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<!doctype html>
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<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>WARC Files and Beyond: Web Archiving Data and Tools</title>
<meta name="description" content="WARC Files and Beyond: Web Archiving Data and Tools">
<meta name="author" content="Ilya Kreymer">
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<div class="reveal">
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h3>WARC Files and Beyond</h3>
<h4>Web Archive Data and Tools</h4>
<h4>csv,conf,v4</h4>
<p style="margin-top: 100px">Ilya Kreymer, Webrecorder Lead Developer</p>
<p>@IlyaKreymer @webrecorder_io</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>About me</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Working on Open Source Web Archiving Tools for 8 years</li>
<li class="fragment">Worked on Internet Archive Wayback Machine</li>
<li class="fragment">Created Webrecorder Project in 2015</li>
<li class="fragment">Leading Development on Webrecorder at Rhizome.org, a digital arts non-profit</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What is Web Archiving?</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Capturing, Storing, Providing Access to Web Content</li>
<br/>
<li class="fragment">Not Scraping, Extraction</li>
<li class="fragment">Not Saving Urls</li>
<li class="fragment">Web == HTTP</li>
<li class="fragment">Capture HTTP Request and Response Traffic</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Web archiving != Archiving the entire web</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Web archives can be small</li>
<li class="fragment">Web archives can contain bounded objects</li>
<li class="fragment">Can focus on quality over quantity</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="why">
<h3>Why Web Archive</h3>
<div class="fragment">
<img src="./img/disappear.jpg" style="width: 50%; height: 50%"/>
<div style="font-size: 24px; line-height: 0.25em">Source: <a href="http://anjackson.net/2015/04/27/what-have-we-saved-iipc-ga-2015/">Ten years of the UK web archive: what have we saved?</a></span>
</div>
<p class="fragment">Web Archiving can also be an essential component of reproducability</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>How is Web Archive Data Stored?</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">The <b style="color: gray">WARC</b> (<b style="color: gray">W</b>eb <b style="color: gray">ARC</b>hive) Format</li>
<li class="fragment">Created in collaboration between Internet Archive, many national libraries in 2005</li>
<li class="fragment"><a href="http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf">WARC 1.0 ISO Standard from 2005</a></li>
<li class="fragment"><a href="http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1-1_latestdraft.pdf">WARC 1.1 ISO Standard updated in 2016</a></li>
<li class="fragment">Designed to package HTTP request and responses, support deduplication, metadata, other arbitrary resources</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="warcformat1">
<h3>WARC Format: Response Record</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">WARC file contains one or more concatenated records</li>
<li class="fragment">Each record contains MIME-style WARC headers, followed by HTTP headers, followed by HTTP payload</li>
<li class="fragment">HTTP response record, <span class="inline-code">WARC-Type: response</span>
<pre class="fragment"><p data-trim style="font-size: smaller">
WARC/1.0
WARC-Type: response
WARC-Date: 2013-12-04T16:47:32Z
WARC-Record-ID: <urn:uuid:3619f5b0-d967-44be-8f24-762098d427c4>
WARC-Payload-Digest: sha1:B2LTWWPUOYAH7UIPQ7ZUPQ4VMBSVC36A
WARC-Target-URI: http://example.com/
Content-Length: 200
Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=response
...
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Server: nginx
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 100
...
<html>
...
</p>
</pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="warcformat2">
<h3>WARC Format: Request Record</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">HTTP Request record, <span class="inline-code">WARC-Type: request</span>
<pre class="fragment"><p data-trim style="">
WARC/1.0
WARC-Type: request
WARC-Record-ID: <urn:uuid:c59f3330-b241-4fca-8513-d687cd85bcfb>
WARC-Date: 2014-01-03T03:03:41Z
Content-Length: 320
Content-Type: application/http; msgtype=request
...
GET / HTTP/1.0
...
</p>
</pre>
</li>
<li class="fragment">Supports any other HTTP verb, includes payload if necessary.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Limitations of WARC</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">No built-in index of all records</li>
<li class="fragment">No defined metadata format.</li>
<li class="fragment">No way to specify starting pages</li>
<li class="fragment">No support for recent web features (websockets, dynamic history changes, etc..)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Accessing Web Archives -- Url Index</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Need an index from url to WARC location</li>
<li class="fragment">A text-based, space-delimited (!), sorted text index (CDX) popularized by IA:</li>
<pre class="fragment">
<p data-trim style="font-size: smaller; max-width: 1000px">
com,example)/?example=1 20140103030321 http://example.com?example=1 text/html 200
B2LTWWPUOYAH7UIPQ7ZUPQ4VMBSVC36A - - 1043 333 example.warc.gz</p></pre>
</pre>
<li class="fragment">CDX + JSON (CDXJ) variation</li>
<pre class="fragment">
<p data-trim style="font-size: smaller; max-width: 1000px">
com,example)/?example=1 20140103030321 {"url": "http://example.com?example=1",
"digest": "B2LTWWPUOYAH7UIPQ7ZUPQ4VMBSVC36A",
"length": "1043", "offset": "333", "filename": "example.warc.gz"}
</p>
</pre>
<li class="fragment"><a href="https://web.archive.org/cdx?url=csvconf.com">Sample CDX Query to Internet Archive</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Accessing Web Archives -- Replay Rules</h3>
<section>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Replay is recreating the captured web page from the WARC</li>
<li class="fragment">Replay can be harder than capture!</li>
<li class="fragment">Need to match HTTP request to response</li>
<li class="fragment">What if there is no exact match?</li>
<li class="fragment">Web Archive replay is sort of a reproducability problem</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<p class="fragment"><span class="left">Captured: </span>http://example.com/some/path?<span class="redh">_=12345</span></p>
<p class="fragment"><span class="left">Replayed: </span>http://example.com/some/path?<span class="redh">_=67890</span></p>
<p class="fragment">Need to fuzzy match, ignore the <span class="redh">_=</span> (a timestamp param)</p>
<p class="fragment">How do we know what query params to ignore?</p>
</section>
<section>
<p class="fragment"><span class="left">Captured: </span>http://example.com/some/path?<span class="greenh">id=ABC</span>&__otherparam=abc&other=test</p>
<p class="fragment"><span class="left">Replayed: </span>http://example.com/some/path?__temp=testid&<span class="greenh">id=ABC</span>&__foo=234</p>
<p class="fragment">Only match the <span class="greenh">id=</span> query parameter</p>
<p class="fragment">Need to store these 'fuzzy matching' rules</p>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Web Archive Collections</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Need to group WARC files into collections of archived content</li>
<li class="fragment">Need a way to specify key starting pages</li>
<li class="fragment">Need to support editing metadata, but not WARC data</li>
<li class="fragment">Unfortunately, no set standard on this yet</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Analyzing Web Archives</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Generating derivative data sets from WARC files</li>
<li class="fragment">Excellent Toolset: <a href="https://archivesunleashed.org/aut/">Archives Unleashed Toolkit</a></li>
<li class="fragment">Provides tools for data extraction in bulk</li>
<li class="fragment">Support for text extraction, HTML extraction, link analysis, image analysis, and more</li>
<li class="fragment">How to organize and distribute all this data?</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Web Archive Data can include:</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">WARC files</li>
<li class="fragment">Url Indexes</li>
<li class="fragment">Page Lists</li>
<li class="fragment">Replay Rules</li>
<li class="fragment">Search Indices</li>
<li class="fragment">Other Derivative Datasets</li>
<li class="fragment">Organized by Collection</li>
</ul>
<p class="fragment">Working on a reusable spec/directory structure to include all of these types of data</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>How can I start web archiving on my own?<h2>
<br/>
<h2 class="fragment"><a href="https://webrecorder.io/" target="_blank"><img style="vertical-align: middle; width: auto; height: 200px" src="img/webrecorder-logo-vector.svg"></a></h2>
</section>
<section>
<h3>The Webrecorder Project</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Web Archiving for All!</li>
<li class="fragment">Focus on 'high-fidelity', accurate browser-based capture and symmetrical replay of web pages</li>
<li class="fragment">User-friendly service and apps for creating and accessing web archive collections</li>
<li class="fragment">FOSS toolset for creating and accessing web archives</li>
<li class="fragment">Docker-based architecture, using Python and Javascript</li>
<li class="fragment"><a href="https://github.com/webrecorder">https://github.com/webrecorder</a></li>
<li class="fragment">Team of six working on Webrecorder at Rhizome, with support from Mellon Foundation</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What about the web browser?</h3>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Even if we have all the data, can we still replay it later?</li>
<li class="fragment">Browser features change, become obsolete</li>
<li class="fragment">We can preserve the browser via a Docker image!</li>
<li class="fragment">Can provide versions of browsers with Java, Flash</li>
<li class="fragment"><a href="https://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/GeneralInterest/Harrison/Flash/">Flash examples</a></li>
<li class="fragment"><a target="_blank" href="https://webrecorder.io/demo/java/list/bookmarks/b1/20170505193641$br:firefox:49/http://sites.math.rutgers.edu/~sontag/336/brownian-applet.html">Java Applet!</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What if I just want to read/write WARC files?</h3>
<h4 class="fragment">warcio</h4>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">package for creating and reading WARC files</li>
<li class="fragment">Make a WARC in 4 lines of Python:</li>
<pre class="left fragment">
from warcio.capture_http import capture_http
import requests
with capture_http('example.warc.gz', warc_version='1.1'):
requests.get('https://example.com/ ')
</pre>
<li class="fragment">Code: <a href="https://github.com/webrecorder/warcio">warcio</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What if I want to package existing files as WARCs</h3>
<h4 class="fragment">warcit</h4>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">A CLI tool for packing files and directories as WARCs</li>
<li class="fragment">Create my-site.warc from contents of ./my-site-data/ directory:</li>
<pre class="left fragment">
warcit -n my-site.warc http://www.mysite.example.com/ ./my-site-data/
</pre>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>pywb</h3>
<h4>Python Wayback / Web Archive Toolkit</h4>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Core "engine" powering Webrecorder</li>
<li class="fragment">Create and view WARCs through browser, via rewritten urls and HTTP/S proxy</li>
<li class="fragment">Directory-based config for web archive data</li>
<li class="fragment">Docs: <a href="https://pywb.readthedocs.io">pywb.readthedocs.io</a></li>
<li class="fragment">Code: <a href="https://github.com/webrecorder/pywb">pywb</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What if I want to archive through the browser?</h3>
<ul>
<li>Create a web archive of a page in 4 line script:</li>
<pre class="left fragment">
pip install pywb
wb-manager init my-web-archive
wayback --proxy my-web-archive --proxy-record --live
google-chrome http://localhost:8080/my-web-archive<span class="redh">/record/</span>http://example.com/
</pre>
<li class="fragment">OR</li>
<pre class="left fragment">
google-chrome --proxy-server=http://localhost:8080 https://example.com/
</pre>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What if I want to host a wayback machine/provide access?</h3>
<ul>
<li>View an archive of with a 4-line script:</li>
<pre class="left fragment">
pip install pywb
wb-manager init my-web-archive
wayback --proxy my-web-archive
google-chrome http://localhost:8080/my-web-archive/http://example.com/
</pre>
<li class="fragment">OR</li>
<pre class="left fragment">
google-chrome --proxy-server=http://localhost:8080 https://example.com/
</pre>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What if I want a simple desktop app for users to browse a web archive?</h3>
<h4 class="fragment">Webrecorder Player</h4>
<img class="fragment imgsqr" src="img/WRlogo.png"></li>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Electron Desktop App for OSX, Windows, Linux</li>
<li class="fragment">Open and browse any WARC file locally, offline</li>
<li class="fragment">Full Webrecorder App coming soon, with UI consistent with webrecorder.io</li>
<li class="fragment"><a href="https://github.com/webrecorder/webrecorder-player/releases">Releases on Github</a></li>
<li class="fragment">Code: <a href="https://github.com/webrecorder/webrecorder-player">webrecorder-player</a></li>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What if I want a specific browser, eg. with Flash?</h3>
<h4>Remote Browser System</h4>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Docker containers each containing a web browser</li>
<li class="fragment">Originally developed for <a href="http://oldweb.today/">oldweb.today</a></li>
<li class="fragment">Preserving browsers with Flash, even Java</li>
<li class="fragment">Several versions of Chrome, Firefox</li>
<li class="fragment">Access via VNC + WebRTC</li>
<li class="fragment">Lots of Code: <a href="https://github.com/oldweb-today">github.com/oldweb-today</a></li>
<li class="fragment">Docs still needed</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>What if I want to try it all!</h3>
<h4 class="fragment">webrecorder/webrecorder</h4>
<ul>
<li class="fragment">Full system running on webrecorder.io</li>
<li class="fragment">Containerized deployment with Docker Compose</li>
<li class="fragment">Adds user, collection management, friendly UI</li>
<li class="fragment">Integrates Remote Browser System</li>
<li class="fragment">API Backend, React Frontend</li>
<li class="fragment">Code: <a href="https://github.com/webrecorder/webrecorder">webrecorder</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Thank you</h2>
<h3>Q & A</h3>
<br/>
<h5>Contact:<br/><a href="mailto:ilya.kreymer@rhizome.org">ilya.kreymer@rhizome.org</a></h5>
<h5>Contact:<br/><a href="mailto:support@webrecorder.io">support@webrecorder.io</a></h5>
</section>
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<h5>WARC Files and Beyond</h5>
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