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<h1>Micro-Benchmarking Julia, C++ and Pythran on an Economics kernel</h1>
<aside>
<ul>
<li>
<time datetime="2016-04-05 00:00:00+02:00">Apr 05, 2016</time>
</li>
<li>
Categories:
<a href="./category/benchmark.html"><em>benchmark</em></a>
</li>
</li>
</ul>
</aside>
<div class="section" id="the-benchmark">
<h2>The benchmark</h2>
<p>First there was a paper <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-1" id="footnote-reference-1">[0]</a>,
in the paper there was a github <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-2" id="footnote-reference-2">[1]</a> and
in the github <a class="footnote-reference" href="#footnote-2" id="footnote-reference-3">[1]</a> some benchmarks.
In my case I wanted to re-run the Julia code because the language is changing quickly and so may run better now.
But the day before I discovered Pythran so why not test both?</p>
<p>And so let's re-run two benchmarks: <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/jesusfv/Comparison-Programming-Languages-Economics/blob/master/RBC_CPP.cpp">C++</a> , <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/jesusfv/Comparison-Programming-Languages-Economics/blob/master/RBC_Julia.jl">Julia</a> and add a new one, Pythran.</p>
<div class="section" id="c-results">
<h3>C++ results</h3>
<p>Compiling and running the C++ code was easy:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>%<span class="w"> </span>g++<span class="w"> </span>-O3<span class="w"> </span>RBC_CPP.cpp<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span>testcpp
</pre></div>
<p>then</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">./</span><span class="n">testcpp</span>
<span class="n">Output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.562731</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Capital</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.178198</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Consumption</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.384533</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0527416</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0313469</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.0187035</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">230</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.87636e-07</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">240</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2.32197e-07</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.39087e-07</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">257</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">9.71604e-08</span>
<span class="n">My</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">check</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.146549</span>
<span class="n">Elapsed</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2.40271</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="julia-results">
<h3>Julia results</h3>
<p>The Julia code:</p>
<p>we run <cite>julia</cite>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">include</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"RBC_Julia.jl"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">julia</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nd">@time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">Output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.5627314338711378</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Capital</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.178198287392527</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Consumption</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.3845331464786108</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.05274159340733661</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.031346949265852075</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.01870345989335709</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">230</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">3.876361940324813e-7</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">240</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2.3219657929729465e-7</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">250</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.3908720952748865e-7</span>
<span class="n">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">257</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sup</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">9.716035642703957e-8</span>
<span class="n">My</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">check</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.1465491436962635</span>
<span class="mf">3.001183</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">seconds</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">3.84</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">k</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">allocations</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">703.276</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">MB</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">0.68</span><span class="o">%</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gc</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">time</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Not bad!</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="python-pythran-and-numba">
<h3>Python: Pythran and Numba</h3>
<p>Now some pythran code, we use the Numba version as starter: so we remove the Numba decorator and
replace it by a Pythran comment:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">numba</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">autojit</span>
<span class="nd">@autojit</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">innerloop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bbeta</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nGridCapital</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gridCapitalNextPeriod</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mOutput</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nProductivity</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">vGridCapital</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">expectedValueFunction</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mValueFunction</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mValueFunctionNew</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mPolicyFunction</span><span class="p">):</span>
</pre></div>
<p>to</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#pythran export innerloop(float, int, int, float[][], int, float[], float[][], float[][], float[][], float[][])</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">innerloop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bbeta</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nGridCapital</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">gridCapitalNextPeriod</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mOutput</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nProductivity</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">vGridCapital</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">expectedValueFunction</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mValueFunction</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mValueFunctionNew</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mPolicyFunction</span><span class="p">):</span>
</pre></div>
<p>Easy? not quite... while pythranisation of the code, something went wrong, but
no idea why! With some (many) help, the solution was found: the idea was to extract the innerloop into a
new file and run Pythran on it then calling it from the main code.</p>
<p>The function is in <tt class="docutils literal">je.py</tt> and the main code is <tt class="docutils literal">run_je.py</tt></p>
<p>Let's run the code:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>%<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">time</span><span class="w"> </span>python2<span class="w"> </span>run_je.py
<span class="nv">Output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.562731433871<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Capital</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.178198287393<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Consumption</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.384533146479
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.0527415934073
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.0313469492659
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">20</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.0187034598934
<span class="o">[</span>...<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">230</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span>.87636194032e-07
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">240</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>.32196579297e-07
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">250</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>.39087209527e-07
python2<span class="w"> </span>run_je.py<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>,45s<span class="w"> </span>user<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>,08s<span class="w"> </span>system<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">94</span>%<span class="w"> </span>cpu<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>,666<span class="w"> </span>total
</pre></div>
<p>And it is very nice!</p>
<p>And just for fun, the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/jesusfv/Comparison-Programming-Languages-Economics/blob/master/RBC_Python_Numba.py">Numba version</a>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>%<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">time</span><span class="w"> </span>python2<span class="w"> </span>RBC_Python_Numba.py
<span class="nv">Output</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.562731433871<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Capital</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.178198287393<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Consumption</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.384533146479
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.0527415934073
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">10</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.0313469492659
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">20</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.0187034598934
<span class="o">[</span>...<span class="o">]</span>
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">230</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span>.87636194032e-07
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">240</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">2</span>.32196579297e-07
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">250</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Diff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">1</span>.39087209527e-07
<span class="nv">Iteration</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">257</span><span class="w"> </span>,<span class="w"> </span>Sup<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Duff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">9</span>.71603566491e-08
My<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Check</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span>.146549143696
Elapse<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span>is<span class="w"> </span><span class="m">3</span>.00302290916
</pre></div>
<p>So in the end we have:</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="50%" />
<col width="50%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Language</th>
<th class="head">Time</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td>C++</td>
<td>2.4 sec</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Pythran</td>
<td>2.4 sec</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Numba</td>
<td>3.0 sec</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Julia</td>
<td>3.0 sec</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>These benchs were run on a modest Pentium R 3550M @ 2.3GHz</p>
<p>But what amaze me was the fact that with Pythran we were able to my high-end Intel i7 machine.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conclusion">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>To conclude, Pythran is for me still young, like Julia, but for a little cost and no particular knowlegde you can
get the same performances as C code in Python. It worth the time to take a look to Pythran.</p>
<p>So good luck Pythran!</p>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-1" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-1">[0]</a></td><td><a class="reference external" href="http://economics.sas.upenn.edu/~jesusfv/comparison_languages.pdf">http://economics.sas.upenn.edu/~jesusfv/comparison_languages.pdf</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="footnote-2" rules="none">
<colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td class="label">[1]</td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-2">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#footnote-reference-3">2</a>)</em> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/jesusfv/Comparison-Programming-Languages-Economics">https://github.com/jesusfv/Comparison-Programming-Languages-Economics</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</article>
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