.11.0 beta 1¶
Release date: 2022-05-06
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
gh-57684: Add the -P
command line option and the
PYTHONSAFEPATH
environment variable to not prepend a potentially
unsafe path to sys.path
. Patch by Victor Stinner.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
gh-89519: Chaining classmethod descriptors (introduced in bpo-19072)
is deprecated. It can no longer be used to wrap other descriptors such as
@@ -8005,8 +8020,8 @@
Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
gh-87901: Add the encoding parameter to os.popen()
.
gh-90997: Fix an issue where dis
utilities may interpret
@@ -8278,8 +8293,8 @@
Library¶<
operations on blobs. Patch by Aviv Palivoda and Erlend E. Aasland.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
gh-91888: Add a new gh
role to the documentation to link to
GitHub issues.
@@ -8307,8 +8322,8 @@ Documentationrunpy.run_path()
. Original patch by Andrew Brezovsky.
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
bpo-46907: Update Windows installer to use SQLite 3.38.3.
bpo-47239: Fixed --list and --list-paths output for Python Launcher for Windows when
@@ -8361,14 +8376,14 @@
Windows¶<
bpo-40859: Update Windows build to use xz-5.2.5
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
bpo-46907: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.38.4.
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
gh-91583: Fix regression in the code generated by Argument Clinic
for functions with the defining_class
parameter.
@@ -8379,8 +8394,8 @@ Tools/Demoshttps://gitlab.com/warsaw/pynche
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
gh-88279: Deprecate the C functions: PySys_SetArgv()
,
PySys_SetArgvEx()
, PySys_SetPath()
. Patch by Victor
@@ -8422,8 +8437,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.11.0 alpha 7¶
Release date: 2022-04-05
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-47212: Raise IndentationError
instead of SyntaxError
for
a bare except
with no following indent. Improve SyntaxError
@@ -8510,8 +8525,8 @@
Core and Builtinsbpo-43224: Make grammar changes required for PEP 646.
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-47208: Allow vendors to override CTYPES_MAX_ARGCOUNT
.
bpo-23689: re
module: fix memory leak when a match is terminated by
@@ -8735,8 +8750,8 @@
Library¶<
cases, capturing group gets an incorrect string. Patch by Ma Lin.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
bpo-40280: Add configure option --enable-wasm-dynamic-linking
to
enable dlopen
and MAIN_MODULE / SIDE_MODULE on wasm32-emscripten
.
@@ -8800,8 +8815,8 @@ Build¶sqlite3
extension module are found.
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
bpo-47194: Update zlib
to v1.2.12 to resolve CVE-2018-25032.
bpo-47171: Enables installing the py.exe
launcher on Windows
@@ -8821,8 +8836,8 @@
Windows¶<
the Windows installer uses the correct path when being repaired.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
bpo-40280: Replace Emscripten's limited shell with Katie Bell's browser-ui
REPL from python-wasm project.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-40421: Add PyFrame_GetBuiltins
, PyFrame_GetGenerator
and
PyFrame_GetGlobals
C-API functions to access frame object attributes
@@ -8884,8 +8899,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.11.0 alpha 6¶
Release date: 2022-03-07
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-46940: Avoid overriding AttributeError
metadata information for
nested attribute access calls. Patch by Pablo Galindo.
@@ -8995,8 +9010,8 @@ Core and BuiltinsPyLong_FromLongLong()
.
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-25707: Fixed a file leak in xml.etree.ElementTree.iterparse()
when the iterator is not exhausted. Patch by Jacob Walls.
@@ -9125,15 +9140,15 @@ Library¶<
when argument is '-'. Patch contributed by Josh Rosenberg
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
bpo-42238: Doc/tools/rstlint.py
has moved to its own repository and is
now packaged on PyPI as sphinx-lint
.
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
bpo-46744: The default all users install directory for ARM64 is now under
the native Program Files
folder, rather than Program Files (Arm)
@@ -9190,8 +9205,8 @@
Windows¶<
applications).
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-46624: Restore support for non-integer arguments of
random.randrange()
and random.randint()
.
@@ -9399,15 +9414,15 @@ Library¶<
concatenated lists of arguments.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
bpo-46463: Fixes escape4chm.py
script used when building the CHM
documentation file
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
bpo-45925: Update macOS installer to SQLite 3.37.2.
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-40170: Remove the PyHeapType_GET_MEMBERS()
macro. It was exposed
in the public C API by mistake, it must only be used by Python internally.
@@ -9522,8 +9537,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.11.0 alpha 4¶
Release date: 2022-01-13
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-46070: Py_EndInterpreter()
now explicitly untracks all objects
currently tracked by the GC. Previously, if an object was used later by
@@ -9630,8 +9645,8 @@
Core and BuiltinsPY_VERSION_HEX
. Patch by Gabriele N. Tornetta.
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-46342: The @typing.final
decorator now sets the __final__
attribute on the decorated object to allow runtime introspection. Patch by
@@ -9744,8 +9759,8 @@
Library¶<
names as deprecated aliases.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
bpo-46196: Document method cmd.Cmd.columnize()
.
bpo-46120: State that |
is preferred for readability over Union
in
@@ -9755,8 +9770,8 @@
Documentationbpo-19737: Update the documentation for the globals()
function.
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
bpo-44133: When Python is configured with
--without-static-libpython
, the Python static library
@@ -9813,22 +9828,22 @@
Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
bpo-46217: Removed parameter that is unsupported on Windows 8.1 and early
Windows 10 and may have caused build or runtime failures.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
bpo-40477: The Python Launcher app for macOS now properly launches scripts
and, if necessary, the Terminal app when running on recent macOS releases.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-46236: Fix a bug in PyFunction_GetAnnotations()
that caused it
to return a tuple
instead of a dict
.
@@ -9854,8 +9869,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.11.0 alpha 3¶
Release date: 2021-12-08
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-46009: Restore behavior from 3.9 and earlier when sending non-None to
newly started generator. In 3.9 this did not affect the state of the
@@ -9950,8 +9965,8 @@
Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-27946: Fix possible crash when getting an attribute of
xml.etree.ElementTree.Element
simultaneously with replacing the
@@ -10048,8 +10063,8 @@
Library¶<
Weipeng Hong.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
bpo-46105: Fixed calculation of sys.path
in a venv on Windows.
bpo-45901: When installed through the Microsoft Store and set as the
@@ -10209,14 +10224,14 @@
Windows¶<
every Python process.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
bpo-45732: Update python.org macOS installer to use Tcl/Tk 8.6.12.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-39026: Fix Python.h to build C extensions with Xcode: remove a
relative include from Include/cpython/pystate.h
.
@@ -10226,8 +10241,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.11.0 alpha 2¶
Release date: 2021-11-05
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-45716: Improve the SyntaxError
message when using True
,
None
or False
as keywords in a function call. Patch by Pablo
@@ -10312,8 +10327,8 @@
Core and Builtinsvectorcall calling convention. Patch by Donghee Na.
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-45679: Fix caching of multi-value typing.Literal
.
Literal[True, 2]
is no longer equal to Literal[1, 2]
.
@@ -10440,8 +10455,8 @@ Library¶<
Patch contributed by Robert Kuska.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
bpo-45726: Improve documentation for functools.singledispatch()
and
functools.singledispatchmethod
.
@@ -10466,8 +10481,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
bpo-45678: Add tests for scenarios in which
functools.singledispatchmethod
is stacked on top of a method that
@@ -10504,8 +10519,8 @@
Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
bpo-43652: Update Tcl/Tk to 8.6.11, actually this time. The previous
update incorrectly included 8.6.10.
@@ -10559,22 +10574,22 @@ Windows¶<
Erlend E. Aasland.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
bpo-44828: Avoid tkinter file dialog failure on macOS 12 Monterey when
using the Tk 8.6.11 provided by python.org macOS installers. Patch by Marc
Culler of the Tk project.
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
bpo-45495: Add context keywords 'case' and 'match' to completions list.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-29103: PyType_FromSpec*
now
copies the class name from the spec to a buffer owned by the class, so the
@@ -10645,8 +10660,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.11.0 alpha 1¶
Release date: 2021-10-05
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
bpo-42278: Replaced usage of tempfile.mktemp()
with
TemporaryDirectory
to avoid a potential race condition.
@@ -10668,8 +10683,8 @@ Security¶
headers after a 100 Continue
status response from the server.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-43760: The number of hardware branches per instruction dispatch is
reduced from two to one by adding a special instruction for tracing. Patch
@@ -11064,8 +11079,8 @@
Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-45371: Fix clang rpath issue in distutils
. The UnixCCompiler now
uses correct clang option to add a runtime library directory (rpath) to a
@@ -11679,8 +11694,8 @@
Library¶<
not receive arguments. Patch by Anthony Sottile.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
bpo-45216: Remove extra documentation listing methods in difflib
. It
was rendering twice in pydoc and was outdated in some places.
@@ -11775,8 +11790,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
bpo-40173: Fix test.support.import_helper.import_fresh_module()
.
bpo-45280: Add a test case for empty typing.NamedTuple
.
@@ -11864,8 +11879,8 @@ Tests¶AutoProxy[Queue] inside ListProxy
and DictProxy
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
bpo-45375: Fixes an assertion failure due to searching for the standard
library in unnormalised paths.
@@ -11921,8 +11936,8 @@ Windows¶<
off-by-one assertion problem. The assert was not correct.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-41710: The PyThread_acquire_lock_timed() function now clamps the
timeout if it is too large, rather than aborting the process. Patch by
@@ -12094,8 +12109,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.10.0 beta 1¶
Release date: 2021-05-03
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
bpo-43434: Creating sqlite3.Connection
objects now also produces
sqlite3.connect
and sqlite3.connect/handle
auditing events. Previously these events were only produced by
@@ -12140,8 +12155,8 @@
Security¶
bpo-37363: Add audit events to the http.client
module.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-43977: Prevent classes being both a sequence and a mapping when
pattern matching.
@@ -12239,8 +12254,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-44015: In @dataclass(), raise a TypeError if KW_ONLY is specified more
than once.
@@ -12492,8 +12507,8 @@ Library¶<
ValueError
to be raised. Patch by Zackery Spytz.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
bpo-43987: Add "Annotations Best Practices" document as a new HOWTO.
bpo-43977: Document the new Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING
and
@@ -12510,8 +12525,8 @@
Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
bpo-43961: Fix test_logging.test_namer_rotator_inheritance() on Windows:
use os.replace()
rather than os.rename()
. Patch by Victor
@@ -12530,8 +12545,8 @@
Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
bpo-35306: Adds additional arguments to os.startfile()
function.
bpo-43538: Avoid raising errors from pathlib.Path.exists()
when
@@ -12562,8 +12577,8 @@
Windows¶<
redirection. Patch by Segev Finer.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-43916: Add a new Py_TPFLAGS_DISALLOW_INSTANTIATION
type
flag to disallow creating type instances. Patch by Victor Stinner.
@@ -12642,8 +12657,8 @@ C API¶
Python 3.10.0 alpha 7¶
Release date: 2021-04-05
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
bpo-42988: CVE-2021-3426: Remove the getfile
feature of the
pydoc
module which could be abused to read arbitrary files on the
@@ -12663,8 +12678,8 @@
Security¶
Galindo.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-27129: Update CPython bytecode magic number.
bpo-43672: Raise ImportWarning when calling find_loader().
@@ -12732,8 +12747,8 @@ Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-43720: Document various stdlib deprecations in imp, pkgutil, and
importlib.util for removal in Python 3.12.
@@ -12854,8 +12869,8 @@ Library¶<
(@jab), Daniel Pope (@lordmauve), and Justin Wang (@justin39).
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
bpo-43199: Answer "Why is there no goto?" in the Design and History FAQ.
bpo-43407: Clarified that a result from time.monotonic()
,
@@ -12867,8 +12882,8 @@
Documentationbpo-41933: Clarified wording of s * n in the Common Sequence Operations
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
bpo-42225: Document that IDLE can fail on Unix either from misconfigured
IP masquerade rules or failure displaying complex colored (non-ascii)
characters.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-43688: The limited C API is now supported if Python is built in debug
mode (if the Py_DEBUG
macro is defined). In the limited C API, the
@@ -12988,16 +13003,16 @@
C API¶
Python 3.10.0 alpha 6¶
Release date: 2021-03-01
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
bpo-42967: Fix web cache poisoning vulnerability by defaulting the query
args separator to &
, and allowing the user to choose a custom
separator.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-43321: Fix SystemError
raised when PyArg_Parse*()
is used with
#
but without PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
defined.
@@ -13049,8 +13064,8 @@ Core and Builtinsobject.__rpow__()
as expected.
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-43316: The python -m gzip
command line application now properly
fails when detecting an unsupported extension. It exits with a non-zero
@@ -13099,8 +13114,8 @@
Library¶<
first item of packed bitfields is now shrank correctly.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
-
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
bpo-43288: Fix test_importlib to correctly skip Unicode file tests if the
filesystem does not support them.
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
bpo-43155: PyCMethod_New()
is now present in python3.lib
.
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
bpo-41837: Update macOS installer build to use OpenSSL 1.1.1j.
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
bpo-43283: Document why printing to IDLE's Shell is often slower than
printing to a system terminal and that it can be made faster by
pre-formatting a single string before printing.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-43278: Always put compiler and system information on the first line of
the REPL welcome message.
@@ -13189,15 +13204,15 @@ C API¶
Python 3.10.0 alpha 5¶
Release date: 2021-02-02
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
bpo-42938: Avoid static buffers when computing the repr of
ctypes.c_double
and ctypes.c_longdouble
values.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
bpo-40304: Fix doc for type(name, bases, dict). Patch by Boris
Verkhovskiy and Éric Araujo.
@@ -13330,8 +13345,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-Windows¶
+
+Windows¶
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
bpo-42504: Ensure that the value of
sysconfig.get_config_var('MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET') is always a string,
even in when the value is parsable as an integer.
-
-IDLE¶
+
+IDLE¶
bpo-43008: Make IDLE invoke sys.excepthook()
in normal, 2-process
mode. Patch by Ken Hilton.
@@ -13390,8 +13405,8 @@ IDLE¶
work; add docstrings and tests with 100% coverage.
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-42979: When Python is built in debug mode (with C assertions), calling
a type slot like sq_length
(__len__()
in Python) now fails with a
@@ -13406,8 +13421,8 @@
C API¶
Python 3.10.0 alpha 4¶
Release date: 2021-01-04
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-42814: Fix undefined behavior in Objects/genericaliasobject.c
.
bpo-42806: Fix the column offsets for f-strings ast
nodes
@@ -13462,8 +13477,8 @@
Core and Builtins
-Library¶
+
+Library¶
bpo-42257: Handle empty string in variable executable in
platform.libc_ver()
@@ -13601,8 +13616,8 @@ Library¶<
b85encode()
in base64
. Patch by Brandon Stansbury.
-
-Documentation¶
+
+Documentation¶
bpo-17140: Add documentation for the
multiprocessing.pool.ThreadPool
class.
@@ -13610,8 +13625,8 @@ Documentation
-Tests¶
+
+Tests¶
-
-Build¶
+
+Build¶
-
-macOS¶
+
+macOS¶
-
-Tools/Demos¶
+
+Tools/Demos¶
bpo-42726: Fixed Python 3 compatibility issue with gdb/libpython.py
handling of attribute dictionaries.
@@ -13663,8 +13678,8 @@ Tools/Demos
-
-C API¶
+
+C API¶
bpo-42591: Export the Py_FrozenMain()
function: fix a Python 3.9.0
regression. Python 3.9 uses -fvisibility=hidden
and the function was
@@ -13684,16 +13699,16 @@
C API¶
Python 3.10.0 alpha 3¶
Release date: 2020-12-07
-
-Security¶
+
+Security¶
bpo-40791: Add volatile
to the accumulator variable in
hmac.compare_digest
, making constant-time-defeating optimizations less
likely.
-
-Core and Builtins¶
+
+Core and Builtins¶
bpo-42576: types.GenericAlias
will now raise a TypeError
when
attempting to initialize with a keyword argument. Previously, this would
@@ -13767,8 +13782,8 @@
Core and Builtinsload_module().
-
-Library¶
+
+Library¶