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RVKEX: ECC/isogeny-based key exchange on 64-bit RISC-V

Overview

  • We consider the RISC-V baseline ISA as being rv64gc meaning that the following standard extensions

    • M (multiplication)
    • A (atomic)
    • F (single-precision floating-point)
    • D (double-precision floating-point)
    • C (compressed)

    are available by default.

Implementations

  • We plan to develop 4 types of implementation for each of pre-quantum X25519 and post-quantum CSIDH-512:

    • full-radix pure-software x25519
    • full-radix ISE-assisted x25519
    • reduced-radix pure-software x25519
    • reduced-radix ISE-assisted x25519
    • full-radix pure-software csidh-512
    • full-radix ISE-assisted csidh-512
    • reduced-radix pure-software csidh-512
    • reduced-radix ISE-assisted csidh-512

    Furthermore, we plan to design general-purpose ISE (for large integer arithmetic) and special-purpose ISE (for CSIDH-512) then discuss different trade-offs.

  • Since CSIDH is costly, it makes more sense to target more computing-powerful rv64 instead of rv32 in this project.

Organization

├── bin                       - scripts (e.g., environment configuration)
├── doc                       - documentation (e.g., encoding and design)
├── src                       - source code
│   ├── hw                    - hardware part
│   │   ├── fpga                - source code for the FPGA implementation using Vivado
│   │   │   ├── board             - source for supporting targeted boards (i.e., sakura-x and arty100T)
│   │   │   ├── script            - scripts for handling the FPGA bitstream on Vivado
│   │   │   ├── soc               - the Vivado projects based on the Rocket Chip SoC.
│   │   │   └── software          - build algorithm-specific sofware running on the FPGA.
│   │   ├── rocketchip          - source code for ISE-enabled Rocket Chip
│   │   ├── rtl                 - rtl implementation
│   │   │   ├── rvzbk             - Implementation of RV64Zbk ISE
│   │   │   ├── csidh-512         - Implementation of RV64 csidh  ISE
│   │   │   └── x25519            - Implementation of RV64 x25519 ISE
│   │   └── verilator         - source code for emulator for use with Rocket Chip 
│   │
│   ├── csidh-512             - csidh-512 implementations
│   │   ├── full-radix            - radix-2^64 (pure-sw + ise-assisted)
│   │   └── reduced-radix         - radix-2^57 (pure-sw + ise-assisted)
│   └── x25519                - x25519 implementations
│       ├── full-radix            - radix-2^64 (pure-sw + ise-assisted)
│       └── reduced-radix         - radix-2^51 (pure-sw + ise-assisted)
├── bitstream                 - pre-built bitstreams for the arty100T board 
├── hw-toolchain              - scripts to install RISC-V hardware toolchains 
├── sw-toolchain              - scripts to install RISC-V software toolchains 
└── work                      - working directory for build

Usage

  • Fix paths for the RISCV toolchains, e.g.,

    export RISCV="/opt/riscv"

  • Clone the repository and setup environment

    git clone https://github.com/scarv/rvkex.git
cd ./rvkex
git submodule update --init --recursive
source bin/conf.sh

Evaluation on Software Simulation

  • Build the software toolchain

    make sw-toolchain-build

  • Build and evaluate the (different) software

    make sw-run ALG=x25519    RADIX=[full/reduced] TYPE=RV64_TYPE[1/2]
make sw-run ALG=csidh-512 RADIX=[full/reduced] TYPE=RV64_TYPE[0/1/2/3]
    • RV64_TYPE0: reference C implementation;
    • RV64_TYPE1: pure-software ASM implementation;
    • RV64_TYPE2: ISE-assisted ASM implementation using general-purpose ISE;
    • RV64_TYPE3: ISE-assisted ASM implementation using general-purpose ISE plus special-purpose ISE.

  • The optional cadd instruction is enabled by default. But you may would like to disable it in the ISE-assisted full-radix implementation, then add CADD=disable, e.g.,

    make sw-run ALG=x25519    RADIX=full TYPE=RV64_TYPE2     CADD=disable
make sw-run ALG=csidh-512 RADIX=full TYPE=RV64_TYPE[2/3] CADD=disable

  • Enable the debug mode (add MODE=debug), e.g.,

    make sw-run ALG=x25519 RADIX=reduced TYPE=RV64_TYPE2 MODE=debug

Evaluation with Rocket Chip on FPGA hardware

  • Fix paths for the Rocket Chip toolchain, e.g.,

    export RISCV_ROCKET="/opt/riscv-rocket"

  • Build a toolchain for use with Rocket-Chip into ${RISCV_ROCKET}:

    make hw-toolchain-build

  • The build system in

    ${REPO_HOME}/src/hw/Makefile

    includes

    • ISE-enabled Rocket Chip implementation,
    • Implementing the Rocket Chip SoC on FPGA using Vivado,

  • Get an ISE-enabled Rocket-Chip implementation

    make hw-get-rocketchip

  • Fix path for the installed Vivado Design Suite, e.g.,

    export VIVADO_TOOL_DIR="/opt/Xilinx/Vivado/2019.1"
source ./bin/vivado-conf.sh

  • Run a software on FPGA implemetation with a pre-built bitstream:

    • Connect the arty100T board to a Computer via a USB port. Assumingly, the port /dev/ttyUSB0 is used.
    • Program the pre-built FPGA bitstream to the Arty100T, e.g.,
    BOARD="arty100T" ALG=[x25519/csidh-512] RADIX=[full/reduced] make fpga-prog
    • Build and execute implementation on the Arty100T, e.g.,
    PORT="/dev/ttyUSB0" BOARD="arty100T" ALG=[x25519/csidh-512] RADIX=[full/reduced] make fpga-run
    • Use the script provided to scan all implementations of an algorithm with different configurations, e.g.,
    PORT="/dev/ttyUSB0" BOARD="arty100T" ALG=[x25519/csidh-512] RADIX=[full/reduced] make fpga-scan

    Or scan all implementations using the full-radix representation.

    PORT="/dev/ttyUSB0" BOARD="arty100T" make fpga-scan-full

    Or scan all implementations using the reduced-radix representation.

    PORT="/dev/ttyUSB0" BOARD="arty100T" make fpga-scan-reduced

  • Rebuild the Xilinx Vivado project and the bitstream for the Rocket Chip system (for developments/modifications):

    • Generate the verilog files, and then the bit-stream for the FPGA implementation, e.g.,
    BOARD=[arty100T/sakura-x] ALG=[x25519/csidh-512] RADIX=[full/reduced] make fpga-hw
    • Update a pre-built bitstream with a new bitstream, e.g.,
    BOARD=[arty100T/sakura-x] ALG=[x25519/csidh-512] RADIX=[full/reduced] make fpga-update