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OOPS Concepts

  • Object-oriented is the core of Java programming. There are multiple programming paradigms and are classified based on the way code and data are handled.

  • Two important paradigms of programming are

    • Process-oriented model:

      • The Process oriented model can be understood as the code written on data.
      • In this model a program could be understood as a series of linear steps.
      • Procedural Programming languages like C follows this approach. It is difficult to manage the code as the programs grow complex in this approach.

    • Object-oriented model:

      • The Object-oriented model can be understood as programming done around data(objects) and interfaces defined to access the data.
      • This can be considered as data controls access to code.
      • Bundling code into individual software objects provide lot of benefits like below.
        • Modularity
        • Information-hiding
        • Code re-use
        • Pluggability and debugging ease

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Key Concepts of OOPS

Below are the key concepts of Object Oriented Programing

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  • Object:

    • An object is a software bundle of related state and behavior.

    • Object is a self-contained component which consists of methods and properties to make a particular type of data useful.

    • An object contains an address and takes up some space in memory.

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  • Class:

    • A Class is the blueprint for creating objects.
    • Class does not consume any space.

  • Inheritence:

    • Object-oriented programming allows classes to inherit state and behavior from other classes. This will it help with reusability of code .

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  • Polymorphism:

    • The word poly means many and morphs means forms, So it means many forms.

    • Polymorphism allows us to perform a single action in different ways depending on the calling object.

    • There two different ways we can be achieve polymorphism using

      • Method Overloading:
        • When there are multiple functions with same name but different parameters then these functions are said to be overloaded.
        • This type of implement is called as Compile time Polymorphism.
      • Method Overriding:
        • It is a feature that allows a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its super-classes or parent classes.
        • This type of implement is called as Runtime Polymorphism.

  • Abstraction:

    • This is a process of hiding the implementation details from the user. In Java, abstraction is achieved using abstract classes and interfaces.
    • This feature is used to hide design details.

  • Encapsulation:

    • This is a process of binding/wrapping code and data together into a single unit.
    • In encapsulation, a variables of a class will be hidden from other classes and can be accessed only through the methods of their current class.
    • This feature is used to hide implementation details.