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Programming in Java - advanced techniques

Wrocław University of Science and Technology

Computer Science, Faculty of Electronics, 6 semester

Radosław Lis, 241385

Table of Contents

General info

Applications made for university course Programming in Java - advanced techniques.

cw1 - Sorting algorithms
cw2 - Desktop sorting application using sorting methods from cw1
cw3 - Console application for JVM research (different heap size, reference types) using ReflectionAPI
cw4 - Custom JavaBean component with all property types
cw5 - RMI application - clients who want to sort their data by available sorting servers
cw6 - Desktop application for managing bike trips. Using JDBC, MySQL and JAXB
cw7 - Simulation of ring network by using SOAP technology and TCP/IP Sockets
cw8 - Java Security app - policytool, Cipher, digital signature etc.
cw9 - Desktop application deployed by using JavaWS, JNLP and Apache Tomcat for playing in 5,5,4-game
cw10 - Minimax algorithm with alpha-beta prunings in 5,5,4-game using Javascript (Nashorn) and C++ (JNI)
cw11 - Little transformation of cw3 with Spring Beans and JMX

Prerequisites

Applications info

cw1

Tech stack and tools

  • Java

Description

Application provides an interface for sort list of IElement objects (FloatElement or IntElement) consisting of key and value. Currently available algorithms:

  • Quick Sort,
  • Counting Sort,
  • Pigeonhole Sort,
  • Insert Sort.

You can simple add some algorithm by using the current convention (inheritance from AbstractSorter abstract class).

Running

Create a list in Test.java and run by choose one of algorithm to sort it.

cw2

Tech stack and tools

Description

Desktop, internationalized JavaFX application using algorithms from cw1 for sorting lists. You can load data from a file (rules in Menu bar), add manually or generate using random methods. Depending on the region there are showed other decimal separators (e.g. ',' in Poland or '.' in USA), other format of current dates and obviously other strings by using Resource Bundles. You can choose:

  • Poland (by default),
  • USA,
  • England,
  • France,
  • Germany,
  • Japan.

Application shows current number of elements and by using Choice Format class supports the right declension of words in all language versions. There is also a great feature for saving sorted lists to .txt files in a format readen by the app.

Running

  1. Use cw2. jar file and in command line (xyz is your path to javafx-sdk):
java -jar --module-path xyz\javafx-sdk-11.0.2\lib --add-modules=javafx.controls,javafx.fxml cw2.jar
  1. Import all files into the project and configure build path

Screenshot

cw3

Tech stack and tools

Running

$ git clone https://github.com/radosz99/Programming-in-Java-Advanced-Techniques.git
$ cd Programming-in-Java-Advanced-Techniques
$ cd cw3
$ mvn install
$ cd target
$ java *A* *B* -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar cw3-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar *C* *D* *E* *F* *H*

VM options (not required)

  • A = minimum heap size for JVM in megabytes, e.g. -Xms128m,
  • B = maximum heap size for JVM in megabytes, e.g. -Xmx256m,

Arguments (required):

  • C = number of seeds (lists to sort), e.g. 500,
  • D = number of elements in seed, e.g. 8000,
  • E = number of sorting threads, e.g. 16,
  • F = type of reference to store a key (seed) in the map - cache - SOFT, HARD or WEAK,
  • H = type of reference to store a value (dataset) in the map - cache - SOFT, HARD or WEAK.

Description

Console, multi-threaded application for testing JVM (Java Virtual Machine) capabilities. Synchronized threads try to sort (with algorithms from cw1) selected (random generated) datasets identified by a seed. Appropriate classes with sorting methods are dynamically loaded during the program execution from cw1.jar by using ClassLoader and reflection mechanism. Sorted datasets are putting in cache (ReferenceMap) by using chosen references - WEAK, SOFT or HARD, depending on which Garbage Collector may delete dataset from memory. By setting another parameters (mainly B - maximum heap size for JVM) many behaviours can be observed - such as segmentation faults (OutOfMemoryError) if references are HARD or nearly 100% misses if the maximum size is low and references are WEAK, and finally, smooth, continuous running by using SOFT references. Application generates every 3 seconds raport which gives information about cache misses and overall sorted datasets compared to stored datasets in the cache at this moment.

By the following call you set maximum JVM memory to 256 megabytes and run 16 threads that are trying to sort 500 seeds with 8000 elements each and put it to the cache. Seed reference is WEAK and dataset references are SOFT. Below - in the console output - it can be observed that declared references provides constant number of datasets stored in the cache, despite the continuous sorts performed by the threads:

$ java -Xms128m -Xmx256m -Djava.awt.headless=true -jar cw3-1.0-SNAPSHOT-jar-with-dependencies.jar 500 8000 16 WEAK HARD

cw4

Tech stack and tools

Description

JavaBean with three types of properties:

  • Simple Property - BeanString
  • Bound Property - BeanValue
  • Constrained Property - BeanFont

Running

Add MyBean.jar from cw4/Bean to cw4/BeanUsageExample build path and have fun with such a great technology as Java Beans are!

You can change bean properties by modifying Bean, BeanInfo and Controller in cw4/bean/... and then:

$ javac Bean.java BeanInfo.java Controller.java
$ jar cf MyBean.jar Bean.class BeanInfo.class Controller.class

Originally made in Eclipse IDE. Each update of the bean properties implies the need to refresh the project.

Screenshot

Exemplary screenshot with stack trace of an error caused of an attempt to change beanFont property to a blacklisted font (fell on poor Cambria). That property is constrained and when it is about to change, the listeners are consulted about the change and they say that Cambria is not suitable:

cw5

Tech stack and tools

Description

Application simulates process of running distributed applications by using RMI.

Client applications (ClientApplication.java) allow you to generate random data and sort them using a server (ServerApplication.java) selected from the server list obtained thanks to the Central (CentralApplication.java).

Running

To test distributed applications:

  1. Configure VM arguments as it is described here in 3rd point
  2. Run exactly once cw5/src/rmi/CentralApplication.java - it is the Central (list of servers)
  3. Run cw5/src/rmi/ClientApplication.java as many as you want - it is the Client
  4. Choose algorithm and run cw5/src/rmi/ServerApplication.java as many as you want - it is the Server
  5. Generate data, sort it by using one of registered servers, whatever you want to do

The order in which clients and servers are started doesn't matter. If you want to run more than one instance of Client or Server you must choose Allow parallel run in Edit Configurations in IntelliJ.

Screenshot

cw6

Tech stack and tools

Description

Basic JDBC desktop application in JavaFX for managing bike trips. By using JAXB it allows serializing and unserializing object to write it in XML files.

Running

Create MySQL database and run script from cw6/skrypt.txt for some data to test the application.

Screenshot

cw7

Tech stack and tools

Description

Application simulates working of ring network topology. There is a finite number of working applications that can send and receive messages from others running aplications.
Ring topology works at follows:

A -> B -> C -> D -> A

Messages are sending by SOAP and can be send as Unicast or Broadcast.

Running

Choose Allow parallel run in Edit Configurations in IntelliJ and run as many apps as you want. To close the ring you must click Zamknij pierścień button in ultimately last application.

Screenshot

cw8

Tech stack and tools

Description

Fun (XD) with Java Security.

Generating keys for encryption

$ openssl genrsa -out keypair.pem 2048
$ openssl rsa -in keypair.pem -outform DER -pubout -out public.der
$ openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in keypair.pem -outform DER -out private.der

Jar signing

$ keytool -genkey -alias signJar -keystore my-store
$ jarsigner -keystore my-store -signedjar cw1signed.jar cw1.jar signJar

Creating policy

By using policytool add grants and save it in mypolicy file.

grant {
  permission java.lang.RuntimePermission "createClassLoader";
};

grant {
  permission java.io.FilePermission "<<ALL FILES>>", "write";
};

grant {
  permission java.io.FilePermission "<<ALL FILES>>", "read";
};

Other stuff

  • Exporting public key - keytool -export -keystore my-store -alias signJar -file PublicKey.cer
  • Importing public key - keytool -import -alias foreign -file PublicKey.cer -keystore receiver-store
  • Displaying certificate - keytool -printcert -file PublicKey.cer
  • Displaying key from store - keytool -list -keystore my-store -alias signJar
  • Verifying jar - jarsigner -verify cw1signed.jar

Running

In project main folder (create keys in TARGET folder) before running it):

$ mvn install
$ cd target
$ java -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=mypolicy -jar cw8-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

Screenshot

cw9

Tech stack and tools

Description

Application as a foundation for cw10.
Currently in cw9 folder we have cw10. To see cw9 you must go back to commit b186556.

5,5,4-game in JavaFX. You can play with computer (random algorithm) or with other person on the same app (left and right clicks).

Running

In project main folder:

$ mvn install 
$ cd target
$ keytool -genkey -alias signJar -keystore my-store (once)
$ jarsigner -keystore my-store -signedjar game.jar game-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar signJar

Then move game.jar and Game.jnlp to C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 9.0\webapps\ROOT and:

$ cd C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 9.0\bin
$ startup
$ javaws http://localhost:8080/Game.jnlp

Screenshot

cw10

Tech stack and tools

Description

Currently all files are in cw9/ folder.

5,5,4-game in JavaFX using Javascript Script Engine and JNI. You (X) play with AI (O).

Running

Build JNI library in resources folder by typing:

$ ./build_library.sh

Then open project in IntelliJ, import JavaFX libs and in Edit configurations in VM options type (xyz are appriopriate system paths):

$ -Djava.library.path=...xyz/resources/ --module-path "...xyz/javafx-sdk-11.0.2/lib" --add-modules=javafx.controls,javafx.fxml

Then simply run Main.java.

Screenshot

cw11

Tech stack and tools

Description

Idea of the application is the same as in cw3, algorithms are loaded using Reflection API, but the app is configured as MBean by using Spring annotations and attributes of this bean (cache size and number of sorting threads) can be dynamically changed during the runtime in e.g. jconsole tool.

Running

Simply open project in IDE (e.g. IntelliJ) and run main function in main/java/pl/advanced/Main.java. Then open terminal, type jconsole and connect with the running process:

Then go to the MBeans section, expand cw11 and test Bean methods by setting size (1=<) of cache (amount of stored keys with datasets) and number (0=<) of sorting threads.

You can observe flow of the application in the console logs:

Thread no 0, seed no 167, QuickSort algorithm, execution time is 1 ms
Thread no 4, seed no 311, QuickSort algorithm, execution time is 2 ms
Thread no 3, seed no 364, InsertSort algorithm, execution time is 139 ms
Thread no 5, seed no 110, CountingSort algorithm, execution time is 77 ms
Thread no 9, seed no 238, QuickSort algorithm, execution time is 1 ms
Thread no 8, seed no 487, CountingSort algorithm, execution time is 69 ms
Thread no 6, seed no 93, CountingSort algorithm, execution time is 71 ms
Thread no 3, seed no 102, PigeonHoleSort algorithm, execution time is 379 us

Eclipse configurations

JavaFX

  1. Go Window -> Preferences -> Java -> Build Path -> User Libraries -> New and write JAVAFX_11. Then left click on JAVAFX_11, click Add External JARs... and add all JARs from ...\javafx-sdk-11.0.2\lib.
  2. Right click on the project and go Build Path -> Configure Build Path -> Add Library -> User Library -> Next and choose JAVAFX_11.
  3. Go Run -> Run Configurations -> Arguments and in VM arguments field write:
--module-path "xyz\javafx-sdk-11.0.2\lib" --add-modules=javafx.controls,javafx.fxml

(xyz to your path to javafx-sdk). Then Apply -> Close.

e(fx)clipse

  1. Go Help -> Install New Software, click Add and in Location field paste
https://download.eclipse.org/efxclipse/runtime-nightly/site/
  1. Go Help -> Install New Software, click Add and in Location field paste
https://download.eclipse.org/efxclipse/updates-nightly/site/
  1. Restart IDE

Scene Builder

  1. Go to Gluon site and in section Download Scene Builder for Java 11 download version for your OS.
  2. Go Window -> Preferences -> JavaFX and in SceneBuilder executable field click browse and find your .exe file (...\SceneBuilder\SceneBuilder.exe) and in *JavaFX 11+ SDK field click browse and find your sdk folder (...\javafx-sdk-11.0.2)

UTF-8 Encoding

  1. Go Window -> Preferences -> General -> Workspace -> and in Text file encoding field choose Other -> UTF-8.

Common errors

If any of this:

Exception in thread "WindowsNativeRunloopThread" java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: 
Exception in thread "JavaFX Application Thread" java.lang.NullPointerException

In the enviroment variable JAVA_HOME set the folder on Java 11 JDK (C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-11.0.6).

If any of this:

java.lang.IllegalAccessError: class com.sun.javafx.fxml.FXMLLoaderHelper (in unnamed module @0x552f46e4) cannot access class com.sun.javafx.util.Utils (in module javafx.graphics) because module javafx.graphics does not export com.sun.javafx.util to unnamed module

Error: JavaFX runtime components are missing, and are required to run this application

Configure VM argument as it is described here in 3rd point.